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MSA II > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

CERVICAL SPINE

typical vs atypical

A

atypical: C1,C2,C7

typical: C3,C4,C5,C6

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2
Q

3 sections of the atlas C1

A

anterior arch
lateral mass
posterior arch

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3
Q

Atlanto Occipital Joint type / artic.surfaces / movements

A

synovial, diarthrosis, condyloid, biaxial

occiput condylar facet
atlas C1 - superior facet of lateral mass

flex/ext, slight lateral flexion

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4
Q

medial atlanto axial joint type / surfaces / ligament / movements

A

synovial, pivot, diarthrosis, uniaxial

facet for dens on atlas, anterior faced for the dens on the axis

transverse ligament

rotation

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5
Q

lateral atlanto axial type, surfaces, movement

A

synovial plane diarthrosis uniaxial

inferior facet C1, superior facet C2

gliding

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6
Q

where does the tectorial membrane turn into the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

after C2

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7
Q

what ligament holds the dens of C1 against C1 and creates the pivot joint

A

transverse ligament

aka cruiciate/cruciform

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8
Q

what does the anterior longitudinal ligament do

A

cover anterior aspect of vertebral body

prevents HYPEREXTENSION

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9
Q

what does the posterior longitudinal ligament do

A

cover posterior aspect of vertebral body and discs

prevent HYPERFLEXION

starting at C3

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10
Q

what are the deep neck flexors

A

rectus capitis anterior
rectus capitis lateralis
longus capitis
longus cervicis (colli)

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11
Q

which infrahyoid does not attach to the hyoid bone

A

sternothyroid

O:manubrium, 1st costal cartilage
I: oblique lie of thyroid cartilage

ansa cervicalis

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12
Q

do the TVP on thoracic vertebrae have a costal facet?

A

yes

they articulate with the tubercles of the ribs (1-10)

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13
Q

typical vs atypical T-SPine

A

typical = T2-T8 (all have two demifacets)

atypical T1, T9,T10, T11,T12

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14
Q

what makes T1 atypical

A

superior facet for rib1
inferior demi facet for rib 2

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15
Q

what makes T9 atypical

A

only one superior demifacet

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16
Q

what makes T10,T11,T12 atypical

A

SP’s broader /shorter
have a superior facet for head of rib

TP’s of T11/12 do not have costal facets

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17
Q

what are the true ribs and another name for “true ribs”

A

1-7

vertebrosternal

connect directly to sternum

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18
Q

which surface of the manubrium is not palpable

A

posterior surface

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19
Q

costovertebral joint type, surfaces, movements

A

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial

facet or demi facet, rib head facets

gliding

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20
Q

iliocostalis group actions

A

bilaterally: extension, trunk stabilization

unilaterally: lateral flexion

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21
Q

what are the typical lumbar vertebra

A

L1-L4

w mammillary process

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22
Q

why is L5 atypical

A

transitional
largest body

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23
Q

list the spine ligaments anterior to posterior

A

anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamentum flavum
interspinous
supraspinous

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24
Q

what is the ligament unique to lumbar spine

where does it span from

A

iliolumbar ligament

protects the lumbosacral joint, the joint between the lumbar spine and sacrum

spans from TVP L5 to ilium

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25
lumbar spine EXTENSION is coupled with what
sacral nutation anterior/flexion sacral tilt
26
lumbar spine FLEXION is coupled with what motion
sacral COUNTERNUTATION posterior/extension sacral tilt
27
external obliques
external surface ribs 5-12 linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior 1/2 iliac crest bilat: flexion uni: lat flexion, contra rotation, compress stabilize abdomen intercostal nerves
28
internal obliques
ant & mid 1/3 iliac crest, lat 2/3 inguinal ligament inferior border ribs 10-12, linea alba, crest of pubis flexion lat flexion, IPSILATERAL rotation, compress and stabilize abdomen intercostal
29
transverse abdominis
internal surface of costal cartilage 7-12, diaphragm, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 3/4 iliac crest, lat 1/3 inguinal ligament line alba w abdominal aponeurosis, pubic crest, pectineal line act like girdle, compress, stabilize abdomen intercostal nerve
30
lordotic curves of spine
cervical, lumbar INWARD
31
kyphotic curves of spine
thoracic, sacral OUTWARD
32
costotransverse joint
synovial diarthrosis plane uniaxial TP costal facet, articular facet on tubercle of rib GLIDING
33
sternocostal joint 1st rib
cartilaginous synchondrosis synarthrosis costal notch manubrium, anterior end 1st rib cartilage no movement
34
sternocostal joint 2-7 ribs
synovial diarthrosis plane uniaxial costal facet sternum (rib 2 is at sternal angle) , anterior end 2-7 rib cartilages slight gliding
35
costochondral joint
cartilaginous synchondrosis synarthrosis lat edge of costal cartilage, medial end of rib no ligaments only slightw
36
which thoracic spine joint has no ligaments
costochondral
37
manubriosternal joint
cartilaginous symphysis amphiarthrosis uniaxial inferior margin of manubrium, superior margin of body of sternum slight flexion / extension during breathing
38
xiphisternal joint
cartilaginous synchondrosis amphiarthrosis uniaxial inferior margin of body of sternum superior margin xiphoid process sternoxiphoid lig slight flex/ext
39
where is the supraspinous ligament
tips of SP's from C7 to sacrum continuation of nuchal lgament
40
what does the ligamentum flavum attach
vertebral arch above to vertebral arch below
41
T SPINE ranges of motion
flexion extension lateral flexion rotation
42
thoracic spine muscles in layers
traps, lats rhomboids, lev scap serratus posterior's splenius capitis, cervicis erector spinae transversospinalis
43
what actions does the lat dorsi have on the spine
uni: lat flexion, assist in tilting pelvis bilater: hyperextend spine, flex spine
44
what structures does the anterior arch have
articular facet for dens anterior tubercles fovea dentis
45
what structures does the lateral mass have (no vertebral body)
tubercle for transverse ligament superior/inferior articular facet transverse foramen transverse process
46
what structures does the posterior arch have
posterior tubercle groove for vertebral artery
47
what are normal end feels
bony, soft tissue approximation, tissue stretch
48
what differentiates the typical lumbar vertebrae from all over vertebrae's
mamillary process
49
on typical lumbar vertebra what connects the lamina to the pedicles
superior articular process
50
where are facet joints in lumbar spine
between vertebral arches
51
where are intervertebral joints in lumbar spine
between vertebral bodies
52
rectus abdominis
pubic crest, pubic symphysis costal cartilage ribs 5-7, xiphoid process flexion of trunk, posterior pelvic tilt, compress/ stabilize abdomen intercostal nerve
53
pyramidalis
pubic crest linea alba tense linea alba SUBCOSTAL nerve
54
psoas major
ventral surface of TP of L1-L5, bodies of corresponding discs of T12, L1-L5 lesser trochanter of femur flex, lat rotation of hip, flexion, lat flexion of spinal joints, anterior pelvic tilt lumbar plexus
55
psoas minor
sides of bodies of T12,L1 and disc between them iliopectineal eminence, arcuate line of ilium, iliac fasica flexion of pelvis on lumbar spine lumbar plexus
56
iliacus
superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, internal lip iliac crest, iliolumbar & sacroiliac ligaments, ala of sacrum lateral side of tendon of psoas major, distal to lesser trochanter flexion and lateral rotation of hip, anterior pelvic tilt femoral nerve
57
what could a tight iliopsoas muscle cause
hyperlordosis anterior pelvic tilt of lumbar spine
58
how many intervertebral discs of spine and where do they start and end
23 starting at C2/C3 ending at L5/S1
59
how many spinal nerves
31 pairs 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal starting at occiput at c1 end at Co1 inside the sacral hiatus w S5
60
vertebral bodies - heights
cervical - equal height thoracic - thicker posteriorly than anteriorly lumbar - heights vary L1- higher posteriorly L2- equal L3- higher anteriorly
61
disc thickness
cervical - thicker anteriorly thoracic - equal lumbar - thicker anteriorly
62
where is the last intervertebral disc
at the end of vertebral column at L5
63
which deep anterior cervical muscle does only lateral flexion
rectus capitis lateralis
64
what is the rib cage composed of
sternum, ribs, joints
65
what are the true ribs, and another name for them
1-7 vertebrosternal
66
atypical ribs
1,2,10,11,12
67
typical ribs
3-9
68
how many facets do ribs 1, 10-12 have
ONE articular facet on head 11, 12 HAVE NO NECK
69
what rib is in line w the sternal angle
rib 2
70
occiput is CONVEX
Atlas is CONCAVE
71
what nerve innervates infrahyoids
ansa cervicalis
72
what nerve for deep anterior neck muscles
ventral rami
73
what is a distinguishable factor of thoracic spine
costal / demi facets for ribs to attach the head of one rib articulates w two vertebral bodies
74
T2-T8 how many demifacets
one superior one inferior
75
how many demifacets for T1
full superior facet for rib 1 inferior demi facet for rib2
76
if you wanted to test thoracic rotation what would you get the patient to do
sit down - takes out lumbar rotation
77
actions of traps split it
upper - cervical spine= extension, contra rotation, ipsi side bending, adduction, retraction, elevate scap middle - adductin of scap, retraction lower - depress scap, downward rotation, adduct scap
78
when diaphragm contracts is there more or less pressure in chest cavity
less
79
which oblique does contralateral rotation
external
80
what action does the rectus abdominis do
trunk flexion, posterior pelvic tilt
81
where does the C8 spinal nerve exit
below C7 on top of T1
82
what 2 structures form the vertebral foramen
superior vertebral notch and inferior vertebral notch
83
which suboccipital only does ipsilateral rotation of head ? (not extend)
obliquus capitis inferior
84
which suboccipital laterally flexes head
obliquus posterior superior
85
where is there no lateral flexion in the cervical spine
C1-C2
86
where is there no rotation happening in the cervical spine
CO-C1
87
what lies on the tubercle of a typical rib
articular facet
88
what are the two notches called on either side of xiphoid process
costal notches
89
what direction do the iliacus and psoas major tilt the pelvis
anteriorly

MSA II (20 decks)

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