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SAM Final PQS > PQ10 - SAM4 + Obstetrics (sam4=riktig) > Flashcards

PQ10 - SAM4 + Obstetrics (sam4=riktig) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of urine urolithiasis?

Hyperuricosuria

PSS shunt

Chronic liver disease

All 3

A

All 3

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2
Q

You can diagnose pyelonephritis by… which answer is wrong?

Hemoculture is case of azotaemia

The histological examination of a renal biopsy specimen

Visualizing pelvis dilation with imaging methods and performing urine cultures

The microbiological examination of a renal pelvis puncture

A

Hemoculture is case of azotaemia

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3
Q

Persistent perineal proteinuria…

Is a typical characteristic of urinary tract infections

Occurs after heavy physical activity

Bence-jones proteins are typical examples for it

Is a typical characteristic of leptospirosis

A

Bence-jones proteins are typical examples for it

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4
Q

The second most common lower urinary tract disease of dogs?

Prostate diseases

Sterile cystitis

Urolithiasis

Bacterial cystitis

A

Urolithiasis

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5
Q

CKD treatment includes….. which answer is false?

Renal diet, phosphate binders

ACE-inhibitors, antihypertensive drugs

Erythropoietin inj., potassium supplementation

Diuretics per os

A

Diuretics PO

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6
Q

Which statement is false? In case of subclinical bacteriuria…

Usually, a predisposing factor for UTI is present;

The urine sediment can be active;

Microbiological examination of urine is positive

AB therapy (amoxicillin) will be prescribed

A

AB therapy (amoxicillin) will be prescribed

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7
Q

Which mean urination not at the proper place?

Stranguria

Pollakiuria

Dysuria

Periuria

A

Periuria

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8
Q

What type of proteins are detected with sulfosalicylic acid test?

Albumin and gobulin

Albumin

Globulin

None

A

Albumin; Globulin

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9
Q

Recommended concomitant with erythropoietin/darbepoetin

A)Subcutaneous infusion, because the side effect of treatment is often dehydration

B)Gastric protection, because the side effect of treatment is often ulcer formation

C)Mirtazapine because the SE of treatment is often anorexia

D)Iron and B12

A

Iron & B12

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10
Q

Can be accompanied by crystalluria in cats

Idiopathic cystitis

Urolithiasis

Bacterial cystitis

All 3

A

All 3

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11
Q

What is not a contributing factors concerning UTI?

Incontinence

Corticosteroid therapy

FIC

Fanconi syndrome

A

Fanconi syndrome

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12
Q

Not an Indication for dialysis treatment?

Anuric acute kidney injury

Polyuric acute kidney injury unresponsive to fluid therapy

Chronic renal failure, renal fibrosis

Removal of toxins in case of acute toxicosis

A

Polyuric acute kidney injury unresponsive to fluid

therapy

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13
Q

When is it recommended to start erythropoietin/darbepoetin therapy in chronic kidney disease?

If cyanosis is already occurring due to hypoxia

When the hematocrit level drops to 18-20%

Only when clinical signs of hypoxia are already present, not earlier

If the systolic blood pressure is >180mmHg

A

When the haematocrit level drops to 18-20%

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14
Q

Treatment for pyelonephritis. which answer is wrong?

ACE-inhibitors, omega 3 fatty acids

Puncture and flushing of the renal pelvis

Systemic AB

Fluid therapy

A

ACE inhibitors, omega 3 fatty acids

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15
Q

Which procedures are not recommended for surgical resolution of prostatic cysts?

Marsupialisation

Omentalisation

Drainage

puncture

A

puncture

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16
Q

Feline interstitial cystitis (FIC)? Not true?

Antibiotics are useless

Affected cats mostly fed by dry food

Affected cats are mostly outdoor animals

Affected cats are mostly neutered animals

A

affected cats are mostly outdoor animals

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17
Q

What is true about the progression of CKD?

Hypertension and proteinuria can increase the hyperfiltration of the nephrons

Renal fibrosis is primarily caused by the excessive production of parathormoe

The progression of CKD is generally reversible with specific therapy

The loss of functional nephrons leads to an increase in the glomerular filtration rate

A

Hypertension and proteinuria can increase the hyperfiltration of the nephrons

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18
Q

Ectopic ureters. which answer is wrong?

Are usually causing constant urine dripping

Are occuring only in females

Can be diagnosed by x-ray or CT-exam

Can be diagnosed with cystoscopy

A

Are occuring only in females

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19
Q

What is the target organ that isnt damaged by hypertension?

Lungs

Brain

Kidneys

Eyes

A

Lungs

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20
Q

Define polydipsia in SAM

Dog/Cat: drink over 50ml/bwkg/day

Dog water intake over 80-100ml/bwkg/day, cat water intake over 50mn/bwkg/day

Dog/Cat water intake over 100ml/bwkg/day

Dog water intake over 50ml/bwkg/day, cat water intake over 100ml/bwkg/day

A

Dog: Water intake >80-100ml/bwkg/day; Cat: Water intake >50ml/bwkg/day

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21
Q

Symptom of renal tubular acidosis?

Metabolic acidosis

Incontinence

Polyuria, polydipsia

Bone development disorders

A

Metabolic acidosis

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22
Q

Most likely diagnosis in dogs with haematuria?

Urolithiasis

Benignus prostate gland hypertrophy

Bacterial cystitis

Neoplasma

A

Bacterial cystitis

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23
Q

Choose the correct answer! High-dose maintenance fluid therapy (>100 ml/kg/day) for acute kidney injury
1. It increases diuresis, thus flushes the kidneys faster
2. May cause interstitial edema in the kidneys, that decreases GFR and renal
blood flow
3. Ensures adequate daily fluid intake in anorexic animals
4. In anuria, it ensures that renal function and urine production are restored quickly

A

May cause interstitial edema in the kidneys, that decreases GFR and renal blood flow

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24
Q

Renal proteinuria can be decreased by…

Renal diet

Antihypertensive drugs

ACE-inhibitors

All 3

A

All 3

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25
Q

This AB is NOT excreted with the urine thus is NOT a proper treatment for UTI ?

Amoxicillin

Cephalosporins

Rifampicin

Trimetroprim-szulfonamid

A

Rifampicin

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26
Q

What is most informative for diagnosing ectopic ureters?

Cystoscopy

Double contrast cystography

Intravenous urography pneumocystography

Urinary scintigraphy (TcO4-

A

Cystoscopy

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27
Q

What i s “V-Y plasty”?
● The correction of Y-U plasty
● The type of Z-plasty
● Tension relieving plastic procedure

A

Tension-relieving plastic procedure

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28
Q

What does W-plasty mean?
● The correction of Y-U plasty
● The modified type of Y-U plasty
● The modified type of Z-plasty
● Scar correcting plastic procedure

A

Scar-correcting plastic procedure

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29
Q

Which statement is correct?
● Hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma i s common i s cats
● Hypothyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma i s common i n cats
● Hyperthyroidism cause by thyroid adenocarcinoma i s common i n cats
● Hypothyroidism cause by thyroid adenocarcinoma i s common i n cats

A

Hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma is common in cats

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30
Q

Which of the following has got the widest i ndication area
● Plastic surgery
● Cosmetic surgery
● Esthetic surgery
● Reconstructive surgery

A

Reconstructive therapy

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31
Q

What i s the pathognomonic symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome
● Collarette
● Hyperhidrosis
● Angioedema
● Keratin plugs
● Calcinosis cutis

A

Calcinosis cutis

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32
Q

3 most common causes of polyuria/polydipsia i n cats
● chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyreosis
● Hyperthyreosis, diabetes mellitus, bacterial cystitis
● Bacterial cystitis, diabetes i nsipidus, hyperthyreosis
● Chronic kidney diseases, bacterial cystitis, diabetes mellitus

A

chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyreosis

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33
Q

What may cause hyperglycemia i n the diabetic patient treated with i nsulin
● Liver failure concurrent Addison’s diseases
● Insulin resistance
● Xylitol-toxicosis
● Neutering the bitch after 2-5 days

A

Insulin resistance

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34
Q

What i s the target blood glucose level in the diabeteic patient at maximum effect of insulin
● 3-6mmol/l
● 3-6 umol/l
● 4-9umol/l
● 4-9mmol/l

A

4-9mmol/l

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35
Q

What may cause hypoglycemia i n diabetic patient treated with i nsulin
● Progestagen treatment
● Concurrent diabetes i nsipidus
● Castration of male dog/cat
● Neutering the bitch after 2-5 days
● Stress
● Glucocorticoid therapy

A

Neutering the bitch after 2-5 days

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36
Q

What i s not a possible consequence of obesity
● Hypertension (dog)
● Type-2 diabetes mellitus (cat)
● Hypokalemia
● Hyperlipidemia

A

Hypokalemia

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37
Q

Addisons’s disease i n dogs diagnosis
● Na/K>27, Cl- decrease ACTH-stimulation test
● Na/K <27, cl- decrease ACTH stimulation
● Na/k <27, cl- decrease LDDST
● nA/k<27, cl-decrease, LDDST

A

Na/K < 27; Cl decrease; ACTH-stim. Test

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38
Q

Clinical feature of congenital hyposomatotropism
● Yorkshire terrier, pituitary tumor, l iver failure, alopecia
● German shepherd proportionate dwarfism alopecia
● Great dane , enzyme deficiency, kidney failure
● Beagle, IGF-1 decreases, disproportionate Dwarfism

A

German shepherd proportionate dwarfism alopecia

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39
Q

Causes of i nsulin resistance
● Progesterone, hypercortisolism, hypersomatotropism
● Hypocalcemia, glucocorticoids, acromegaly
● Cushing syndrome, enalapril, progestagens
● Acromegaly, xylitol, Cushing’s syndrome
● MPA, DOCP, GH

A

Progesterone, hypercortisolism, hypersomatotropism

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40
Q

Which of the following procedure is the most effective and appropriate one in feline otitis
media
● Hinz-procedure
● Zepp- procedure
● TECA-LBO
● Ventral bulla osteotomy

A

Ventral bulla osteotomy

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41
Q

Acromegaly: causes
● Dog: pituitary tumor, cat: estrogen treatment, mammary gland tumor, ovarian cyst
● Acquired GH deficiency i n adult
● Congenital GH excess
● Dog: progestagen treatment, Cat: pituitary tumor

A

Dog: progestagen treatment, Cat: pituitary tumor

42
Q

Clinical features of congenital Hyposomatotropism?

a. Yorkshire terrier, pituitary tumor, liver failure, alopecia
b. German shepherd, pituitary cysts, proportionate dwarfism, alopecia
c. Great Dane, enzyme deficiency, kidney failure
d. Beagle, IGF-1 ↓ decreases, disproportionate dwarfism

A

German shepherd; Pituitary cysts Proportionate dwarfism; Alopecia

43
Q

Hypothyroidism of dogs: symptoms
● Activity decrease, obesity, PD/PU, alopecia, tachycardia, fertility dec
● Activity i nc, obesity, alopecia, thick skin, bradycardia, pp
● Activity dec, obesity, alopecia, thin skin , bradycardia, fertility dec
● Activity dec, weight gain, alopecia, thick skin bradycardia, fertility dec

A

Activity dec, weight gain, alopecia, thick skin bradycardia, fertility dec

44
Q

Hyperthyroidism of cats – Therapeutic options

a. Thyroidectomy, 131I IV, methimazole, low iodine diet
b. Parathyroidectomy, 131I IV, methimazole, low iodine diet

c, Thyroidectomy, 99Tc IV, methimazole, low sodium diet

d. Parathyroidectomy, 131I IV, fenbendazole, low iodine diet

A

Thyroidectomy, 131I IV, methimazole, low iodine diet

45
Q

Which endocrine disorder is there no PU/PD?

Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Alopecia-X
Cushing’s syndrome
Hyperthyroidism

A

Alopecia-X

46
Q

Hyperthyroidism of cats

  • Consequence of thyroiditis, goiter, dyspnoe, dilated cardiomyopathy
  • Consequence of thyroid gland tumor, goiter, myxedema, anorexia/cachexia
  • Consequence of thyroiditis, aggressivity, panting, sudden blindness due to
    hypotension
  • Thyroid adenoma or hyperplasia, polyphagia, weight loss, myocardial hypertrophy
A

Thyroid adenoma or hyperplasia, polyphagia, weight l oss, myocardial hypertrophy

47
Q

Diabetes insipidus. Which is correct?

a. Clinical manifestations: PD/PU, hypersthenuria
b. The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
c. The ADH production of the kidneys is insufficient in the nephrogenic form
d. Diagnosis: modified water deprivation test, ADH-stimulation test

A

The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin

48
Q

Which factor plays a crucial role in the preoperative determination of surgical

prognosis of adrenalectomy?

  • Tumorous involvement of pancreaticoduodenal artery and vein
  • Tumorous involvement of phrenicoabdominal artery and vein
  • Tumorous involvement of caudal vena cava
  • Tumorous involvement of the adrenal cortex
    and medulla
A

Tumorous involvement of the caudal vena cava

49
Q

Which breed is not predisposed to obesity?

Labrador retriever
Borzoi
Dachshund
Beagle

A

Borzoi

50
Q

Addison’s disease i n dogs: causes and pathogensis
● The primary disease is due to autoimmune i nflammation of the adrenal
● Primary: cortisol i nc, aldosterone dec, secondary cortisol i nc, aldosterone <->
● The primary disease i s due to i ncorrect glucocorticoid therapy
● Primary: cortisol dec, aldosterone dec, secondary: cortisol<-> aldosterone dec

A

Primary: cortisol dec, aldosterone dec, secondary: cortisol<-> aldosterone dec

51
Q

Which statement is true for diabetes insipidus?

  • Partial or complete ADH deficiency
  • Failure of the renal tubules to react ADH
  • Very common disorder
  • In case of water deprivation these patients
    are able to concentrate there urine
A

Partial/complete ADH deficiency

52
Q

Which breed i s predisposed for Cushing’s syndrome
● Greyhound
● Cocker spaniel
● English bulldog
● Karelian beardog
● Dachshund

A

Dachshund

53
Q

Breed predisposed for Addison’s disease
● French bulldog
● Irish setter
● Poodle
● Dachshund
● Beagle

A

poodle

54
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism of dogs: clinical manifestation
● Dehydration, K i nc, Ca i nc–>weakness, tremor, shock
● DEHYDRATION, N INC, K dec –>ABDOMINAL PAIN, pu/pd
● dehydration , K i nc, cl- dec–>shock, bradycardia
● vomiting/diarrhea, K i nc, Ca i nc–>shock, tetany

A

dehydration , K increase, cl- deccrease–>shock, bradycardia

55
Q

Hypothyroidism of dogs: diagnosis
● Thyroxine dec and TSH i nc, free thyroxine i nc, TGAA-, TRH-stimulation test
● Thyroxine dec and TSG inc, free thyroxine dec, TGAA, TSH-stimulation test
● Thyroxine dec and TSH i nc, free-thryoxine dec, TGAA, acth-stimualtion test
● Thyroxine i nc and TSH i nc, free thyroxine dec, TGAA, ACTH -stimulation test

A

Thyroxine dec and TSG inc, free thyroxine dec, TGAA, TSH-stimulation test

56
Q

Which statement i s false? Following neutering…
● Basic metabolic rate i s reduced
● The appetite may increase
● The physical activity may decrease
● The production of the anabolic hormona, melatonin is increased

A

The production of the anabolic hormona, melatonin is increased

57
Q

Which of the followings i s the “classic” indication of adrenalectomy?
- Unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused peripheral cushing¨s disease
- Unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused central cushing¨s disease
- Unilateral adrenal medullar adenoma caused peripheral cushing’s disease
- Unilateral adrenal medullar adenoma caused central cushing’s

A

Unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused peripheral cushing¨s disease

58
Q

Which disorder does not cause osmotic diuresis?
→ Renal glucosoria
→ Postobstructive diuresis
→ Pyometra
→ Diabetes mellitus

A

Pyometra

59
Q

Which statement is correct?
● Hyperthyroidism cause by thyroid adenocarcinoma is common in dogs
● Thyroid adenocarcinoma without hormonal alteration is common in dogs
● Thyroid adenoma without hormonal alteration i s common in dogs
● Hyperthyroidism cause by thyroid adenoma i s common in dogs

A

Thyroid adenocarcinoma without hormone alteration is common in dogs

60
Q

Which of the following techniques i s the most tension relieving one?
● Simple i nterrupted
● Cruciate l ocked suture
● tubed/stent suture

A

Tubed/stent suture

61
Q

The most i mportant nutritive vessel of the ventral abdominal skin i s
● Caud.supf.epigastric a and v
● Cran.supf.epigastric a. And v
● Deep i liac circumflexa a and v
● Supf. i liac circumflexa a and v

A

Cranial superficial epigastric artery & vein

62
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism of dogs: therapy

  • Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, later: fludrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt
  • Crisis: 0.09% saline, DOCP, hydrocortisone, later: fludrocortisone, prednisolone, salt
  • Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, later: DOCD, prednisolone
  • Crisis: 0.9% saline, fludrocortisone, later: hydrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt
A

Crisis: 0.9% saline, hydrocortisone, later: fludrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone, salt

63
Q

How long does the canine sperm survive inside the uterus?

A

10-12 days

64
Q

How many oestrus occurs during one cycle?

A

1

65
Q

Oestrogen effect in the male dog - True

A

It can be caused by testicular Sertoli cell tumour, testicular Leydig cell tumour or

testicular seminoma

66
Q

Oestrogen effect in the male dog – FALSE

A

The hormonal effect reduces the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia

67
Q

Autoimmune orchitis – TRUE

A

It can develop because of blood-testicular barrier injury or autoimmune processes; It

can be treated with corticosteroids

68
Q

Autoimmune orchitis – FALSE

A

It leads to total infertility

69
Q

In which cycle phase is it typical: In the vaginal smear, the rate of cornified cells is

higher than 80-90%

A

oestrous

70
Q

When do secondary morphological abnormalities develop

A

None” (Not during spermatogenesis nor in the ripening process)

71
Q

What does the term “azoospermia” mean?

A

Lack of spermatozoa in the sperm

72
Q

What is the shape of a healthy testicle?

A

Oval with a smooth surface

73
Q

Which statements are true?

A

Adenocarcinoma and transient cell carcinoma are the most common forms of prostate

cancer in dogs; Castration reduces the size of the non-neoplastic prostate but dies not

affect the progression of neoplastic processes; Prostate carcinoma in a dog is not an

androgen-dependent tumour

74
Q

Which statement is false?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia predisposes to malignant prostate tumour

75
Q

What type of contamination can/do we expect if the sperm is green coloured?

A

Purulent exudate

76
Q

In which cycle is it typical? : Small vulva, pink, flat mucosa?

A

Anoestrous

77
Q

Which word describes the healthy motion of sperm cells?

A

Straight

78
Q

Which factors are involved in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Testosterone levels decrease with age; Increasing oestrogen:testosterone ratio;

Increased 5-alpha-reductase activity in prostate cells

79
Q

Which factors aren’t involved in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Testosterone levels increase with age

80
Q

In which cycle phase does the bitch slow receptivity?

A

oestrous

81
Q

Which test method cannot be used to examine the prostate?

A

Inspection

82
Q

What is typical of epididymitis caused by Brucella canis?

A

Pathogen can be excreted with the ejaculator for up to 2 years; Bacteriaemia can last

intermittently for up to 64 months (5 years); It is zoonotic

83
Q

What is not typical of epididymitis caused by Brucella canis?

A

The pathogen is not present in Europe

84
Q

What causes pseudoherphrodrodism?

A

Androgen effect in the early stages of individual development

85
Q

Mark the correct statement regarding vaginitis

A

The pathogens that cause vaginitis are most often the constituents of the normal vaginal

flora

86
Q

Vestibulovaginal stenosis – TRUE

A

Its formation is characteristic of the area of junction of the Wolffian tube and the

urogenital sinus; This may be formed by an incomplete perforation of the hymen or a

vertical septum; Its formation is characteristic of the area of connection between the

Müllerian tube and the urogenital sinus

87
Q

Vestibulovaginal stenosis – FALSE

A

Mild stenosis is still physiological

88
Q

Where are the following anatomical structures located in the vagina? Ostium urethrae

externum & fossa clitoris

A

On the ventral wall of the vagina

89
Q

At what temperature do we store chilled semen?

A

5 degrees

90
Q

At what temperature do we store frozen semen?

A

-196

91
Q

What is the meaning of “preovulatory luteinisation”?

A

An increase in plasma progesterone level prior to the LH peak can be observed

92
Q

Which factors affect the amount of sperm

A

The size of the dog; Frequency of sperm collection

93
Q

What is the progesterone value during anoestrous?

A

< 1ng/ml

94
Q

Optimally, what is the minimum quantity of spermatozoa in the sperm (in millions)?

A

300

95
Q

In which cycle phase is it typical: Slight swollen vulva, the vaginal mucosa is whitish

“dry” and wrinkled

A

Oestrus

96
Q

Which of these statements indicates testicular tumour?

A

Bilateral symmetrical alopecia; Atrophy of the contralateral testicle; Concurrent benign

prostatic hyperplasia

97
Q

Which of these statements doesn’t indicate testicular tumour?

A

Changes in the dog’s bark or voice

98
Q

In which cycle phase is it typical: Small vulva, red vaginal mucosa, rosette-like

appearance

A

Dioestrous

99
Q

In which cycle phase can we measure the highest levels of progesterone in case of a

healthy cycle?

A

Dioestrous

100
Q

How many fractions does the ejaculation have in dogs?

A

3

SAM Final PQS (18 decks)

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