SAM2 (2) Riktig Flashcards
Which parameter is the most specific for DIC?
a. fibrinogen
b. APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)
c. PTT (partial thromboplasin time)
d. FDP (fibrin degradation products)
FDP (fibrin degradation products)
Which is not a typical symptom in cats in case of a riding thrombus:
a. paralysis of the hindlimbs
b. loud (painful) vocalization
c. dyspnoe
d. loss of femoral pulse
dyspnoe
When does cardiac dullness occur during percussion of the thorax?
a. thoracic fluid accumulation
b. pneumonia
c. lung tumors
d. enlargement of the heart
enlargement of the heart
What is the most reliable method of diagnosis for pneumothorax?
a. x-rays
b. physical exam
c. ultrasound
d. thoracoscopy
x-rays
In case of PPDH, the dislocation of which abdominal organ is NOT common?
a. spleen
b. omentum
c. liver
d. small intestines
spleen
What can we conclude from the speed of flow during Doppler echocardiography?
a. the MAP
b. the direction of flow
c. the pressure difference between the heart chambers
d. the character of flow (laminal or turbulent)
the pressure difference between the heart chambers
Which part of the stomach is usually dislocated in case of sliding (axial) hiatal hernia?
a. cardia
b. fundus
c. corpus
d. antrum pylori
cardia
What lesions are expected in severe endocardosis?
a. left ventricular hypertrophy
b. right ventricular hypertrophy
c. left heart distension
d. right heart distension
left heart distension
What lesions are expected in severe dilated cardiomyopathy?
a. left ventricular hypertrophy
b. right ventricular hypertrophy
c. left heart distension
d. right heart distension
left heart distension
What lesion is expected in severe pulmonary stenosis?
a. left ventricular hypertrophy
b. right ventricular hypertrophy
c. left heart distension
d. right heart distension
right ventricular hypertrophy
What lesions are expected in severe aortic stenosis?
a. left ventricular hypertrophy
b. right ventricular hypertrophy
c. left heart distension
d. right heart distension
left ventricular hypertrophy
Which organ is the source of MDF in shock?
a. liver
b. lung
c. GI tract
d. pancreas
pancreas
What treatment should be given to a dog with B2 level mitral endocardosis?
a. ACE-I
b. pimobendan
c. furosemide
d. none of the above
pimobendan
Which is not part of the pathological remodeling of the heart?
a. MHC receptor formation on the membranes of myocardial cells
b. the macroscopic transformation of the heart (dilation, hypertrophy)
c. change of the myocardial cell function (contractility, arrhythmias)
d. change in the myocardial cell connections
change in the myocardial cell connections
For which disease is “heart palpation” obtusio cordis specific?
a. pulmonary oedema
b. pulmonary fibrosis
c. something space consuming in the chest
d. fluid accumulation in thorax
something space consuming in the chest
After physical and auxiliary examinations we diagnose mitral endocardosis, but the typical symptoms are not present yet. Which stage can we put the patient in?
a. AHA-A
b. AHA-B
c. AHA-C
d. AHA-D
AHA-B
Basic therapy for endocardosis with typical symptoms present:
a. furosemide, potassium, pimobendan
b. furosemide, spironolactone, digoxin
c. ACE-I, bronchodilators
d. furosemide, ACE-I
Furosemide, potassium, pimobendan
Which congenital heart disease has a specific continuous „machinery” heart murmur as a symptom?
a. pulmonic stenosis
b. ventricular septal defect
c. tetralogy of fallot
d. PDA
PDA
What is the common „shock organ” in horses and dogs?
a. liver
b. lung
c. GI tract
d. pancreas
GI tract
Which type (localisation) is typical for perineal hernia in female dogs?
a. lateral
b. dorsal
c. ventral
d. perineal hernia does not happen in females
ventral
Which is the common „shock organ” in horses and cats?
a. liver
b. lungs
c. small intestine
d. pancreas
lungs
The most common color code meaning in color Doppler echocardiography:
a. red: bloodflow towards the transducer; blue: bloodflow away from the transducer
b. blue: bloodflow towards the transducer; red: bloodflow away from the transducer
c. blue: venous bloodflow; red: arterial bloodflow
d. blue: decreasing speed bloodflow; red: increasing speed bloodflow
red: bloodflow towards the transducer; blue: bloodflow away from the transducer
Which congenital heart disease is more common in female dogs?
a. pulmonic stenosis
b. ventricular septal defect
c. Fallot-tetralogy
d. PDA
PDA
In which stage of HWD can ascites happen in dogs?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 2 and 3
d. in none
3
Which is the wrong answer? If we increase the preload, …
a. it increases the contractility of the heart
b. we can induce stagnancy
c. the heart dilates
d. the cardiac performance will decrease
the cardiac performance will decrease
Choose the wrong answer: in the progression of cardiac failure, a role is aaributed to:
a. chronic activation of the RAAS and the sympathic nervous system
b. cardiac acetylcholine receptor numbers and function altered (down regulation)
c. inflammatory mediators and free radicals
d. insufficient oxygen and energy supply of the cardiomyocytes despite of the increased demand
cardiac acetylcholine receptor numbers and function altered (down regulation)
Which mode can be used for real time 2d visualization of the structure of the myocardium?
a. B-mode
b. color Doppler
c. M-mode
d. spectral Doppler
M-mode
What diagnostic tests are needed for HWD screening?
a. only modified Knott test
b. only antigen test
c. both
d. neither
Both
What drug should be given for a B1 stage mitral endocardosis canine patient?
a. ACE-I
b. pimobendan
c. furosemide
d. none of the above
none of the above
What CANNOT be determined by color Doppler ultrasound?
a. the presence of bloodflow
b. the direction of bloodflow
c. the speed of bloodflow
d. the character of bloodflow (laminal or turbulent)
the character of bloodflow (laminal or turbulent)
ECG is mostly recommended when:
a. a dog brought in for vaccines has a 200 bpm heart rate
b. a dog that suffered an accident has a 200 bpm heart rate
c. a dog brought in with 40,8 C temperature has a 180 bpm heart rate
d. a dog brought in for chip placement has a 160 bpm heart rate
a dog brought in for vaccines has a 200 bpm heart rate
Suture materials. Choose the incorrect answer!
a. the size of the suture material is given either in metric unit (e.g. 1 – European Pharmacopoea) or in USP unit (5-0, United States Pharmacopoea)
b. catgut is a natural resorbable suture material
c. polyglicolic acid, polyglactin and polidioxanone are synthetic and absorbable
d. polyester, polyamide and polypropylene are synthetic and nonabsorbable
the size of the suture material is given either in metric unit (e.g. 1 – European Pharmacopoea) or in USP unit (5-0, United States Pharmacopoea)
A typical symptom of haemopericardium in dogs is:
a. strong pulse
b. systolic murmur
c. reddened mucosas
d. distant heart sounds
distant heart sounds
Choose the correct answer:
a. during scrubbing in, in the skin of the forearm
b. the back of the surgical gown is considered sterile after putting it on
c. if the sterile gloves break, it is always necessary to redo the scrubbing
d. the efficiency of the scrubbing is primarily determined by the contact time, not the strength of scrubbing.
the efficiency of the scrubbing is primarily determined by the contact time, not the strength of scrubbing.
Which drug does not have a significant diuretic effect in small animals?
a. furosemide
b. torasemide
c. spironolactone
d. chlorothiazide
spironolactone
Can diaphragmatic hernia be diagnosed by ultrasound?
a. yes
b. no
c. maybe
d. never
Yes
Characteristic of aspiration pneumonia
o Can be caused by megaesophagus and laryngeal dysfunction
o Its prognosis can be influenced by the pH , volume and quality of aspirated volume
o Glucocorticoid and furosemide are not recommended for treatment
o All above mentioned are true
All above mentioned are true
Which of the following reflects the most severe acute respiratory distress (pO2< 60 mmHg )
o Dyspnea
o Cyanosis
o Hyperventilation
o Labial breathing
Cyanosis
Characteristic of canine/feline pneumonia
o Usually, a primary disease
o Good general condition, cough
o Its background is usually a viral infection, foreign body or food aspiration
o Normal body temperature, good general condition, good appetite
Its background is usually a viral infection, foreign body or food aspiration
Which statement is incorrect regarding cervical tracheal resection/anastomosis?
o Ventral cervical approach is usually applied
o In adults even the 50% of the tracheal length can be resected
o in immature dogs even the 25% of the tracheal length can be resected
o either interrupted or continuous stitches are applicable tor anastomosis
either interrupted or continuous stitches are applicable tor anastomosis
Which of the following categories is correct according to the approximation of the wound edge?
o Skin - intradermal - subcutaneous - muscular - fascial
o Interrupted vs. continuous
o Appositional - inverting-tension-relieving
o simple - mattress - cruciate ligament …
Appositional - inverting-tension-relieving
Which is the following prognostic factors had no impact on the disease free interval (DFI) in a retrospective study by McNeil al (JAVMA, 1997) analyzing cases with primary lung tumor removed pulmonary lobectomy?
o the histopathologic grade of the lung tumor
o clinical signs
o regional lymph node metastases
o / - chemotherapy
chemotherapy
Characteristic of “reverse sneezing”:
o Nasopharyngeal irritation is presumed in the background
o indicates a serious, life- threatening illness
o usually caused by irritation of the anterior third of the nasal cavity
o indicates a laryngeal lesion
Nasopharyngeal irritation is presumed in the background
Which of the following clinical findings is not a member of the diagnostic triad defining the absolute indication of surgery in case of thoracic trauma?
a. Status of the thoracic wall
b. Skin defect on the thoracic wall
c. Positive radiological finding of lung contusion
d. ARD
Skin defect on the thoracic wall
According to Shamir et al (JSAP, 2002), which of the following features is incorrect concerning the typical canine population usually suffering from thoracic trauma?
o Male
o bite trauma
o bodyweight <10 kg
o body weight <20 kg
Body weight <20 kg
In which of the following conditions is the rhinotomy not the primarily indicated therapy?
o nasal foreign body abscess
o nasopharyngeal polyp
o chronic, conservative therapy-resistant rhinitis
o nasal adenocarcinoma
nasal adenocarcinoma
Which muscle / muscles can be used for intramuscular drug application?
o M femoralis
o M. gastrocnemius
o M. semitendinosus or semimembranosus
o Tibialis cranialis muscle
M. semitendinosus or semimembranosus
Which of the following suture materials is absorbable?
o Polypropylene (Prolene (tm))
o Polyamides (Supramid (tm))
o Both of them
o None of them
None of them
Which of the following statement is incorrect? An active drain …
o … is not recommended as flushing drain
o … can be open suction-drain
o … can be closed suction-drain
o … is used as flushing drain
is not recommended as flushing drain
Which of the following statement is incorrect? Radon drain …
o … is a tube drain
o … is made of latex
o … can be used as passive drain
o … is mostly used as active drain
… is made of latex
Primary Survey. Mark the incorrect answer!
o Determine all organic disorders
o Reveal direct life-threatening conditions
o Check and stabilize circulation and respiration
o Check and stabilize CNS
Determine all organic disorders
What does “3-Metric “mean on a suture material pack?
o The suture material has” grade 3” tensile strength
o The suture material absorption time is 3 months
o The suture material is 0.3 mm of diameter
o The suture material is 0.3 meter (30 cm) long
The suture material is 0.3 mm of diameter
Characteristic of feline herpes viral rhinitis:
a. the vaccinated animals can not be infected
b. bilateral mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge
c. vaccination is not recommended against this disease
d. easy to cure
bilateral mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge
Which of the following sterilization methods operates at the highest temperature?
o Autoclave (steam)
o Gamma-beam radiation
o Ethylene-dioxide sterilization
o Dry heat sterilization
Dry heat sterilization
Which of the following suture materials is non-absorbable?
a. Polyglactin (Vicryl (tm))
b. Polydioxanones (PDS (tm))
c. Both of them
d. None of them Submit
Both of them
To perform a complete blood count examination, you need a (n)
o heparinized blood sampling tube.
o EDTA blood sampling tube.
o citrated blood sampling tube.
o NaF blood sampling tube
EDTA blood sampling tube.
Primary assessment of the circulation. Mark the incorrect answer!
o Check for bleeding
o Check mucous membranes and CRT
o Check pulse rate and quality
o Perform ECG and heart US examination
Perform ECG and heart US examination
Which of the following USP numbers indicates the thickest suture material?
a. 0
b. 2-0
c. 2
d. 3-0
2
In the case of acute epistaxis / nasal bleeding:
a. Immediate X-Ray examination is required
b. immediate rhinoscopy is required
c. as soon as possible hemostasis and coagulation profile laboratory tests are
required
d. Nasal foreign body and fungal rhinitis cannot be presumed in the background
as soon as possible hemostasis and coagulation profile laboratory tests are
required
according to Poncet classification system for BAOS which is the most defining clinical condition of the grade III category?
a. severity of stridor / stertor
b. syncope
c. duration of clinical signs
d. grade III laryngeal collapse
syncope
which finding is incorrect about pneumonectomy cases in the ??pective multicenter study by Wavreille et al (Vet Surg 201…
a. primary lung tumors were represented in 52% of the indications
b. 76% of dogs and 80% of cats had postoperative respiratory complications
c. the acute perioperative (< 24h) mortality was around 10%
d. subacute (<2 weeks) postoperative mortality affected 1 dog and 2 cats
The acute perioperative (< 24h) mortality was around 10%
Which statement is incorrect regarding sternotomy…
a. it causes significantly bigger postoperative pain compared to lateral thoracotomy
b. oscillating saw or osteotome is necessary for the approach
c. Finachietto rib retractor or Gelpi retractor is applicable
d. it is indicated by mediastinal and/or bilateral thoracic conditions
it causes significantly bigger postoperative pain compared to lateral thoracotomy
Characteristics of critical care. Mark the incorrect answer!
o The order of examination and therapeutical methods are different than in non-emergency cases
o Diagnostics and therapy overlap each other in order to gain time
o The examination consists of two phases. primary and secondary survey
o All emergency patients require intensive ward care
All emergency patients require intensive ward care
Choose the correct answer. Colloid infusions
o contain small molecular weight compounds
o in a dosage less than 20ml / kg/day they may induce coagulopathy
o are used to treat dehydration
o are used in hypovolemia combined with crystalloids
are used in hypovolemia combined with crystalloids
The point of maintenance infusion therapy is
o treat dehydration
o replace obligatory fluid losses by an animal with anorexia and hypodipsia
o provide appropriate calorie intake
o giving low potassium containing infusions
replace obligatory fluid losses by an animal with anorexia and hypodipsia
Delayed primary closure
o is normally performed on the first day post-trauma
o may be indicated in deep infected puncture wounds
o is usually performed 2 to 5 days after injury
o involves the complete excision of granulation tissue
is usually performed 2 to 5 days after injury
What does ‘atypical’ operation mean?
o one sort of ide-saving surgeries
o One sort of tumor removal procedures
o Specific plastic surgical intervention
o An individual procedure using the whole knowledge, experience and intuition
of the surgeon
An individual procedure using the whole knowledge, experience and intuition
of the surgeon
In case of hypovolemia, the first choice of infusion is:
a. 5% glucose
b. HAES infusion
c. Lactated ringer solution
d. 10% naCl solution
Lactated ringer solution
which of the following breeds is the congenital laryngeal paralysis common?
o Hungarian vizsla
o Husky
o Greyhound
o Pointer
Husky
What is the most frequent complication of CricoArytenoid Lateralization?
a. laryngeal collapse
b. recurrence
c. aspiration
d. none of them
aspiration
which of the following features makes polyprolylene the most popular cardiovascular suture material?
o Monofilament feature
o Good tensile strength
o Good knot security
o Unique thrombophobic feature
Unique thrombophobic feature
Which approach is recommended for nasal opening in brachycephalic breeds?
o Dorsal rhinotomy
o Ventral rhinotomy
o Dorsal rhinotomy sinus trephination
o Ventral rhinotomy sinus trephination
Ventral rhinotomy
which of the following brachycephalic disorders is not surgically curable?
o Stenotic nares
o Elongated soft palate
o Laryngeal collapse
o Tracheal hypoplasia
Tracheal hypoplasia
Characteristic of canine chronic bronchitis:
o Bronchial pattern on X-Ray
o Mucopurulent discharge in the bronchi during bronchoscopy
o Cytology and microbiology of BAL are required
o All the above mentioned are true
All the above mentioned are true
Which belong to the core vaccines in dogs?
a. parvoviral enteritis, distemper, Rubarths disease
b. panleukopenia, parvoviral enteritis, Rubarths-disease
c. panleukopenia, distemper ruburths-disease
d. Leptospirosis, parvoviral enteritis, distemper, Rubarth’s- disease
Leptospirosis, parvoviral enteritis, distemper, Rubarth’s- disease
How many lung lobes has the dog?
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
6
Which arytenoid structure is anchored during CAL?
o processus muscularis
o processus cuneiformis
o processus corniculatus
o none of them
processus muscularis
Characteristic of canine chronic bronchitis:
a. it is more common in old, large breed dogs
b. it is more common in young, small breed dogs
c. inspiratory type dyspnoea
d. crackles and wheezes with auscultation
crackles and wheezes with auscultation
The concept of moist wound therapy does not include
a. surgical debridement
b. autolytic debridement
c. a wet-to-dry dressing
d. a hydrocolloid dressing
surgical debridement
Which of the following features defines the suture material’s drainage ability?
a. Monofilament vs. multifilament
b. Tensile strength
c. Knot security
d. Absorption
Monofilament vs. multifilament
Which is the uppermost muscle layer to be incised during lateral thoracotomy?
a. Dorsal latissimus m.
b. Dorsal serratus m.
c. Ventral serratus m.
d. Cutaneus trunci
Cutaneus trunci
