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MSA II > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

CERVICAL SPINE

typical vs atypical

A

atypical: C1,C2,C7

typical: C3,C4,C5,C6

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2
Q

3 sections of the atlas C1

A

anterior arch
lateral mass
posterior arch

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3
Q

Atlanto Occipital Joint type / artic.surfaces / movements

A

synovial, diarthrosis, condyloid, biaxial

occiput condylar facet
atlas C1 - superior facet of lateral mass

flex/ext, slight lateral flexion

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4
Q

medial atlanto axial joint type / surfaces / ligament / movements

A

synovial, pivot, diarthrosis, uniaxial

facet for dens on atlas, anterior faced for the dens on the axis

transverse ligament

rotation

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5
Q

lateral atlanto axial type, surfaces, movement

A

synovial plane diarthrosis uniaxial

inferior facet C1, superior facet C2

gliding

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6
Q

where does the tectorial membrane turn into the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

after C2

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7
Q

what ligament holds the dens of C1 against C1 and creates the pivot joint

A

transverse ligament

aka cruiciate/cruciform

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8
Q

what does the anterior longitudinal ligament do

A

cover anterior aspect of vertebral body

prevents HYPEREXTENSION

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9
Q

what does the posterior longitudinal ligament do

A

cover posterior aspect of vertebral body and discs

prevent HYPERFLEXION

starting at C3

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10
Q

what are the deep neck flexors

A

rectus capitis anterior
rectus capitis lateralis
longus capitis
longus cervicis (colli)

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11
Q

which infrahyoid does not attach to the hyoid bone

A

sternothyroid

O:manubrium, 1st costal cartilage
I: oblique lie of thyroid cartilage

ansa cervicalis

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12
Q

do the TVP on thoracic vertebrae have a costal facet?

A

yes

they articulate with the tubercles of the ribs (1-10)

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13
Q

typical vs atypical T-SPine

A

typical = T2-T8 (all have two demifacets)

atypical T1, T9,T10, T11,T12

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14
Q

what makes T1 atypical

A

superior facet for rib1
inferior demi facet for rib 2

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15
Q

what makes T9 atypical

A

only one superior demifacet

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16
Q

what makes T10,T11,T12 atypical

A

SP’s broader /shorter
have a superior facet for head of rib

TP’s of T11/12 do not have costal facets

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17
Q

what are the true ribs and another name for “true ribs”

A

1-7

vertebrosternal

connect directly to sternum

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18
Q

which surface of the manubrium is not palpable

A

posterior surface

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19
Q

costovertebral joint type, surfaces, movements

A

synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial

facet or demi facet, rib head facets

gliding

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20
Q

iliocostalis group actions

A

bilaterally: extension, trunk stabilization

unilaterally: lateral flexion

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21
Q

what are the typical lumbar vertebra

A

L1-L4

w mammillary process

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22
Q

why is L5 atypical

A

transitional
largest body

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23
Q

list the spine ligaments anterior to posterior

A

anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamentum flavum
interspinous
supraspinous

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24
Q

what is the ligament unique to lumbar spine

where does it span from

A

iliolumbar ligament

protects the lumbosacral joint, the joint between the lumbar spine and sacrum

spans from TVP L5 to ilium

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25
Q

lumbar spine EXTENSION is coupled with what

A

sacral nutation

anterior/flexion sacral tilt

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26
Q

lumbar spine FLEXION is coupled with what motion

A

sacral COUNTERNUTATION

posterior/extension sacral tilt

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27
Q

external obliques

A

external surface ribs 5-12
linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior 1/2 iliac crest

bilat: flexion
uni: lat flexion, contra rotation, compress stabilize abdomen

intercostal nerves

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28
Q

internal obliques

A

ant & mid 1/3 iliac crest, lat 2/3 inguinal ligament

inferior border ribs 10-12, linea alba, crest of pubis

flexion
lat flexion, IPSILATERAL rotation, compress and stabilize abdomen

intercostal

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29
Q

transverse abdominis

A

internal surface of costal cartilage 7-12, diaphragm, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 3/4 iliac crest, lat 1/3 inguinal ligament

line alba w abdominal aponeurosis, pubic crest, pectineal line

act like girdle, compress, stabilize abdomen

intercostal nerve

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30
Q

lordotic curves of spine

A

cervical, lumbar

INWARD

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31
Q

kyphotic curves of spine

A

thoracic, sacral

OUTWARD

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32
Q

costotransverse joint

A

synovial diarthrosis plane uniaxial

TP costal facet, articular facet on tubercle of rib

GLIDING

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33
Q

sternocostal joint 1st rib

A

cartilaginous synchondrosis synarthrosis

costal notch manubrium, anterior end 1st rib cartilage

no movement

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34
Q

sternocostal joint 2-7 ribs

A

synovial diarthrosis plane uniaxial

costal facet sternum (rib 2 is at sternal angle) , anterior end 2-7 rib cartilages

slight gliding

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35
Q

costochondral joint

A

cartilaginous synchondrosis synarthrosis

lat edge of costal cartilage, medial end of rib

no ligaments

only slightw

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36
Q

which thoracic spine joint has no ligaments

A

costochondral

37
Q

manubriosternal joint

A

cartilaginous symphysis amphiarthrosis uniaxial

inferior margin of manubrium, superior margin of body of sternum

slight flexion / extension during breathing

38
Q

xiphisternal joint

A

cartilaginous synchondrosis amphiarthrosis uniaxial

inferior margin of body of sternum
superior margin xiphoid process

sternoxiphoid lig

slight flex/ext

39
Q

where is the supraspinous ligament

A

tips of SP’s from C7 to sacrum
continuation of nuchal lgament

40
Q

what does the ligamentum flavum attach

A

vertebral arch above to vertebral arch below

41
Q

T SPINE ranges of motion

A

flexion
extension
lateral flexion
rotation

42
Q

thoracic spine muscles in layers

A

traps, lats
rhomboids, lev scap
serratus posterior’s
splenius capitis, cervicis
erector spinae
transversospinalis

43
Q

what actions does the lat dorsi have on the spine

A

uni: lat flexion, assist in tilting pelvis
bilater: hyperextend spine, flex spine

44
Q

what structures does the anterior arch have

A

articular facet for dens
anterior tubercles
fovea dentis

45
Q

what structures does the lateral mass have (no vertebral body)

A

tubercle for transverse ligament
superior/inferior articular facet
transverse foramen
transverse process

46
Q

what structures does the posterior arch have

A

posterior tubercle
groove for vertebral artery

47
Q

what are normal end feels

A

bony, soft tissue approximation, tissue stretch

48
Q

what differentiates the typical lumbar vertebrae from all over vertebrae’s

A

mamillary process

49
Q

on typical lumbar vertebra what connects the lamina to the pedicles

A

superior articular process

50
Q

where are facet joints in lumbar spine

A

between vertebral arches

51
Q

where are intervertebral joints in lumbar spine

A

between vertebral bodies

52
Q

rectus abdominis

A

pubic crest, pubic symphysis
costal cartilage ribs 5-7, xiphoid process

flexion of trunk, posterior pelvic tilt, compress/ stabilize abdomen

intercostal nerve

53
Q

pyramidalis

A

pubic crest
linea alba

tense linea alba

SUBCOSTAL nerve

54
Q

psoas major

A

ventral surface of TP of L1-L5, bodies of corresponding discs of T12, L1-L5

lesser trochanter of femur

flex, lat rotation of hip, flexion, lat flexion of spinal joints, anterior pelvic tilt

lumbar plexus

55
Q

psoas minor

A

sides of bodies of T12,L1 and disc between them

iliopectineal eminence, arcuate line of ilium, iliac fasica

flexion of pelvis on lumbar spine

lumbar plexus

56
Q

iliacus

A

superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, internal lip iliac crest, iliolumbar & sacroiliac ligaments, ala of sacrum

lateral side of tendon of psoas major, distal to lesser trochanter

flexion and lateral rotation of hip, anterior pelvic tilt

femoral nerve

57
Q

what could a tight iliopsoas muscle cause

A

hyperlordosis

anterior pelvic tilt of lumbar spine

58
Q

how many intervertebral discs of spine and where do they start and end

A

23 starting at C2/C3 ending at L5/S1

59
Q

how many spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

starting at occiput at c1
end at Co1 inside the sacral hiatus w S5

60
Q

vertebral bodies - heights

A

cervical - equal height
thoracic - thicker posteriorly than anteriorly
lumbar - heights vary

L1- higher posteriorly
L2- equal
L3- higher anteriorly

61
Q

disc thickness

A

cervical - thicker anteriorly
thoracic - equal
lumbar - thicker anteriorly

62
Q

where is the last intervertebral disc

A

at the end of vertebral column at L5

63
Q

which deep anterior cervical muscle does only lateral flexion

A

rectus capitis lateralis

64
Q

what is the rib cage composed of

A

sternum, ribs, joints

65
Q

what are the true ribs, and another name for them

A

1-7

vertebrosternal

66
Q

atypical ribs

A

1,2,10,11,12

67
Q

typical ribs

A

3-9

68
Q

how many facets do ribs 1, 10-12 have

A

ONE articular facet on head

11, 12 HAVE NO NECK

69
Q

what rib is in line w the sternal angle

A

rib 2

70
Q

occiput is CONVEX

A

Atlas is CONCAVE

71
Q

what nerve innervates infrahyoids

A

ansa cervicalis

72
Q

what nerve for deep anterior neck muscles

A

ventral rami

73
Q

what is a distinguishable factor of thoracic spine

A

costal / demi facets for ribs to attach

the head of one rib articulates w two vertebral bodies

74
Q

T2-T8 how many demifacets

A

one superior
one inferior

75
Q

how many demifacets for T1

A

full superior facet for rib 1
inferior demi facet for rib2

76
Q

if you wanted to test thoracic rotation what would you get the patient to do

A

sit down - takes out lumbar rotation

77
Q

actions of traps split it

A

upper - cervical spine= extension, contra rotation, ipsi side bending, adduction, retraction, elevate scap

middle - adductin of scap, retraction

lower - depress scap, downward rotation, adduct scap

78
Q

when diaphragm contracts is there more or less pressure in chest cavity

A

less

79
Q

which oblique does contralateral rotation

A

external

80
Q

what action does the rectus abdominis do

A

trunk flexion, posterior pelvic tilt

81
Q

where does the C8 spinal nerve exit

A

below C7 on top of T1

82
Q

what 2 structures form the vertebral foramen

A

superior vertebral notch and inferior vertebral notch

83
Q

which suboccipital only does ipsilateral rotation of head ?

(not extend)

A

obliquus capitis inferior

84
Q

which suboccipital laterally flexes head

A

obliquus posterior superior

85
Q

where is there no lateral flexion in the cervical spine

A

C1-C2

86
Q

where is there no rotation happening in the cervical spine

A

CO-C1

87
Q

what lies on the tubercle of a typical rib

A

articular facet

88
Q

what are the two notches called on either side of xiphoid process

A

costal notches

89
Q

what direction do the iliacus and psoas major tilt the pelvis

A

anteriorly

MSA II (20 decks)

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