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sacrum pelvis hip Flashcards

1
Q

what does the cremaster connect to and surround

A

connected to internal oblique

surrounds each testicle

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2
Q

what does the cremaster do

A

contracts to raise or lower testicles
raising them up towards body warms them up, lowering does the opposite

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3
Q

what does the dartos surround and what does it do

A

penis, foreskin, scrotum

contracts to wrinkle the scrotal skin to reduce heat loss

relaxing does the opposite

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4
Q

what are the external rotators of hip (6)

A

piriformis
superior gemellus
inferior gemellus
obturator externus
obturator internus
quadratus femoris

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5
Q

action of glut max

A

extends and LATERALLY rotates hip

upper fibres= abduction
lower fibres = adduction

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6
Q

action of glut med

A

ABDUCTION
ant fibres: med rotate
post. fibres: lat rotate

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7
Q

action of glut min

A

ABDUCTION & medial rotation of hip

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8
Q

which two glut’s medially rotate

A

min and med

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9
Q

male vs female pelvis purposes

A

male = strength and stability

female= childbirth and mobility

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10
Q

with posterior pelvic tilt what muscles are tight vs weak

A

TIGHT
abdominals
hamstrings
glut max

WEAK
erector spinae
hip flexors (psoas’, iliacus)

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11
Q

anterior pelvic tilt tight vs weak muscles

A

TIGHT
erector spinae
hip flexors
quadriceps

WEAK
hamstrings
glutes
abdominals

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12
Q

1what is the lumbopelvic rhythm

A
  1. bending forward starts from head and upper trunk - pelvis moves posteriorly
  2. first 45 degrees of flexion = extensor muscles contracting to maintain eccentric stabilization while posterior ligaments become taut and facet joints come together
  3. when vertebral segments are at full range, pelvis rotates forward (anterior tilt) glute and hammies control this movement, continues to move forward until muscles are at full length
  4. final range of motion depends on extensors and hip extensor flexibility
  5. to return upright, hip extensor muscles rotate pelvis posteriorly and back extensors extend, beginning in lumbar region and working superiorly
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13
Q

in lumbopelvic rhythm what happens in the begin to bend forward stage (1)

A

starts from head and upper trunk

pelvis moves posteriorly to keep COG

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14
Q

in lumbopelvic rhythm what happens in the first 45 degrees of forward flexion (2)

A

extensor muscles contract to maintain eccentric stabilization

posterior ligaments become taut and facet joints come together

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15
Q

in lumbopelvic rhythm what happens when the vertebral segments are at full range (3)

A

supported by posterior ligaments and facet joints

pelvis rotates anteriorly

glutes and hamstrings control this movement

pelvis rotates forward until muscle’s are at full length

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16
Q

in lumbopelvic rhythm what happens in the final range of motion (4)

A

depends on flexibility of extensors and hip extensors

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17
Q

in lumbopelvic rhythm what happens when returning to upright position (5)

A

hip extensor (glute max, hamstrings) muscles rotate pelvis posteriorly

back extensors extend spine

beginning at lumbar and working superiorly

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18
Q

what is the lumbopelvic rhythm a combined movement of

A

lumbar spine and pelvis when bending forward

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19
Q

in nutation what does the ASIS do

A

flare inwards

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20
Q

where is lesser sciatic notch

A

ischium

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21
Q

what bones do the greater sciatic notch connect

A

ilium and ischium

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22
Q

what is the obturator foramen formed by

A

pubic bone and ischium

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23
Q

what divides the greater and lesser sciatic notch

A

ischial spine

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24
Q

what is genu varum

A

outward bowing

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25
what is genu valgum
inward bowing
26
what is genu recurvatum
knee hyperextension excessive extension
27
what is the Q angle
line drawn from ASIS through center of patella another line drawn from center of patella to center of tibial tuberosity
28
what does the Q respresent in Q angle
pull of quadriceps womens is 4.5 degrees larger
29
3 main hip joint bursas
trochanteric ischial gluteofemoral
30
acetabulofemoral degrees of adduction and abduction
abduction 30-50 adduction 30
31
acetabulofemoral hip degrees of flexion and extension
flexion - 110-120 ext- 10-15
32
acetabulofemoral hip degrees med and lat rotation
med = 30-40 lat = 40-60
33
Acetabulofemoral joint type
synovial diarthrosis BALL AND SOCKET TRIAXIAL
34
Acetabulofemoral joint surfaces
head of femur lunate surface of acetabulum on labrum
35
pubic joint type and movement
cartilaginous symphysis amphiarthrosis uniaxial gliding - very little motion
36
O & I GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
posterior gluteal line of ilium posterior surface of lower sacrum side of coccyx sacrotuberous ligament --> superior fibers into IT, TFL inferior fibers into gluteal tuberosity of femur
37
Gluteus medius
external surface of ilium between iliac crest and posterior gluteal line and anterior gluteal line oblique ridge on lateral side of greater trochanter
38
gluteus minimus
external surface ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal lines anterior border greater trochanter
39
name the anterior ligaments (7) A I AS I
ALL iliolumbar anterior sacroiliac inguinal obturator membrane iliofemoral pubic
40
name the posterior ligaments (4)
posterior sacroiliac interosseous sacroiliac sacrotuberous (sacrum to ischium) sacrospinous
41
Pubic joint artic surfaces
symphyseal surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage of 2 pubic bones w fibrocartilaginous disc between
42
pubic bone ligaments***
superior pubic inferior pubic
43
Sacrococcygeal joint type / movement
cartilaginous symphysis amphiarthrosis uniaxial sm amt of flx/ext
44
Sacrococcygeal joint artic.surfaces
inferior apex of sacrum superior base of coccyx
45
what happens in NUTATION
pelvis collapses in, pelvic outlet moves out, ischial tuberosities move apart BASE OF SACRUM MOVES INFERIORLY AND ANTERIORLY PELVIC OUTLET ENLARGES ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES SEPARATE SYMPHYSIS PUBIS APPROXIMATES ILIAC CRESTS APPROXIMATE PSIS SEPARATES ASIS FLARES IN
46
what does FISH stand for
FIBROCARTILAGE onto ILIUM surface SACRUM with HYALINE
47
What are the crests on the SACRUM base
intermediate, median(1), lateral SACRAL CRESTS
48
what comes through the anterior sacral foramina
ventral rami spinal nerves come through
49
what passes through the posterior sacral foramina
dorsal rami spinal nerve roots
50
where is the sacral hiatus found
inferiorly and posteriorly S5, coccyx nerves come through
51
is the base at the top or bottom of coccyx
top - articular facets on top
52
what bones are part of the os coxae
ilium, ischium , pubis
53
what bones make up the obturator foramen
ischium pubis
54
what makes up the iliac crest
inner lip intermediate zone outer lip tuberculum
55
3 things in the ilium
ala iliac crest iliac tuberosity
56
what separates the greater and lower sciatic notch
ischial spine
57
what structure does the femoral head go into
acetabulum
58
what is the triradiate cartilage
a Y shaped epiphyseal plate that forms the acetabulum at the junction of the ischium, ilium, pubis fuses at 12-13 in females 14-15 in males
59
what forms the iliopectineal line
arcuate line of ilium pectineal line of pubic bone
60
what bones make up the greater sciatic notch
ilium and ischium
61
PIRIFORMIS O's and I's
pelvic surface of sacrum close to S1-S4 sacral foramina superior border of greater trochanter external rotation of hip nerve to piriformis
62
SUPERIOR GEMELLUS
external surface of spine of ischium medial surface greater trochanter external rotation of hip nerve to obturator internus
63
INFERIOR GEMELLUS
proximal tuberosity of ischium medial surface greater trochanter external rotation of hip nerve to quadratus femoris
64
obturator externus
rami of pubis and ischium trochanteric fossa of femur obturator nerve
65
QUADRATUS FEMORIS
proximal part of lateral border of tuberosity of ischium proximal part of quadrate line nerve to quadratus femoris
66
name the 3 gluteal lines on the ilium
anterior, posterior, inferior
67
articulation of SI joint
c shaped auricular surface of fibrocartilage on ilium and sacrum hyaline cartilage
68
what type of movement does the SI joint do
nutation and counter nutation
69
what 2 structures does the sacrospinous ligaments attach
sacrum to ischium spinew
70
what two structures does the sacrotuberous ligament connect
sacrum to ischial tuberosity
71
abnormal end feels of hip joint
bony and late myospasm
72
name 7 anterior hip ligaments
iliolumbar ALL inguinal obturator membrane iliofemoral capsule pubic
73
what muscles are tight with anterior pelvic tilt
erectors hip flexors quads
74
what muscles are weak with anterior pelvic tilt
hamstrings glutes abdominals
75
what 2 muscles insert on the medial surface of the greater trochanter
superior and inferior gemellus
76
which way does the sacral base move in counternutation
superiorly and posteriorly
77
does counter nutation enlarge the inlet or outlet
inlet
78
does the pubic symphysis separate in counter nutation
yes

MSA II (20 decks)

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