SAM1 Riktig (2) Flashcards
The primary exposure factor that controls scatter radiation is?
a. kVp
b. mAs
c. increased exposure time
d. the collimator setting
mAs
What do grids contain that controls scatter radiation?
a. Molybdenum
b. Aluminium
c. Silver
d. Lead
lead
Where is the grid located?
a. between the patient and the cassette
b. between the patient and the x-ray tube
c. above the x-ray tube
d. under the cassette
Between the patient and the cassette
To prevent magnification and distortion of the object being radiographed, the patient must…
a. be as parallel to the film as possible
b. be as close to the film as possible
c. be as close to the x-ray tube as possible
d. both a and b are correct
both a and b are correct
When viewing a radiograph of a laterally positioned animal?
A) the head should be at the top of the viewbox/display
B) the head should face the viewers left with the spine at the top
C) the head should face the viewers right with spine at top
D) the head face the viewers left with spine at the bottom
The head should face the viewers left with the spine at the top
When viewing a radiograph over laterally positioned animal
a. the head should be at the top of the viewbox /display
b. the head should face the viewer’s left with this spine at the top
c. they had shoot face with the viewer’s right with the spine at the top
d. the head should face the viewer’s left with the spine at the bottom
the head should face the viewer’s left with this spine at the top
Any body part exceeding this measurement requires the use of a grid to reduce fog producing scatter radiation
a. 20 cm
b. 10 cm
c. 2.5 cm
d. 30 cm
10cm
Which statement is false?
a. The use of grid is recommended over 10 cm object diameter.
b. Using a grid, the dose of the radiation should be reduced
c. The grid filters the scatter radiation
d. The grid contains small lead strips standing vertically or in an angle facing toward the x-ray tube.
Using a grid, the dose of the radiation should be reduced
Which statement is false? The scattered beam..
a. Is negligible concerning radiation safety of the staff
b. Originates from the patients body
c. Is disadvantageous concerning the quality of the radiograph
d. Is less intense than the primary beam
is negligible concerning radiation safety of the staff
Which statement is false? The x-ray beam is
a. invisible
b. makes chemical changes in photoemulsions
c. produces light flash in fluorescent materials
d. penetrates bodies without losing energy
Penetrates bodies without losing energy
What material doesn’t belong to the basic radiographic opacities?
a. metal
b. wood
c. stone
d. gas
Wood
With the use of a grid, we can…
a. reduce the radiation exposure
b. improve the image contrast
c. improve the image sharpness
d. reduce the exposure time
Improve image contrast
Which statement is incorrect? X-ray..
a. ionizing radiation.
b. electromagnetic radiation.
c. travels at the speed of light.
d. consists of charged particles.
consists of charged particles
What is not a normal component in the digital radiographic technology?
a. x-ray tube
b. intensifying screen
c. grid
d. collimator
intensifying screen
The attenuation of the X-ray beam does not depend on which parameter?
a. atomic number
b. object thickness
c. physical density
d. optical density
optical density
Which component is different in conventional & digital radiography?
a. x-ray tube
b. generator
c. grid
d. detector
Detector
What is the main source of radiation exposure of the personnel?
a. leaking radiation from the x-ray tube
b. the primary beam
c. the secondary beam originating from the patient
d. none of them
Secondary beam originating from the patient
Which statement is false?
a. bones are more radiolucent than metals
b. fat is more radiopaque than fluids
c. gas is more radiolucent than fat
d. fluids and soft tissues have the same opacity
Fat is more radiopaque than fluids
The cause of an unsharp x-ray cannot be?
a. motion
b. increased distance between the object and the detector
c. low kV
d. high mAs
Increased distance between the object and the detector
Which statement is true regarding the radiographic image?
a. The distortion is less on the periphery.
b. Distortion can be prevented by centralization.
c. Objects look smaller on radiograph then their real size.
d. Unsharpness may come only from motion.
Distortion can be prevented by centralisation
Which statement is true?
a. Image acquisition is faster in CR, than in DR systems
b. CR systems are cheaper, than DR systems
c. In the DR systems the cassette contains a PSP plate
d. A reader or scanner is a normal component of a DR system
CR systems are cheaper than DR systems
Which exposure factor could be used in small animal radiography?
a. 8 mAs
b. 100 mAs
c. 0,8 mAs
d. 800 mAs
8 mAs
Which statement is false?
a. The mAs describes the number of x-ray photons .
b. Higher capacity generators are required to produce longer exposure time .
c. The contrast of the image is mainly based on the mAs .
d. Scatter radiation is mainly based on mAs .
Higher capacity generators are required to produce longer exposure time
Which statement is false in case of a chest radiograph?
a. Longer exposure time is recommended
b. Smaller exposure values are needed compared to and abdominal radiograph of the same diameter
c. The contrast will be higher compared to the abdomen
d. Motion unsharpness is a common problem
Longer exposure time is recommended
Which exposure factors cause the blackening on the detector than 60kV/8mAs?
a. 70 kV/ 16 mAs
b. 50 kV/ 20 mAs
c. 80 kV/ 2 mAs
d. 40 kV/ 10 mAs
80kV/2mAs
Which are not image parameters?
a. density
b. sharpness
c. magnification
d. contrast
Magnification
Which statement is true?
a. the overexposed digital image will be too bright.
b. the overexposed analog image will be too dark.
c. the underexposed analog image will be too dark.
d. the under exposed digital image will be too bright.
the overexposed analog image will be too dark.
Which statement is false?
a. in case of wrong exposure factors the digital image will be motten.
b. The S-value informs you about the exposure .
c. The image can be motten both in over- and underexposed cases
d. Digital systems require much higher doses than analog systems .
Digital systems require much higher doses than analogue systems
Which statement is true?
a. You don’t have to use grid for the chest .
b. You don’t have to use grid about 10 centimeter object thickness .
c. The use of the grid is often not required in digital systems .
d. The create improves the image sharpness
The crate improves the image sharpness
The opacity of which organ differs from the others ?
a. Urinary bladder
b. Gallbladder
c. Trachea.
d. Heart
Trachea
What is not a form of protection against ionising radiation?
a. distance
b. shielding
c. dose equivalent
d. time
Dose equivalent
. A personal dose meter…
a. worn on the outer side of protective clothing
b. is obligatory for everybody
c. indicates overexposure with light and sound signal
d. records the effective dose
Records the effective dose
The x-ray beam does not…
a. cause radioactivity
b. ionize matter
c. travel at the speed of light
d. require electric current to generate
Cause radioactivity
In veterinary diagnostic radiology, adverse may include?
a. stochastic effects
b. deterministic effects
c. radiation sickness
d. none
Stochastic effects
An especially sensitive tissue type for ionising radiation is…
a. the skin
b. the bone marrow
c. the nervous sytem
d. none
the bone marrow
In case of deterministic effects
a. severity is proportionate to dose
b. there is no threshold
c. the typical unit of measure is Sievert
d. the most common result is a malignant tumour
Severity is proportionate to dose
It is officially safe to put a hand in the primary X-ray beam with
a. lead gloves on
b. with nothing on
c. with a double layer of protective lead on
d. none of the above
None of the above
. Radon
a. is incorporated after inhalation
b. is released from industrial fallout
c. is generated by X-ray
d. is absent in Europe
Is generated by the x-ray
X-ray photons in the body normally are not
a. absorbed
b. reflected
c. scattered
d. transmitted
Transmitted
Why can a structure be more radiopaque than the other?
a. It has the same diameter, but it consists of elements of lower atomic numbers
b. it has the same material. but it’s thinner
c. it consists of elements of higher atomic number and has the same diameter
d. it consists of elements of smaller atomic number and it is thinner
It consists of elements of higher atomic number and has the same diameter
Which statement is false?
a. The canine tooth is located rostral to the tympanic bulla.
b. The patella is located cranial to the fabella.
c. The sternum is located ventral to the heart.
d. The olecranon is located dorsal to the carpus
The olecranon is located dorsal to the carpus
Located PROXIMAL to the carpus
What if the object is not in the centre of the detector plate?
a. The resulting image will be enlarged.
b. The resulting image will be distorted.
c. The resulting image will be unsharp.
d. The resulting image will be overexposed.
The resulting image will be unsharp
Which statement is true?
a. You can’t reach into the primary beam even with lead gloves on.
b. The lead glove protects from the primary beam.
c. If you don’t see the bones of your gloved hand on the radiograph, then no radiation was exposed to your
hand.
d. Only pregnant women can’t reach into the primary beam.
The lead glove protects from the primary beam.
What does “acquisition” mean in digital imaging?
a. The clouding of electrons around the cathode spiral.
b. The scatter of primary beams around the animal’s body.
c. The creation of picture from the electric signal.
d. The equilibrium of exposure factors to optimize the image quality.
The equilibrium of exposure factors to optimize the image quality.
What is not true for DICOM files?
a. They can be inspected with commercial image viewer programs
b. Contain images of TIFF format.
c. The x-ray images have a size of 10-30 megabytes.
d. They contain metadata besides the image.
They can be inspected with commercial image view programs
Which statement is incorrect? Compared to the JPEG image, the DICOM files are?
a. less appropriate for diagnostics.
b. bigger.
c. preferred more by the owner.
d. cannot be inspected with a medical image viewer program.
Preferred more by the owner
A commonly performed contrast study in small animal radiology
a. thoracic cavity infusion
b. pulmonary contrast study
c. laryngeal contrast instillation
d. none of the above
none of the above
A rarely performed contrast study in small animal radiology?
a. thoracic cavity infusion
b. lacrimal duct contrast study
c. laryngeal contrast instillation
d. none of the above
Lacrimal duct contrast study
Myelography is primarily used to diagnose?
a. spinal cord bleeding
b. spinal cord compression
c. spinal cord necrosis
d. brain circularoty disorders
Spinal cord compression
In myelography, a contrast agent is injected into the…
a. epidural
b. subdural
c. subarachnoid
d. spinal
Subarachnoid space
In the study of megaoesophagus, which method is not used?
a. survey radiographs
b. barium sulfate paste swallow
c. carbon-dioxide inflation
d. feeding barium sulfate mixed with pet food
Carbon-dioxide inflation
When is liquid barium sulphate entirely emptied from the stomach following per os administration in a healthy dog?
a. after 1 hour
b. after 4 hours
c. after 12 hours
d. after 24 hours
After 4 hours
Which one of the following retrograde contrast studies is not performed in dogs?
a. positive contrast cystography
b. negative contrast cystography
c. positive contrast urethrography
d. negative contrast urethrography
Negative contrast urethrography
Which statement is false regarding the radiography of intestinal obstructions?
a. the obturating object and the distended proximal intestinal loops may be seen on the radiograph at the same time
b. the obturating object may be seen without secondary X-ray signs on the radiograph
c. in certain cases the radiographic finding may be unremarkable
d. contrast study is used in every case to make the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction
Contrast study is used in every case to make the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction
Which statement is false? In carnivores, the homogenous abdomen…
a. may suggest abdominal effusion
b. is normal in young animals
c. is normal in cachectic animals
d. is normal in obese patients
Is normal in obese patients
May suggest pneumoperitoneum
What contrast medium would you choose for double contrast cystography?
a. iodinated contrast and barium sulfate
b. air and barium sulfate
c. iodinated contrast and air
d. air only
Iodinated contrast & air
Which statement is true? In case of an intestinal obstruction
a. the use of barium sulfate is contraindicated
b. unevenly distended intestinal loops are always visible
c. the radiograph can be completely normal
d. the gas filled stomach is pathognostic
the radiograph can be completely normal
Which contrast can be used to examine the urethra?
a. Liquid BaSO4
b. powder BaSO4
c. organic iodine compound
d. inorganic iodine compound
Organic iodine compound
Which organ can be generally seen on a survey radiograph?
a. pancreas
b. ovars
c. adrenals
d. aorta
Aorta
+Vena cava
Best method to detect the rupture of the ureters is…
a. double contrast cystography
b. excretory urography
c. excretory urethrography
d. retrograde urethrography
Excretory urography
Which statement is true? In small animals…
a. every uroliths are visible on the survey radiograph
b. Urethrography is recommended to confirm cystolithiasis
c. Ectopic ureters can be detected by intravenous urography.
d. The best method to confirm urinary bladder rupture is negative contrast cystography
Ectopic ureters can be detected by intravenous urography (mixed pneumo-cystography)
Negative bronchogram is typical in which pulmonary pattern?
a. nodular pattern
b. alveolar pattern
c. bronchial pattern
d. interstitial pattern
Alveolar pattern
Which contrast medium can be used in the case of a suspected oesophageal perforation?
a. Liquid BaSO4
b. liquid BaSO4 and canned food
c. organic iodine compound
d. inorganic iodine compound l
Organic iodine compound
In case of a tracheal hypoplasia, the diameter of the trachea is less than…
a. the 1/3 of the length of the third rib
b. the 20% of the thoracic inlet
c. the double of the length of the second lumbar vertebra
d. one intercostal space
The 20% of the thoracic inlet
Which of the following is typical for tracheal hypoplasia?
a. the entire trachea is narrower than normal
b. the trachea is narrowed in the thoracic inlet
c. the respiratory phase has an influence on the diameter of the trachea
d. the narrow portion is generally located inside the chest
The entire trachea is narrower than normal
In which condition can we see the tracheal wall separated from neighbouring tissues?
a. pneumothorax
b. pleural effusion
c. pneumomediastinum
d. negative bronchogram
Pneumomediastinum
Which statement is true for the feline oesophagus?
a. The caudal 1/3 on the survey radiograph shows herring bone pattern.
b. The cranial 1/3 on the contrast radiograph shows herring bone pattern.
c. The cranial 1/3 on the survey radiograph shows herring bone pattern.
d. The caudal 1/3 on the contrast radiograph shows herring bone pattern.
The caudal 1/3 on the contrast radiograph shows herring bone pattern
What is the basic structure of the normal pulmonary pattern?
a. Bronchi
b. Pulmonary vessels
c. Alveoli
d. None of them
Pulmonary vessels
???
A vertebral heart scale
a. describes the length of the vertebrae
b. describes the size of the heart
c. can be measured on the VD thoracic radiograph
d. can be measured on the LL lumbar spine radiograph
Describes the size of the heart
Which statement is false for tracheal collapse?
a. Its radiographic appearance is influenced by the respiratory phase.
b. The entire trachea is affected.
c. Its cause is the softening of the tracheal C-cartilage.
d. Toy breeds are affected
The entire trachea is affected
Which statement is true? On a lateral chest radiograph…
a. the left ventricle is located cranioventrally.
b. the left atrium is located caudodorsally
c. the right ventricle is located craniodorsally
d. the right atrium is located caudoventrally
The left atrium is located caudodorsally
Which statement is false? In case of thoracic effusion
a. the opacity of the thorax is increased.
b. the outline of the organs gets sharper.
c. diaphragmatic hernia sometimes cannot be ruled out.
d. type of the fluid cannot be determined.
diaphragmatic hernia sometimes cannot be ruled out
What contrast medium would you use to demonstrate vascular strangulation of the
oesophagus?
a. barium-sulfate
b. inorganic iodine compound
c. air
d. The use of contrast medium is contraindicated
Contrast medium is contraindicated
Barium-sulfate
??
Which is not a pulmonary pattern?
a. Alveolar
b. Fibrous
c. Interstitial
d. Bronchial
Fibrous
Tracheal hypoplasia is common in which breed?
a. Dachshund
b. English bulldog
c. German shepherd
d. Irish setter
English bulldog
Which contrast mediums can he used for the non-perforated oesophagus?
a. barium-sulfate suspension
b. organic iodine
c. both
d. none of them
Both
Which statement is false? When obtaining radiographs of fractures, it is important…
a. to take orthogonal projections.
b. to have the neighboring joints in the picture too.
c. in case of uncertainty take x-ray of the contralateral limb too.
d. always take radiograph of the thorax too.
always take a radiograph of the thorax too
Which statement is correct? In mature healthy carnivores…
a. the cortical layer of the long bones is radiolucent
b. the growth plate is radiolucent
c. the periosteum is not visible in the radiographs
d. the endosteum is visible on the radiographs
The periosteum is not visible in the radiographs
What is the normal anatomy of the long bones?
a. epiphysis ʹ metaphysis ʹ diaphysis ʹ metaphysis ʹ epiphysis
b. metaphysis ʹ diaphysis ʹ epiphysis ʹ diaphysis ʹ metaphysis
c. diaphysis - epiphysis - metaphysis - epiphysis ʹ diaphysis
d. metaphysis - epiphysis - diaphysis - epiphysis ʹ metaphysis
Epiphysis-Metaphysis-Diaphysis-Metaphysis-Epiphysis
Which part of the long bones is radiolucent?
a. cortex
b. subchondral bone
c. growth plate in young animals
d. growth plate in adults
Growth plate in young animals
Which statement is incorrect? The x-ray (is)…
a. ionizing radiation.
b. electromagnetic radiation.
c. travels at the speed of light.
d. consists of charged particles.
Consists of charged particles
The attenuation of the X-ray beam does not depend on which parameter?
a. atomic number
b. object thickness
c. physical density
d. optical density
Optical density
The opacity of which organ differs from the others ?
a. Urinary bladder
b. Gallbladder
c. Trachea.
d. Heart
Trachea
Which statement is false?
a. The canine tooth is located rostral to the tympanic bulla.
b. The patella is located cranial to the fabella.
c. The sternum is located ventral to the heart.
d. The olecranon is located dorsal to the carpus
The olecranon is located dorsal to the carpus
What is the basic structure of the pulmonary pattern?
a. Bronchi
b. Pulmonary vessels
c. Alveoli
d. None of them
None of them
