lower leg joints / fun stuff Flashcards by ash box

4 bursas of the knee

infrapatellar -superficial and deep
suprapatellar
prepatellar
semimembranosus

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what type of joint is the tibiofemoral

what are the
movements?

synovial
diarthrosis
hinge
biaxial

gliding,flex/ext, hyperextension
lat and med rotation

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what type of joint is the patellafemoral

synovial
diarthrosis
plane
triaxial

main movement = superior and inferior glide

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what type of joint is the proximal superior tibiofibular joint

synovial
diarthrosis
plane
uniaxial

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name 2 ligaments of the proximal superior tibiofibular joint

upper interosseous membrane
lateral collateral ligament
fibrous capsule

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what type of joint is the mid tibiofibular joint

fibrous
interosseous
amphiarthrosis
uniaxial

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what type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint

fibrous
syndesmosis
amphiarthrosis
uniaxial

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in the gait cycle what does the tibia do during the swing phase

internally rotates (knee flexion)

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in the gait cycle what does the tibia do during the stance phase

externally rotate (knee extension)

tibia rotates around and locks

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what is the concave vs convex rule

roll and glide happen in the same direction

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in the tibiofemoral joint what ligaments are extracapsular

fibrous capsule

patellar

MCL

LCL

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in the tibiofemoral joint what ligaments are intracapsular

anterior cruciate
posterior cruciate
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus

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what are the 4 major knee ligaments

which are intra and extra

Intracapsular = ACL, PCL

Extracapsular = MCL, LCL

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where does the ACL go from

MEDIAL aspect of lateral femoral condyle
to
ANTERIOR aspect of tibial intercondylar eminence

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what does the ACL resist

anterior translation and medial rotation of tibia

TAUT IN HYPEREXTENSION

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where does PCL go from

posterior intercondylar eminence
to
LATERAL aspect of MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE

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MCL resist what forces

VALGUS (INWARD)

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what does the meniscus do

acts to disperse weight evenly and to reduce friction w movement

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what mm does the lateral meniscus attach to and what ligament

PCL
popliteus

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what ligament attaches the menisci

TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT

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what is one action of the patellofemoral joint

acts to increase the biomechanical leverage of quads

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what is the screw home mechanism considered

a key element to knee stability for standing upright

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in the screw home mechanism what does the tibia do during knee extension

glide anteriorly on femur, PCL elongates

prolonged anterior glide on medial side produces external tibial rotation

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prolonged anterior glide on the medial side produces what

external tibial rotation

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femoral triangle

sartorius inguinal ligament adductor longus

hunters canal

sartorius - anteromedial vastus medialis - lateral adductor longus/magnus - posterior

where is the fabella

tendon of lateral head of gastrocs

anterior femoral group muscles

TFL sartorius quadriceps articularis genu

medial femoral group

adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus pectineus gracilis

TFL O and I

ASIS IT BAND

actions of TFL

flex, medially rotate hip tenses fascia lata SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE

what is it called when the Q angle is greater than 22 degrees

genu valgum knocked knees stress on MCL gum rhymes with cum and cum makes you great

what actions do all the hamstrings do

flex knee, extend hip biceps femoris laterally rotates knee membranosus & teninosus = medially rotate knee

nerve of semimembranosus and semitendinosos and the long head of biceps femoris?

sciatic : tibial branch

what nerve innervates the short head of biceps femoris

sciatic : peroneal branch

origin of short head biceps femoris

linea aspera supracondylar line

insertion of biceps femoris

head of fibula lateral condyle tibia

common origin adductors common action common nerve

pubic bone adduct and flex hip obturator

O and I pectineus

pectineal line pubic bone pectineal line femur obturator and femoral nerve

out of the adductors which 2 have 2 nerves

pectineus - obturator and femoral adductor magnus - obturator and sciatic

in the last 20 degrees of the knee extension (open chain) the tibia does what and femur does what

tibia- lateral rotation femur - medial rotation

where is the adductor tubercle

medial side of femur

LCL reisst what force

varus

normal end feel for knee flexion

tissue approximation

what is normal end feel for tibiofemoral joint

flexion - soft tissue approx ext- elastic/firm

what degree does rotation between the tibia and femur occur

between full ext (0 and 20 degrees) at end of knee flexion

which condyles articular surface on the tibia is longer and produces anterior tibial glide

medial condyle

what's inside the femoral triangle (NAVY)

femoral NERVE femoral ARTERY femoral VEIN LYMPHATIC

in knee flexion the ACL tightens and glide tibia posteriorly

in extension PCL tightens and glides tibia anteriorly

the medial meniscus is attached to what

MCL , semimembranosus

what's is called when Q angle is less than 0

genu varum stress on LCL

movements of patellofemoral joint

inferior/superior glide medial/lateral glide medial/lateral tilt medial/lateral rotation

articulating surfaces of patellofemoral joint

concave posterior surface of patella convex trochlear surface of distal anterior femur

articulating process of tibiofemoral joint

convex medial and lateral femoral condyles concave tibial plateau

when in open chain what happens in flexion

tibia rolls and glides posteriorly on femur

ligaments of patellofemoral joint

patellar ligament medial and lateral patellofemoral

ligament of mid tibiofibular joint

interosseous membrane

articulating surfaces of MID tibiofibular joint

interosseous membrane connecting shaft of tibia and fibula

explain screw home mechanism

rotation occurs on tibia and femur between 0 and 20 degrees of flexion tibia glides anteriorly and PCL elongates during last 20 degrees, anterior tibial glide persists medial condyle (longer) prolonged anterior glide produces external rotation of tibia

reverse of screw home mechanism

posterior tibial glide, ACL elongates between 0 and 20 degrees flexion, posterior glide on medial side that produces internal tibial rotation

contents of popliteal fossa CFN TN PA PN

common fibular nerve tibial nerve popliteal artery popliteal vein

borders of popliteal fossa SGPB some girls palpate boys

semimembranosus gastrocs both head plantaris biceps femoris