PQ10 - SAM4 + Obstetrics (sam4=riktig) Flashcards
What is the cause of urine urolithiasis?
Hyperuricosuria
PSS shunt
Chronic liver disease
All 3
All 3
You can diagnose pyelonephritis by… which answer is wrong?
Hemoculture is case of azotaemia
The histological examination of a renal biopsy specimen
Visualizing pelvis dilation with imaging methods and performing urine cultures
The microbiological examination of a renal pelvis puncture
Hemoculture is case of azotaemia
Persistent perineal proteinuria…
Is a typical characteristic of urinary tract infections
Occurs after heavy physical activity
Bence-jones proteins are typical examples for it
Is a typical characteristic of leptospirosis
Bence-jones proteins are typical examples for it
The second most common lower urinary tract disease of dogs?
Prostate diseases
Sterile cystitis
Urolithiasis
Bacterial cystitis
Urolithiasis
CKD treatment includes….. which answer is false?
Renal diet, phosphate binders
ACE-inhibitors, antihypertensive drugs
Erythropoietin inj., potassium supplementation
Diuretics per os
Diuretics PO
Which statement is false? In case of subclinical bacteriuria…
Usually, a predisposing factor for UTI is present;
The urine sediment can be active;
Microbiological examination of urine is positive
AB therapy (amoxicillin) will be prescribed
AB therapy (amoxicillin) will be prescribed
Which mean urination not at the proper place?
Stranguria
Pollakiuria
Dysuria
Periuria
Periuria
What type of proteins are detected with sulfosalicylic acid test?
Albumin and gobulin
Albumin
Globulin
None
Albumin; Globulin
Recommended concomitant with erythropoietin/darbepoetin
A)Subcutaneous infusion, because the side effect of treatment is often dehydration
B)Gastric protection, because the side effect of treatment is often ulcer formation
C)Mirtazapine because the SE of treatment is often anorexia
D)Iron and B12
Iron & B12
Can be accompanied by crystalluria in cats
Idiopathic cystitis
Urolithiasis
Bacterial cystitis
All 3
All 3
What is not a contributing factors concerning UTI?
Incontinence
Corticosteroid therapy
FIC
Fanconi syndrome
Fanconi syndrome
Not an Indication for dialysis treatment?
Anuric acute kidney injury
Polyuric acute kidney injury unresponsive to fluid therapy
Chronic renal failure, renal fibrosis
Removal of toxins in case of acute toxicosis
Polyuric acute kidney injury unresponsive to fluid
therapy
When is it recommended to start erythropoietin/darbepoetin therapy in chronic kidney disease?
If cyanosis is already occurring due to hypoxia
When the hematocrit level drops to 18-20%
Only when clinical signs of hypoxia are already present, not earlier
If the systolic blood pressure is >180mmHg
When the haematocrit level drops to 18-20%
Treatment for pyelonephritis. which answer is wrong?
ACE-inhibitors, omega 3 fatty acids
Puncture and flushing of the renal pelvis
Systemic AB
Fluid therapy
ACE inhibitors, omega 3 fatty acids
Which procedures are not recommended for surgical resolution of prostatic cysts?
Marsupialisation
Omentalisation
Drainage
puncture
puncture
Feline interstitial cystitis (FIC)? Not true?
Antibiotics are useless
Affected cats mostly fed by dry food
Affected cats are mostly outdoor animals
Affected cats are mostly neutered animals
affected cats are mostly outdoor animals
What is true about the progression of CKD?
Hypertension and proteinuria can increase the hyperfiltration of the nephrons
Renal fibrosis is primarily caused by the excessive production of parathormoe
The progression of CKD is generally reversible with specific therapy
The loss of functional nephrons leads to an increase in the glomerular filtration rate
Hypertension and proteinuria can increase the hyperfiltration of the nephrons
Ectopic ureters. which answer is wrong?
Are usually causing constant urine dripping
Are occuring only in females
Can be diagnosed by x-ray or CT-exam
Can be diagnosed with cystoscopy
Are occuring only in females
What is the target organ that isnt damaged by hypertension?
Lungs
Brain
Kidneys
Eyes
Lungs
Define polydipsia in SAM
Dog/Cat: drink over 50ml/bwkg/day
Dog water intake over 80-100ml/bwkg/day, cat water intake over 50mn/bwkg/day
Dog/Cat water intake over 100ml/bwkg/day
Dog water intake over 50ml/bwkg/day, cat water intake over 100ml/bwkg/day
Dog: Water intake >80-100ml/bwkg/day; Cat: Water intake >50ml/bwkg/day
Symptom of renal tubular acidosis?
Metabolic acidosis
Incontinence
Polyuria, polydipsia
Bone development disorders
Metabolic acidosis
Most likely diagnosis in dogs with haematuria?
Urolithiasis
Benignus prostate gland hypertrophy
Bacterial cystitis
Neoplasma
Bacterial cystitis
Choose the correct answer! High-dose maintenance fluid therapy (>100 ml/kg/day) for acute kidney injury
1. It increases diuresis, thus flushes the kidneys faster
2. May cause interstitial edema in the kidneys, that decreases GFR and renal
blood flow
3. Ensures adequate daily fluid intake in anorexic animals
4. In anuria, it ensures that renal function and urine production are restored quickly
May cause interstitial edema in the kidneys, that decreases GFR and renal blood flow
Renal proteinuria can be decreased by…
Renal diet
Antihypertensive drugs
ACE-inhibitors
All 3
All 3
This AB is NOT excreted with the urine thus is NOT a proper treatment for UTI ?
Amoxicillin
Cephalosporins
Rifampicin
Trimetroprim-szulfonamid
Rifampicin
What is most informative for diagnosing ectopic ureters?
Cystoscopy
Double contrast cystography
Intravenous urography pneumocystography
Urinary scintigraphy (TcO4-
Cystoscopy
What i s “V-Y plasty”?
● The correction of Y-U plasty
● The type of Z-plasty
● Tension relieving plastic procedure
Tension-relieving plastic procedure
What does W-plasty mean?
● The correction of Y-U plasty
● The modified type of Y-U plasty
● The modified type of Z-plasty
● Scar correcting plastic procedure
Scar-correcting plastic procedure
Which statement is correct?
● Hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma i s common i s cats
● Hypothyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma i s common i n cats
● Hyperthyroidism cause by thyroid adenocarcinoma i s common i n cats
● Hypothyroidism cause by thyroid adenocarcinoma i s common i n cats
Hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma is common in cats
Which of the following has got the widest i ndication area
● Plastic surgery
● Cosmetic surgery
● Esthetic surgery
● Reconstructive surgery
Reconstructive therapy
What i s the pathognomonic symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome
● Collarette
● Hyperhidrosis
● Angioedema
● Keratin plugs
● Calcinosis cutis
Calcinosis cutis
3 most common causes of polyuria/polydipsia i n cats
● chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyreosis
● Hyperthyreosis, diabetes mellitus, bacterial cystitis
● Bacterial cystitis, diabetes i nsipidus, hyperthyreosis
● Chronic kidney diseases, bacterial cystitis, diabetes mellitus
chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyreosis
What may cause hyperglycemia i n the diabetic patient treated with i nsulin
● Liver failure concurrent Addison’s diseases
● Insulin resistance
● Xylitol-toxicosis
● Neutering the bitch after 2-5 days
Insulin resistance
What i s the target blood glucose level in the diabeteic patient at maximum effect of insulin
● 3-6mmol/l
● 3-6 umol/l
● 4-9umol/l
● 4-9mmol/l
4-9mmol/l
What may cause hypoglycemia i n diabetic patient treated with i nsulin
● Progestagen treatment
● Concurrent diabetes i nsipidus
● Castration of male dog/cat
● Neutering the bitch after 2-5 days
● Stress
● Glucocorticoid therapy
Neutering the bitch after 2-5 days
What i s not a possible consequence of obesity
● Hypertension (dog)
● Type-2 diabetes mellitus (cat)
● Hypokalemia
● Hyperlipidemia
Hypokalemia
Addisons’s disease i n dogs diagnosis
● Na/K>27, Cl- decrease ACTH-stimulation test
● Na/K <27, cl- decrease ACTH stimulation
● Na/k <27, cl- decrease LDDST
● nA/k<27, cl-decrease, LDDST
Na/K < 27; Cl decrease; ACTH-stim. Test
Clinical feature of congenital hyposomatotropism
● Yorkshire terrier, pituitary tumor, l iver failure, alopecia
● German shepherd proportionate dwarfism alopecia
● Great dane , enzyme deficiency, kidney failure
● Beagle, IGF-1 decreases, disproportionate Dwarfism
German shepherd proportionate dwarfism alopecia
Causes of i nsulin resistance
● Progesterone, hypercortisolism, hypersomatotropism
● Hypocalcemia, glucocorticoids, acromegaly
● Cushing syndrome, enalapril, progestagens
● Acromegaly, xylitol, Cushing’s syndrome
● MPA, DOCP, GH
Progesterone, hypercortisolism, hypersomatotropism
Which of the following procedure is the most effective and appropriate one in feline otitis
media
● Hinz-procedure
● Zepp- procedure
● TECA-LBO
● Ventral bulla osteotomy
Ventral bulla osteotomy
Acromegaly: causes
● Dog: pituitary tumor, cat: estrogen treatment, mammary gland tumor, ovarian cyst
● Acquired GH deficiency i n adult
● Congenital GH excess
● Dog: progestagen treatment, Cat: pituitary tumor
Dog: progestagen treatment, Cat: pituitary tumor
Clinical features of congenital Hyposomatotropism?
a. Yorkshire terrier, pituitary tumor, liver failure, alopecia
b. German shepherd, pituitary cysts, proportionate dwarfism, alopecia
c. Great Dane, enzyme deficiency, kidney failure
d. Beagle, IGF-1 ↓ decreases, disproportionate dwarfism
German shepherd; Pituitary cysts Proportionate dwarfism; Alopecia
Hypothyroidism of dogs: symptoms
● Activity decrease, obesity, PD/PU, alopecia, tachycardia, fertility dec
● Activity i nc, obesity, alopecia, thick skin, bradycardia, pp
● Activity dec, obesity, alopecia, thin skin , bradycardia, fertility dec
● Activity dec, weight gain, alopecia, thick skin bradycardia, fertility dec
Activity dec, weight gain, alopecia, thick skin bradycardia, fertility dec
Hyperthyroidism of cats – Therapeutic options
a. Thyroidectomy, 131I IV, methimazole, low iodine diet
b. Parathyroidectomy, 131I IV, methimazole, low iodine diet
c, Thyroidectomy, 99Tc IV, methimazole, low sodium diet
d. Parathyroidectomy, 131I IV, fenbendazole, low iodine diet
Thyroidectomy, 131I IV, methimazole, low iodine diet
Which endocrine disorder is there no PU/PD?
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Alopecia-X
Cushing’s syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Alopecia-X
Hyperthyroidism of cats
- Consequence of thyroiditis, goiter, dyspnoe, dilated cardiomyopathy
- Consequence of thyroid gland tumor, goiter, myxedema, anorexia/cachexia
- Consequence of thyroiditis, aggressivity, panting, sudden blindness due to
hypotension - Thyroid adenoma or hyperplasia, polyphagia, weight loss, myocardial hypertrophy
Thyroid adenoma or hyperplasia, polyphagia, weight l oss, myocardial hypertrophy
Diabetes insipidus. Which is correct?
a. Clinical manifestations: PD/PU, hypersthenuria
b. The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
c. The ADH production of the kidneys is insufficient in the nephrogenic form
d. Diagnosis: modified water deprivation test, ADH-stimulation test
The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
Which factor plays a crucial role in the preoperative determination of surgical
prognosis of adrenalectomy?
- Tumorous involvement of pancreaticoduodenal artery and vein
- Tumorous involvement of phrenicoabdominal artery and vein
- Tumorous involvement of caudal vena cava
- Tumorous involvement of the adrenal cortex
and medulla
Tumorous involvement of the caudal vena cava
Which breed is not predisposed to obesity?
Labrador retriever
Borzoi
Dachshund
Beagle
Borzoi
Addison’s disease i n dogs: causes and pathogensis
● The primary disease is due to autoimmune i nflammation of the adrenal
● Primary: cortisol i nc, aldosterone dec, secondary cortisol i nc, aldosterone <->
● The primary disease i s due to i ncorrect glucocorticoid therapy
● Primary: cortisol dec, aldosterone dec, secondary: cortisol<-> aldosterone dec
Primary: cortisol dec, aldosterone dec, secondary: cortisol<-> aldosterone dec
Which statement is true for diabetes insipidus?
- Partial or complete ADH deficiency
- Failure of the renal tubules to react ADH
- Very common disorder
- In case of water deprivation these patients
are able to concentrate there urine
Partial/complete ADH deficiency
Which breed i s predisposed for Cushing’s syndrome
● Greyhound
● Cocker spaniel
● English bulldog
● Karelian beardog
● Dachshund
Dachshund
Breed predisposed for Addison’s disease
● French bulldog
● Irish setter
● Poodle
● Dachshund
● Beagle
poodle
Hypoadrenocorticism of dogs: clinical manifestation
● Dehydration, K i nc, Ca i nc–>weakness, tremor, shock
● DEHYDRATION, N INC, K dec –>ABDOMINAL PAIN, pu/pd
● dehydration , K i nc, cl- dec–>shock, bradycardia
● vomiting/diarrhea, K i nc, Ca i nc–>shock, tetany
dehydration , K increase, cl- deccrease–>shock, bradycardia
Hypothyroidism of dogs: diagnosis
● Thyroxine dec and TSH i nc, free thyroxine i nc, TGAA-, TRH-stimulation test
● Thyroxine dec and TSG inc, free thyroxine dec, TGAA, TSH-stimulation test
● Thyroxine dec and TSH i nc, free-thryoxine dec, TGAA, acth-stimualtion test
● Thyroxine i nc and TSH i nc, free thyroxine dec, TGAA, ACTH -stimulation test
Thyroxine dec and TSG inc, free thyroxine dec, TGAA, TSH-stimulation test
Which statement i s false? Following neutering…
● Basic metabolic rate i s reduced
● The appetite may increase
● The physical activity may decrease
● The production of the anabolic hormona, melatonin is increased
The production of the anabolic hormona, melatonin is increased
Which of the followings i s the “classic” indication of adrenalectomy?
- Unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused peripheral cushing¨s disease
- Unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused central cushing¨s disease
- Unilateral adrenal medullar adenoma caused peripheral cushing’s disease
- Unilateral adrenal medullar adenoma caused central cushing’s
Unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused peripheral cushing¨s disease
Which disorder does not cause osmotic diuresis?
→ Renal glucosoria
→ Postobstructive diuresis
→ Pyometra
→ Diabetes mellitus
Pyometra
Which statement is correct?
● Hyperthyroidism cause by thyroid adenocarcinoma is common in dogs
● Thyroid adenocarcinoma without hormonal alteration is common in dogs
● Thyroid adenoma without hormonal alteration i s common in dogs
● Hyperthyroidism cause by thyroid adenoma i s common in dogs
Thyroid adenocarcinoma without hormone alteration is common in dogs
Which of the following techniques i s the most tension relieving one?
● Simple i nterrupted
● Cruciate l ocked suture
● tubed/stent suture
Tubed/stent suture
The most i mportant nutritive vessel of the ventral abdominal skin i s
● Caud.supf.epigastric a and v
● Cran.supf.epigastric a. And v
● Deep i liac circumflexa a and v
● Supf. i liac circumflexa a and v
Cranial superficial epigastric artery & vein
Hypoadrenocorticism of dogs: therapy
- Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, later: fludrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt
- Crisis: 0.09% saline, DOCP, hydrocortisone, later: fludrocortisone, prednisolone, salt
- Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, later: DOCD, prednisolone
- Crisis: 0.9% saline, fludrocortisone, later: hydrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt
Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, later: fludrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt
How long does the canine sperm survive inside the uterus?
10-12 days
How many oestrus occurs during one cycle?
1
Oestrogen effect in the male dog - True
It can be caused by testicular Sertoli cell tumour, testicular Leydig cell tumour or
testicular seminoma
Oestrogen effect in the male dog – FALSE
The hormonal effect reduces the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Autoimmune orchitis – TRUE
It can develop because of blood-testicular barrier injury or autoimmune processes; It
can be treated with corticosteroids
Autoimmune orchitis – FALSE
It leads to total infertility
In which cycle phase is it typical: In the vaginal smear, the rate of cornified cells is
higher than 80-90%
oestrous
When do secondary morphological abnormalities develop
None” (Not during spermatogenesis nor in the ripening process)
What does the term “azoospermia” mean?
Lack of spermatozoa in the sperm
What is the shape of a healthy testicle?
Oval with a smooth surface
Which statements are true?
Adenocarcinoma and transient cell carcinoma are the most common forms of prostate
cancer in dogs; Castration reduces the size of the non-neoplastic prostate but dies not
affect the progression of neoplastic processes; Prostate carcinoma in a dog is not an
androgen-dependent tumour
Which statement is false?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia predisposes to malignant prostate tumour
What type of contamination can/do we expect if the sperm is green coloured?
Purulent exudate
In which cycle is it typical? : Small vulva, pink, flat mucosa?
Anoestrous
Which word describes the healthy motion of sperm cells?
Straight
Which factors are involved in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Testosterone levels decrease with age; Increasing oestrogen:testosterone ratio;
Increased 5-alpha-reductase activity in prostate cells
Which factors aren’t involved in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Testosterone levels increase with age
In which cycle phase does the bitch slow receptivity?
oestrous
Which test method cannot be used to examine the prostate?
Inspection
What is typical of epididymitis caused by Brucella canis?
Pathogen can be excreted with the ejaculator for up to 2 years; Bacteriaemia can last
intermittently for up to 64 months (5 years); It is zoonotic
What is not typical of epididymitis caused by Brucella canis?
The pathogen is not present in Europe
What causes pseudoherphrodrodism?
Androgen effect in the early stages of individual development
Mark the correct statement regarding vaginitis
The pathogens that cause vaginitis are most often the constituents of the normal vaginal
flora
Vestibulovaginal stenosis – TRUE
Its formation is characteristic of the area of junction of the Wolffian tube and the
urogenital sinus; This may be formed by an incomplete perforation of the hymen or a
vertical septum; Its formation is characteristic of the area of connection between the
Müllerian tube and the urogenital sinus
Vestibulovaginal stenosis – FALSE
Mild stenosis is still physiological
Where are the following anatomical structures located in the vagina? Ostium urethrae
externum & fossa clitoris
On the ventral wall of the vagina
At what temperature do we store chilled semen?
5 degrees
At what temperature do we store frozen semen?
-196
What is the meaning of “preovulatory luteinisation”?
An increase in plasma progesterone level prior to the LH peak can be observed
Which factors affect the amount of sperm
The size of the dog; Frequency of sperm collection
What is the progesterone value during anoestrous?
< 1ng/ml
Optimally, what is the minimum quantity of spermatozoa in the sperm (in millions)?
300
In which cycle phase is it typical: Slight swollen vulva, the vaginal mucosa is whitish
“dry” and wrinkled
Oestrus
Which of these statements indicates testicular tumour?
Bilateral symmetrical alopecia; Atrophy of the contralateral testicle; Concurrent benign
prostatic hyperplasia
Which of these statements doesn’t indicate testicular tumour?
Changes in the dog’s bark or voice
In which cycle phase is it typical: Small vulva, red vaginal mucosa, rosette-like
appearance
Dioestrous
In which cycle phase can we measure the highest levels of progesterone in case of a
healthy cycle?
Dioestrous
How many fractions does the ejaculation have in dogs?
3
