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sacrum pelvis hip Flashcards

1
Q

what does the cremaster connect to and surround

A

connected to internal oblique

surrounds each testicle

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2
Q

what does the cremaster do

A

contracts to raise or lower testicles
raising them up towards body warms them up, lowering does the opposite

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3
Q

what does the dartos surround and what does it do

A

penis, foreskin, scrotum

contracts to wrinkle the scrotal skin to reduce heat loss

relaxing does the opposite

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4
Q

what are the external rotators of hip (6)

A

piriformis
superior gemellus
inferior gemellus
obturator externus
obturator internus
quadratus femoris

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5
Q

action of glut max

A

extends and LATERALLY rotates hip

upper fibres= abduction
lower fibres = adduction

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6
Q

action of glut med

A

ABDUCTION
ant fibres: med rotate
post. fibres: lat rotate

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7
Q

action of glut min

A

ABDUCTION & medial rotation of hip

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8
Q

which two glut’s medially rotate

A

min and med

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9
Q

male vs female pelvis purposes

A

male = strength and stability

female= childbirth and mobility

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10
Q

with posterior pelvic tilt what muscles are tight vs weak

A

TIGHT
abdominals
hamstrings
glut max

WEAK
erector spinae
hip flexors (psoas’, iliacus)

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11
Q

anterior pelvic tilt tight vs weak muscles

A

TIGHT
erector spinae
hip flexors
quadriceps

WEAK
hamstrings
glutes
abdominals

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12
Q

1what is the lumbopelvic rhythm

A
  1. bending forward starts from head and upper trunk - pelvis moves posteriorly
  2. first 45 degrees of flexion = extensor muscles contracting to maintain eccentric stabilization while posterior ligaments become taut and facet joints come together
  3. when vertebral segments are at full range, pelvis rotates forward (anterior tilt) glute and hammies control this movement, continues to move forward until muscles are at full length
  4. final range of motion depends on extensors and hip extensor flexibility
  5. to return upright, hip extensor muscles rotate pelvis posteriorly and back extensors extend, beginning in lumbar region and working superiorly
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13
Q

in lumbopelvic rhythm what happens in the begin to bend forward stage (1)

A

starts from head and upper trunk

pelvis moves posteriorly to keep COG

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14
Q

in lumbopelvic rhythm what happens in the first 45 degrees of forward flexion (2)

A

extensor muscles contract to maintain eccentric stabilization

posterior ligaments become taut and facet joints come together

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15
Q

in lumbopelvic rhythm what happens when the vertebral segments are at full range (3)

A

supported by posterior ligaments and facet joints

pelvis rotates anteriorly

glutes and hamstrings control this movement

pelvis rotates forward until muscle’s are at full length

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16
Q

in lumbopelvic rhythm what happens in the final range of motion (4)

A

depends on flexibility of extensors and hip extensors

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17
Q

in lumbopelvic rhythm what happens when returning to upright position (5)

A

hip extensor (glute max, hamstrings) muscles rotate pelvis posteriorly

back extensors extend spine

beginning at lumbar and working superiorly

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18
Q

what is the lumbopelvic rhythm a combined movement of

A

lumbar spine and pelvis when bending forward

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19
Q

in nutation what does the ASIS do

A

flare inwards

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20
Q

where is lesser sciatic notch

A

ischium

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21
Q

what bones do the greater sciatic notch connect

A

ilium and ischium

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22
Q

what is the obturator foramen formed by

A

pubic bone and ischium

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23
Q

what divides the greater and lesser sciatic notch

A

ischial spine

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24
Q

what is genu varum

A

outward bowing

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25
Q

what is genu valgum

A

inward bowing

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26
Q

what is genu recurvatum

A

knee hyperextension
excessive extension

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27
Q

what is the Q angle

A

line drawn from ASIS through center of patella

another line drawn from center of patella to center of tibial tuberosity

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28
Q

what does the Q respresent in Q angle

A

pull of quadriceps

womens is 4.5 degrees larger

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29
Q

3 main hip joint bursas

A

trochanteric
ischial
gluteofemoral

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30
Q

acetabulofemoral degrees of adduction and abduction

A

abduction 30-50
adduction 30

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31
Q

acetabulofemoral hip degrees of flexion and extension

A

flexion - 110-120
ext- 10-15

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32
Q

acetabulofemoral hip degrees med and lat rotation

A

med = 30-40
lat = 40-60

33
Q

Acetabulofemoral joint type

A

synovial
diarthrosis

BALL AND SOCKET
TRIAXIAL

34
Q

Acetabulofemoral joint surfaces

A

head of femur

lunate surface of acetabulum on labrum

35
Q

pubic joint type and movement

A

cartilaginous
symphysis
amphiarthrosis
uniaxial

gliding - very little motion

36
Q

O & I GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

A

posterior gluteal line of ilium
posterior surface of lower sacrum
side of coccyx
sacrotuberous ligament

–>
superior fibers into IT, TFL
inferior fibers into gluteal tuberosity of femur

37
Q

Gluteus medius

A

external surface of ilium between iliac crest and posterior gluteal line and anterior gluteal line

oblique ridge on lateral side of greater trochanter

38
Q

gluteus minimus

A

external surface ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal lines

anterior border greater trochanter

39
Q

name the anterior ligaments (7)

A I AS I

A

ALL
iliolumbar
anterior sacroiliac
inguinal

obturator membrane
iliofemoral
pubic

40
Q

name the posterior ligaments (4)

A

posterior sacroiliac
interosseous sacroiliac
sacrotuberous (sacrum to ischium)
sacrospinous

41
Q

Pubic joint artic surfaces

A

symphyseal surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage of 2 pubic bones w fibrocartilaginous disc between

42
Q

pubic bone ligaments***

A

superior pubic
inferior pubic

43
Q

Sacrococcygeal joint type / movement

A

cartilaginous
symphysis
amphiarthrosis
uniaxial

sm amt of flx/ext

44
Q

Sacrococcygeal joint artic.surfaces

A

inferior apex of sacrum
superior base of coccyx

45
Q

what happens in NUTATION

A

pelvis collapses in, pelvic outlet moves out, ischial tuberosities move apart

BASE OF SACRUM MOVES INFERIORLY AND ANTERIORLY

PELVIC OUTLET ENLARGES

ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES SEPARATE

SYMPHYSIS PUBIS APPROXIMATES

ILIAC CRESTS APPROXIMATE

PSIS SEPARATES

ASIS FLARES IN

46
Q

what does FISH stand for

A

FIBROCARTILAGE onto ILIUM surface

SACRUM with HYALINE

47
Q

What are the crests on the SACRUM base

A

intermediate, median(1), lateral SACRAL CRESTS

48
Q

what comes through the anterior sacral foramina

A

ventral rami spinal nerves come through

49
Q

what passes through the posterior sacral foramina

A

dorsal rami spinal nerve roots

50
Q

where is the sacral hiatus found

A

inferiorly and posteriorly

S5, coccyx nerves come through

51
Q

is the base at the top or bottom of coccyx

A

top - articular facets on top

52
Q

what bones are part of the os coxae

A

ilium, ischium , pubis

53
Q

what bones make up the obturator foramen

A

ischium
pubis

54
Q

what makes up the iliac crest

A

inner lip
intermediate zone
outer lip
tuberculum

55
Q

3 things in the ilium

A

ala
iliac crest
iliac tuberosity

56
Q

what separates the greater and lower sciatic notch

A

ischial spine

57
Q

what structure does the femoral head go into

A

acetabulum

58
Q

what is the triradiate cartilage

A

a Y shaped epiphyseal plate that forms the acetabulum at the junction of the ischium, ilium, pubis

fuses at 12-13 in females
14-15 in males

59
Q

what forms the iliopectineal line

A

arcuate line of ilium

pectineal line of pubic bone

60
Q

what bones make up the greater sciatic notch

A

ilium and ischium

61
Q

PIRIFORMIS O’s and I’s

A

pelvic surface of sacrum close to S1-S4 sacral foramina

superior border of greater trochanter

external rotation of hip

nerve to piriformis

62
Q

SUPERIOR GEMELLUS

A

external surface of spine of ischium

medial surface greater trochanter

external rotation of hip

nerve to obturator internus

63
Q

INFERIOR GEMELLUS

A

proximal tuberosity of ischium

medial surface greater trochanter

external rotation of hip

nerve to quadratus femoris

64
Q

obturator externus

A

rami of pubis and ischium

trochanteric fossa of femur

obturator nerve

65
Q

QUADRATUS FEMORIS

A

proximal part of lateral border of tuberosity of ischium

proximal part of quadrate line

nerve to quadratus femoris

66
Q

name the 3 gluteal lines on the ilium

A

anterior, posterior, inferior

67
Q

articulation of SI joint

A

c shaped auricular surface of
fibrocartilage on ilium and sacrum hyaline cartilage

68
Q

what type of movement does the SI joint do

A

nutation and counter nutation

69
Q

what 2 structures does the sacrospinous ligaments attach

A

sacrum to ischium spinew

70
Q

what two structures does the sacrotuberous ligament connect

A

sacrum to ischial tuberosity

71
Q

abnormal end feels of hip joint

A

bony and late myospasm

72
Q

name 7 anterior hip ligaments

A

iliolumbar
ALL
inguinal
obturator membrane
iliofemoral capsule
pubic

73
Q

what muscles are tight with anterior pelvic tilt

A

erectors
hip flexors
quads

74
Q

what muscles are weak with anterior pelvic tilt

A

hamstrings
glutes
abdominals

75
Q

what 2 muscles insert on the medial surface of the greater trochanter

A

superior and inferior gemellus

76
Q

which way does the sacral base move in counternutation

A

superiorly and posteriorly

77
Q

does counter nutation enlarge the inlet or outlet

78
Q

does the pubic symphysis separate in counter nutation

MSA II (20 decks)

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