lower leg joints / fun stuff Flashcards
4 bursas of the knee
infrapatellar -superficial and deep
suprapatellar
prepatellar
semimembranosus
what type of joint is the tibiofemoral
what are the
movements?
synovial
diarthrosis
hinge
biaxial
gliding,flex/ext, hyperextension
lat and med rotation
what type of joint is the patellafemoral
synovial
diarthrosis
plane
triaxial
main movement = superior and inferior glide
what type of joint is the proximal superior tibiofibular joint
synovial
diarthrosis
plane
uniaxial
name 2 ligaments of the proximal superior tibiofibular joint
upper interosseous membrane
lateral collateral ligament
fibrous capsule
what type of joint is the mid tibiofibular joint
fibrous
interosseous
amphiarthrosis
uniaxial
what type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint
fibrous
syndesmosis
amphiarthrosis
uniaxial
in the gait cycle what does the tibia do during the swing phase
internally rotates (knee flexion)
in the gait cycle what does the tibia do during the stance phase
externally rotate (knee extension)
tibia rotates around and locks
what is the concave vs convex rule
roll and glide happen in the same direction
in the tibiofemoral joint what ligaments are extracapsular
fibrous capsule
patellar
MCL
LCL
in the tibiofemoral joint what ligaments are intracapsular
anterior cruciate
posterior cruciate
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus
what are the 4 major knee ligaments
which are intra and extra
Intracapsular = ACL, PCL
Extracapsular = MCL, LCL
where does the ACL go from
MEDIAL aspect of lateral femoral condyle
to
ANTERIOR aspect of tibial intercondylar eminence
what does the ACL resist
anterior translation and medial rotation of tibia
TAUT IN HYPEREXTENSION
where does PCL go from
posterior intercondylar eminence
to
LATERAL aspect of MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE
MCL resist what forces
VALGUS (INWARD)
what does the meniscus do
acts to disperse weight evenly and to reduce friction w movement
what mm does the lateral meniscus attach to and what ligament
PCL
popliteus
what ligament attaches the menisci
TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT
what is one action of the patellofemoral joint
acts to increase the biomechanical leverage of quads
what is the screw home mechanism considered
a key element to knee stability for standing upright
in the screw home mechanism what does the tibia do during knee extension
glide anteriorly on femur, PCL elongates
prolonged anterior glide on medial side produces external tibial rotation
prolonged anterior glide on the medial side produces what
external tibial rotation
femoral triangle
sartorius
inguinal ligament
adductor longus
hunters canal
sartorius - anteromedial
vastus medialis - lateral
adductor longus/magnus - posterior
where is the fabella
tendon of lateral head of gastrocs
anterior femoral group muscles
TFL
sartorius
quadriceps
articularis genu
medial femoral group
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
pectineus
gracilis
TFL O and I
ASIS
IT BAND
actions of TFL
flex, medially rotate hip
tenses fascia lata
SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE
what is it called when the Q angle is greater than 22 degrees
genu valgum
knocked knees
stress on MCL
gum rhymes with cum and cum makes you great
what actions do all the hamstrings do
flex knee, extend hip
biceps femoris laterally rotates knee
membranosus & teninosus = medially rotate knee
nerve of semimembranosus and semitendinosos and the long head of biceps femoris?
sciatic : tibial branch
what nerve innervates the short head of biceps femoris
sciatic : peroneal branch
origin of short head biceps femoris
linea aspera
supracondylar line
insertion of biceps femoris
head of fibula
lateral condyle tibia
common origin adductors
common action
common nerve
pubic bone
adduct and flex hip
obturator
O and I pectineus
pectineal line pubic bone
pectineal line femur
obturator and femoral nerve
out of the adductors which 2 have 2 nerves
pectineus - obturator and femoral
adductor magnus - obturator and sciatic
in the last 20 degrees of the knee extension (open chain)
the tibia does what and femur does what
tibia- lateral rotation
femur - medial rotation
where is the adductor tubercle
medial side of femur
LCL reisst what force
varus
normal end feel for knee flexion
tissue approximation
what is normal end feel for tibiofemoral joint
flexion - soft tissue approx
ext- elastic/firm
what degree does rotation between the tibia and femur occur
between full ext (0 and 20 degrees) at end of knee flexion
which condyles articular surface on the tibia is longer and produces anterior tibial glide
medial condyle
what’s inside the femoral triangle (NAVY)
femoral NERVE
femoral ARTERY
femoral VEIN
LYMPHATIC
in knee flexion the ACL tightens and glide tibia posteriorly
in extension PCL tightens and glides tibia anteriorly
the medial meniscus is attached to what
MCL , semimembranosus
what’s is called when Q angle is less than 0
genu varum
stress on LCL
movements of patellofemoral joint
inferior/superior glide
medial/lateral glide
medial/lateral tilt
medial/lateral rotation
articulating surfaces of patellofemoral joint
concave posterior surface of patella
convex trochlear surface of distal anterior femur
articulating process of tibiofemoral joint
convex medial and lateral femoral condyles
concave tibial plateau
when in open chain what happens in flexion
tibia rolls and glides posteriorly on femur
ligaments of patellofemoral joint
patellar ligament
medial and lateral patellofemoral
ligament of mid tibiofibular joint
interosseous membrane
articulating surfaces of MID tibiofibular joint
interosseous membrane connecting shaft of tibia and fibula
explain screw home mechanism
rotation occurs on tibia and femur between 0 and 20 degrees of flexion
tibia glides anteriorly and PCL elongates
during last 20 degrees, anterior tibial glide persists medial condyle (longer)
prolonged anterior glide produces external rotation of tibia
reverse of screw home mechanism
posterior tibial glide, ACL elongates
between 0 and 20 degrees flexion, posterior glide on medial side that produces internal tibial rotation
contents of popliteal fossa
CFN
TN
PA
PN
common fibular nerve
tibial nerve
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
borders of popliteal fossa
SGPB
some girls palpate boys
semimembranosus
gastrocs both head
plantaris
biceps femoris
