Lecture 10 - epidemiology of Cancer (Dr. Craft) Flashcards
in dogs what is the most recorded contributor to death
cancer
what determines the risk of cancer
interactiosn between environment and genetic factors
___ damage is central to carcinogenesis so it can be passed on to future cells
non-leatal genetic damage
a tumor is formed by __ that has incurred genetic damage
clonal expansion of a single precursor cell
EXAM: What are the 4 major gene targets of cancer causing mutations
- proto-oncogenes
- tumor suppressor genes
- apoptosis regulating genes
- DNA repair genes
__ results from the accumulation of mutations over time
carciongenesis
mutation in __ gene is a gain of function mutation
proto-oncogenes
__ normally prevents tumor transformation, but increases cancer risk when there is a loss of function mutation
tumor suppressor genes
a gain or loss of function mutation in the __ genes can enhance mutated cell’s survival
apoptosis regulating genes
EXAM: 10 hallmarks of cancer (how to make cancer) “SEAL TIGAAAS”
- Self sufficient growth signals
- Evade apoptosis
- Altered cell metabolism
- Limitless replicative potential (immortal)
- Tumor promoting inflammation
- Ignores inhibitory signals
- Genomic instability
- Ability to invade/metastasize
- Ability to evade immune system
- sustain angiogenesis
__ are genes that promote autonomous cell growth in cancer (mutated proto-oncogenes)
oncogenes
___ are the unmuted “normal” gene counterpart of oncogene
proto-oncogene
__ are abnormal proteins encoded by oncogenes that often inactivate internal regulatory elements causing excess proliferation
oncoproteins
mutations in __ result in oncogenes that produceoncoproteins that lead to excessive cell ___ = cancer
proto-oncogene, proliferation
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