Salisbury Flashcards
Increased bronchospastic mediators (histamine, Leukotriene D4, and prostaglandin D4)
Asthma
Increased #s inflammatory cells (neutrophils, macrophages, CTLs)
COPD
Deficiency in alpha1-proteinase inhibitor
COPD
Nasal epithelium inflammation. IgE mediated activation of mast cells and basophils. Histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes mediators of inflammation
Allergic rhinitis
Oral dose much higher relative to inhaled dose for same effect. Ratio?
20:1
Stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors > ^ cAMP > activating PKA > bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
Adrenergic agonist
Quick relief during asthma attack. Onset of action 1-5 mins. Duration of action 4-6 hrs
SABA
Asthma prophylaxis and COPD. Duration of action longer than 12 hrs
LABA
Salmeterol and formoterol
LABA
Longer duration of action and indicated for COPD
Indacaterol
Extended lipophilic side chain on _______ leads to longer duration of action than albuterol
LABA
Albuterol, terbutaline, pirbuterol, and metaproterenol
SABA
Not effective for COPD
SABA
Not to be used several times a day and overuse indicates need for more anti-inflammatory therapy
SABA
Tolerance could be due to beta2-receptor down regulation
SABA
Causes tremor. More likely with higher doses
SABA
Potent bronchodilator. Inhaled and oral. Used during acute asthma attack. Inhalation/sublingual forms no longer available in US. Non-selective SABA
Isoproterenol
Non-selective alpha and beta agonist. Potent bronchodilator. Used for acute asthma attack
Epi
Salmeterol, formoterol, and Indacaterol
LABA
Effective for asthma and COPD
LABA
Increased inflammatory cells (mast cells, eosinophils, Th2 cells)
Asthma
