ankle and foot Flashcards
what is the ankle and foot made up of
tarsal bones
metatarsal bones
phalanges
name the tarsal bones (7)
PROXIMAL GROUP
talus (head, neck, body)
navicular (body, tuberosity)
calcaneus
DISTAL GROUP
cuboid (body, fibular groove)
(1st) medial cuneiform
(2nd) intermediate cuneiform
(3rd) lateral cuneiform
what is the head of the talus an articulating surface for (7 spots)
navicular
calcaneus
(anterior,middle,posterior)
inferior tibia
medial & lateral malleolus
what is the calcaneus body an articulating surface for (7)
talus
facet for cuboid
calcaneal sulcus
calcaneal tuberosity
sustentaculum tali
fibular tubercle
groove for fib longus tendon
TALOCRURAL (mortise) JOINT TYPE
& MOVEMENTS
HINGE
UNIXIAL
DORSI/PLANTAR FLEX
TALOCRURAL artic.surfaces
inferior articular & medial malleolar tibia surface
–>
lateral malleolar artic surface of fibula, trochlea of talus
ligaments for talocrural
MEDIAL / LATERAL COLLATERAL
DISTAL / INFERIOR TIBIOFIBULAR joint type
& movement
fibrous
syndesmosis
amphi
uni
gliding
articular surfaces for distal tibiofib
articular area on inferior end of fibula
–>
facet on inferior end of tibia
ligaments for distal tibiofib joint
anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligament
interosseous membrane
what are the 3 LATERAL ankle ligaments most commonly injured w inversion sprain
CAP
calcaneofibular CFL
anterior talofibular ATFL
posterior talofibular PTFL
what are the 4 deltoid medial ligament composed of
PATT
anterior tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal
posterior tibiotalar
SUBTALAR / TALOCALCANEAL JOINT TYPE AND MOVEMENTS
plane, triaxial
gliding, rotation
inversion, eversion
artic surfaces for subtalar
posterior, anterior, middle artic surface for calcaneus on talus
–>
facets on superior surface of calcaneus
TALOCALCANEONAVICULAR JOINT TYPE AND MOVEMENTS
ball and socket & plane/gliding
triaxial
inversion, eversion
gliding, rotation
TCN joint artic surfaces
facet on head of talus
facet on prox. side navicular
anterior talar facet
middle talar facet
sustentaculum tali
supination of ankle joint is plantar flexion and inversion
pronation is eversion and dorsiflexion
CALCANEOCUBOID JOINT TYPE AND MOVEMENT
saddle
uniaxial
gliding
rotation
calcaneocuboid joint artic surfaces
anterior surface of calcaneus
posterior surface of cuboid
cuboideonavicular joint type and movements
fibrous
uniaxial
gliding
rotation
cuboideonavicular surfaces
surface on lateral aspect of navicular
surface on posteromedial side of cuboid
cuboideonavicular ligaments
fib capsule
dorsal cuboideonavicular
interosseous cuboidenavicular
long plantar
distal intertarsal joint type and movements
plane
uniaxial
gliding
rotation
distal intertarsal artic surfaces
surface of navicular
surface of cuboid
surface of cuneiform
surface of metatarsals
ligaments of distal intertarsal
fib capsule
dorsal plantar
cuneonavicular
intercuneiform
cuneocuboid
tarsometatarsal & intermetatarsal joint type and movements
plane
uniaxial
gliding
tarsometatarsal joint surfaces
articular surfaces of distal tarsals
base of metatarsals
ligaments of tarsometatarsal joint
fib capsule
dorsal interosseus
long plantar
what joint links the forefoot to the rearfoot
tarsometatarsal
intermetatarsal joint artic surfaces
adjacent bases of metatarsals
intermetatarsal joint ligaments
fib capsule
dorsal intermetatarsal
plantar intermetatarsal
interosseus intermetatarsal
deep transverse metatarsal
metatarsophalangeal joint type and movements
condyloid
biaxial
flexion
extension
adduction
abduction
metatarsophalangeal joint surfaces
convex heads of metatarsals
concave bases of proximal phalanges
metatarsophalangeal & interphalangeal joint ligaments
fib capsule
medial and lateral collateral
interphalangeal joint type and movements
hinge
uniaxial
flexion/extension
interphalangeal joint surfaces
heads of proximal phalanges
bases of distal phalanges
what does the plantar fascia connect
calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus bone to the ligaments around the heads of metatarsal bones
what are the extensor retinacula of the ankle
superior and inferior extensor retinaculum
holds down extensor tendons
what are the fibular retinaculums of ankle and what do they do
superior and inferior fibular
holds down fibular or peroneal tendons
what holds down the flexor tendons of the ankle
flexor retinaculum
what are all the retinaculas of the ankle
superior & inferior extensor
superior and inferior fibular
flexor
where is the bursa in the ankle
between the calcaneus and Achilles tendon
what are the 2 bursas between achilles and calcaneus
superficial or subcutaneous calcaneal bursa
deep or retrocalcaneal bursa
what are the arches of the feet formed by
bones, ligaments and tendons connected together
essential for weight bearing, movement, shock absorption
what are the 3 distinct arches of the foot
2 longitudinal (medial and lateral)
1 transverse
where does the medial longitudinal arch run from
most prominent
running from the front to back along medial side of foot
pes cavus
where do the lateral longitudinal arches run
runs parallel to the medial longitudinal arch along the lateral edge of foot
pes planus
where does the transverse arch run
across midfoot from medial to lateral
support and flexibility
mwhat are the 2 intrinsic foot muscles located on the dorsal aspect of foot
extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallucis brevis
the great toe is missing what?
middle phalange
name the tarsals in the proximal group
talus
navicular
calcaneus
name the tarsals in the distal group
medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform
cuboid
