FINAL EXAM - spine,ribs,trunk Flashcards
where is our center of gravity/ center of mass
anterior of S2
anterior pelvic tilt weak muscles
abs
glutes
hamstrings
what bones make up the greater sciatic notch
ilium
ischium
SI joint type
synovial, diarthrosis, plane
fibrous, syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis
FISH
NUTATION
inferiorly / anteriorly
pelvic outlet enlarges
ischial tubs. seperate
pubic symp approximates
iliac crest approximates
PSIS separates
ASIS flares in
bones serve as levers
joints serve as fulcrums
where is the fulcrum in first class lever
in between effort and load
where is the load in second class lever
in between fulcrum and effort
where is the effort in 3rd class lever
between the fulcrum and load
example of first class lever (seesaw)
atlanto occipital joint
axis = fulcrum
weigh of head = load
neck extensor muscles = effort
example of second class lever
standing on balls of feet - calf raise
MTP joint = axis
body weight = load
calf mm contracting = effort
example of third class lever **most common lever in the body*
biceps curl
elbow joint = axis
weight of arm = load
biceps mm contracting = effort
open chain
what is an example of all 3 types of movement - rolling, gliding, spinning
knee
as the knee extends the tibia externally rotates or spins on the femur and rolls and glides
if moving joint surface is concave, sliding is in what direction?
same direction as movement of the bone
concAve = sAme
isometric
mm contraction with NO LENGTH CHANGE
isotonic
mm contraction WITH LENGTH CHANGE
concentric
muscle shortens
eccentric
muscle lengthens
agonist
primary mover
produces concentric, eccentric, isometric contractions
what forms the iliopectineal line
arcuate line of ilium
pectineal line of pubic bone
facet/ apophyseal joint type
plane
uniaxial
intervertebral joint type
cartilaginous
symphysis
amphiarthrosis
triaxial
sacrococcygeal & pubic joint type
cartilaginous
symphysis
amphiarthrosis
uniaxial
genu varum
outward bowing
genu valgum
inward bowing
anterior tilt tight muscles
erector spinae
hip flexors
quads
posterior pelvic tilt tight muscles
abs
hamstrings
glute max
posterior pelvic tilt weak muscles
erector spinae
hip flexors
what glute extends and laterally rotates hip
glute max
glute med actions
abduction of hip
ant fibers = medially rotate
post fibers = laterally rotate
glute max actions
extends and laterally rotates hip
stabilizes knee in extension
lower fibers = adduct hip
upper fibers = abduct hip
aytpical ribs
1,2,10-12
typical ribs
3-9
which way do the fibers travel on external intercostals
inferior and medially
which rib is at the sternal angle
2
which rib is at the suprasternal / jugular notch level
rib 1
where is the infrasternal angle
at xiphoid process
xiphoid process surfaces and borders
ant & post surface
superior & lateral border
costovertebral, costotranverse joint type and movement
plane
uniaxial
gliding
stenocostal joint type rib 1 & costochondral joint type
cartilaginous
synchondrosis
synarthrosis
sternocostal rib 2-7 joint type
plane
uniaxial
serratus posterior superior
SP C7-T3
ribs 2-5 superior external bordwe
expands chest, elevates ribs
VENTRAL RAMI
&& considered inspiratory mm*
serratus posterior inferior
SPs T11-L3
ribs 9-12
draws ribs down and back
VENTRAL RAMI
** considered acc. mm of expiration
subclavius
1st rib
middle 1/3 of clavicle
assist in stabilization and depress clavicle
nerve to subclavius
what direction do the innermost and internal intercostal fibres run
inferior and laterally
external intercostals
lower border of ribs
upper border of ribs below
elevate ribs in inspiration
intercostal nerve
internal intercostals
inner surfaces of ribs and costal cartilages
upper borders of adjacent ribs below
prevents pushing out or drawing in of intercostal spaces
lower fibers = forced expiration
intercostal nerves
innermost intercostals
lower border of ribs
upper border of rib below origin
elevate ribs
intercostal nerve
levator costarum
TP of C7-T11
ribs 1-12
elevate ribs
dorsal rami
QL
iliolumbar ligament
internal lip iliac crest
inferior border of 12th rib, TP L1-L4
unilateral - lateral flexion of trunk , depress 12th rib s
bilat = extension of lumbosacral spine
LUMBAR PLEXUS
multifidis cervicis O and I
TP C4-7
SP 2-4 segments above origin, SP of all vertebra extending from C2-L5
bilat = extension
uni= contralateral rotation
dorsal rami
spinalis capitis / semispinalis capitis
TP C7-T6 , artic process C4-C6
occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
extend and contralateral rotation
connected to semispinalis capitis
spinalis cervicis
SP of C7, nuchal ligament
SP of C2
extend cervical spine
dorsal rami
erector spinae group and group actions, nerve
spinalis
longissimus
iliocostalis
uni- lateral flexion
bilat- extend
dorsal rami
longissimus capitis
TP T1-T4, artic processes C5-C7
mastoid process
longissimus cervicis
TVP T1-T5
posterior tubercles on TVP’s C2-C6
iliocostalis cervicis
angle of ribs 3-6
posterior tubercles of TVP C4-C6
Rectus capitis anterior
root of TVP, lateral mass of atlas
base of occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum
flexion
ipsilateral rotation
ventral rami
rectus capitis lateralis
superior surface of TVP of atlas (c1)
inferior surface of jugular process of occipital bone
lateral flexion of head
longus capitis
ant tubercles of TVP C3-C6
inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone
flexion of head / neck
ipsilateral rotation
splenius capitis
nuchal ligament, SP C7-T3
mastoid process, lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
ipsilateral rotation, lateral flexion
dorsal rami
splenius cervicis
SP T3-T6
post tubercles of TVP C1-C3
ipsilateral rotation, lateral flexion
extension
main function of suboccipitals
maintain postural stabilization of head
rectus capitis posterior major
SP of C2 (axis)
lateral portion of inferior nuchal line
extends and ipsilateral rotates
rec cap posterior minor
posterior tubercle C1 (atlas)
medial portion of inferior nuchal line
extend head
obliquus capitis superior
TP of C1
occipital bone
extend and laterally flex head
obliquus cap inferior
SP of C2
TVP C1
ipsilateral rotation
diaphragm
STERNAL: 2 slips from xiphoid process
COSTAL: inner surface of ribs 6-12, costal cartilages
VERTEBRAL: bodies of L1-L3 , 12th rib
into central tendon
draws central tendon down, separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
contracts during inspiration - dome descends
relaxes during expiration
phrenic
what mm’s contract during inspiration
diaphragm
external intercostals
contract to enlarge thoracic cavity and elevate ribs
kyphotic curves
thoracic
sacral
typical thoracic spine vertebra
T2-T8
two demifacets
what makes T1 atypical
superior facet for rib 1
inferior demifacet for rib 2
T10,11,12
only superior facet for head of corresponding rib
what does the anterior longitudinal ligament prevent
hyperextension
rotation and lateral flexion always occur together except where
C1/C2
C2 - T5 lat flexion is always accompanied w rotation on the ___ side
ipsilateral
thoracic spine in layers
1= traps, lats
2 = lev scap, rhomboids
3 = serratus post sup and inf
4 = spenius cap and cervicis
5- erectors
6= transversospinalis
iliocostalis thoracis
upper borders rib angles 7-12
angle of ribs 1-6, TVP C7
Ilicostalis lumborum
sacrum, SP T11,T12, upper lumbar, iliac crest, supraspinous ligament
angle of ribs 7-12
longissimus thoracis
TVP L1-L5, thoracolumbar fascia
TVP T1-T12, angle of ribs 4-12
spinalis thoracis
SP’s T11-L2
SP’S T1-T4 or T8
extension
semispinalis thoracis
TVP T6-T12
SP C6-T4
extension
CONTRALATERAL rotation
multifidus thoracis
TVP T1-T12
SP’S 3-4 segments above
multifidus lumborum
mamillary processes of L1-L5
SP’s 3-4 segments above origin
where in spine are rotatores most developed and always present
thoracic
atypical c spine
C1 ATLAS
C2 AXIS
C7 - transitional
atlanto occipital joint type and movements
condyloid
biaxial
flex, extension, lat flexion
medial atlanto axial joint type and movement
pivot, uniaxial
dens of C2 articulates w articular facet of C1
rotation
transverse ligament*
lateral atlanto axial joint type
plane
uniaxial
inferior facets of C1 articulate w superior facets of C2
gliding
tectorial membrane turns into what
posterior longitudinal ligament after C2
superficial layer of cervical spine muscles
platysma
SCM
traps
lev scap
what nerve innervates the infrahyoids
ansa cervicalis
what hyoid does not insert on hyoid bone
sternothyroid
what are the 4 infrahyoids
thyrohyoid
sternohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyroid
typical lumbar vertebrae
L1-L4 - mamillary processes
interspinales actions
stabilization
extension
26 total vertebra
24 true
2 false ( 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx)
23 intervertebral discs
starting at C2,C3
ending L5, S1
nerve root C7 goes between what
C7 and T1
where does nerve root T3 come out from
under T3, above T4
T4 goes under T4 above T5
functions of spine
protection
stabilization
support and weight bearing
motion
resiliency / shock absorption
vertebral bodies heights
cervical = equal
thoracic = thicker posteriorly
lumbar = L1 = higher posteriorly
L2= equal
L3-5 = higher anteriorly
intervertebral discs thickness
cervical = anteriorly
thoracic = equal
lumbar = anteriorly
where does spinal cord end
L1-L2 - conus medullaris
cauda equina begins
where is the last intervertebral disc
L5
what notches form the intervertebral foramen
superior and inferior vertebral notch
spinal ligaments from anterior to posterior APLIS
ALL
PLL
ligamentum flavum
interspinous
supraspinous
where does the iliolumabr ligament span from
TVP L5 –> ilium of pelvis
lumbar spine extension is coupled w SACRAL NUTATION
anterior sacral tilt or sacral flexion
lumbar spine flexion is coupled w SACRAL COUNTERNUTATION
posterior sacral tilt or sacral extension
external oblique
external surfaces ribs 5-12
linea alba, pubic tubercles, anterior 1/2 iliac crest
flexion
lateral flexion
contralateral rotation
internal oblique action
lateral flexion
IPSILATERAL ROTATION
Internal=Ipsilateral
actions of psoas major
flexion
lateral flexion of hip
flexion/lat flexion of spinal joints
anterior pelvic tilt
iliacus actions
flexion and lateral rotation of hip
ant pelvic tilt
what connects the spinous process to the transverse process
lamina
when working unilaterally, multifidus does what
contralaterally rotates
inferior belly of digastric mm is what nerve
trigeminal
where does the T12 nerve root travel
between T12 and L1
what bony landmark separates the 2 demifacets on a head of a typical rib
interarticular crest
wjere is the sternal angle
between manubrium and body of sternum
what bone is the lesser sciatic notch part of
ischium
what bones are the obturator foramen formed by
pubic & ischium
what does the ASIS do in nutation
flare INWARDS
What mm’s attach to pes anserine
gracilis
sartorius
semitendinosus
how many foramina does the sacrum have
4 anterior
tibia borders
TAIM
anterior
interosseus
medial
fibula borders
FAIP
anterior
interosseus
posterior
where is the facet for head of fibula
lateral condyle of tibia
origin of anterior cruciate ligament
lateral condyle of femur
is the ACL taught in hyperextension of knee
yes
what movement does ACL resists
anterior translation and medial rotationof tibia on femur
prevents hyperextension
what ligament resists valgus forces
MCL
what mm flexes MTP joints and extends IP
lumbricals
1st digit = medial plantar
2-4- lateral plantar
a Q angle of less than 0 degrees is what
genu varum
in a closed chain mvment the popliteus does what motion
laterally rotates the femur
does the splenius capitis ipsilateral rotate the head
yesss
what is the hyoid bone in front of
C2,C3
no lateral flexion at C1-C2
no rotation at CO-C1
what infrahyoid acts on the larynx
thyrohyoid
depress larynx, hyoid bone
which 2 muscles ipsilaterally rotate and laterally flex head
splenius capitis & cervicis
what lies on top of a typical rib
articular facet
what are the two notches on either side of xiphoid process
costal notches
where does the sacrospinous ligament run from
sacrum to ischial spine
origin of longissimus cervicis
TVP T1-T5
origin of longissimus capitis
TVP T1-T4, articular processes C5-C7
origin of rhomboid major
SP T2-T5
into medial border of scap between inferior angle and spine of scapula
what mm does not attach to occiput
obliquus capitis inferior
origin of posterior scalene
posterior tubercles of TVP C5-C7
what vertebral bony landmark is involved in the costotransverse joint
tubercle of ribs
what action does multifidus do
extend
contralaterally rotate
iliocostalis thoracis originates from where
upper borders rib angles ribs 7-12
iliocostalis lumborum origin
sacrum
SP T11, T12
iliac crest
supraspinous ligament
what is the coupled motion in cervical spine
ipsilateral
C2-T5
coupled motion in lower thoracic and lumbar
contralateral
in counternutation of sacrum what do ischial tuberosities do
approximate
when the pelvis in posteriorly tilted what mm are weak
erectors
hip flexors
what term is used for mm contracting that is not shortening or lengthening (not changing shape)
isometric
what mm surrounds each testicle
cremaster (connected to internal oblique)
what does the dartos surround
the penis, foreskin, scrotum
contracts to wrinkle skin to reduce heat loss and relaxing them does the opposite
