MIDTERM Flashcards
CERVICAL SPINE
typical vs atypical
atypical: C1,C2,C7
typical: C3,C4,C5,C6
3 sections of the atlas C1
anterior arch
lateral mass
posterior arch
Atlanto Occipital Joint type / artic.surfaces / movements
synovial, diarthrosis, condyloid, biaxial
occiput condylar facet
atlas C1 - superior facet of lateral mass
flex/ext, slight lateral flexion
medial atlanto axial joint type / surfaces / ligament / movements
synovial, pivot, diarthrosis, uniaxial
facet for dens on atlas, anterior faced for the dens on the axis
transverse ligament
rotation
lateral atlanto axial type, surfaces, movement
synovial plane diarthrosis uniaxial
inferior facet C1, superior facet C2
gliding
where does the tectorial membrane turn into the posterior longitudinal ligament
after C2
what ligament holds the dens of C1 against C1 and creates the pivot joint
transverse ligament
aka cruiciate/cruciform
what does the anterior longitudinal ligament do
cover anterior aspect of vertebral body
prevents HYPEREXTENSION
what does the posterior longitudinal ligament do
cover posterior aspect of vertebral body and discs
prevent HYPERFLEXION
starting at C3
what are the deep neck flexors
rectus capitis anterior
rectus capitis lateralis
longus capitis
longus cervicis (colli)
which infrahyoid does not attach to the hyoid bone
sternothyroid
O:manubrium, 1st costal cartilage
I: oblique lie of thyroid cartilage
ansa cervicalis
do the TVP on thoracic vertebrae have a costal facet?
yes
they articulate with the tubercles of the ribs (1-10)
typical vs atypical T-SPine
typical = T2-T8 (all have two demifacets)
atypical T1, T9,T10, T11,T12
what makes T1 atypical
superior facet for rib1
inferior demi facet for rib 2
what makes T9 atypical
only one superior demifacet
what makes T10,T11,T12 atypical
SP’s broader /shorter
have a superior facet for head of rib
TP’s of T11/12 do not have costal facets
what are the true ribs and another name for “true ribs”
1-7
vertebrosternal
connect directly to sternum
which surface of the manubrium is not palpable
posterior surface
costovertebral joint type, surfaces, movements
synovial, plane, diarthrosis, uniaxial
facet or demi facet, rib head facets
gliding
iliocostalis group actions
bilaterally: extension, trunk stabilization
unilaterally: lateral flexion
what are the typical lumbar vertebra
L1-L4
w mammillary process
why is L5 atypical
transitional
largest body
list the spine ligaments anterior to posterior
anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamentum flavum
interspinous
supraspinous
what is the ligament unique to lumbar spine
where does it span from
iliolumbar ligament
protects the lumbosacral joint, the joint between the lumbar spine and sacrum
spans from TVP L5 to ilium
lumbar spine EXTENSION is coupled with what
sacral nutation
anterior/flexion sacral tilt
lumbar spine FLEXION is coupled with what motion
sacral COUNTERNUTATION
posterior/extension sacral tilt
external obliques
external surface ribs 5-12
linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior 1/2 iliac crest
bilat: flexion
uni: lat flexion, contra rotation, compress stabilize abdomen
intercostal nerves
internal obliques
ant & mid 1/3 iliac crest, lat 2/3 inguinal ligament
inferior border ribs 10-12, linea alba, crest of pubis
flexion
lat flexion, IPSILATERAL rotation, compress and stabilize abdomen
intercostal
transverse abdominis
internal surface of costal cartilage 7-12, diaphragm, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 3/4 iliac crest, lat 1/3 inguinal ligament
line alba w abdominal aponeurosis, pubic crest, pectineal line
act like girdle, compress, stabilize abdomen
intercostal nerve
lordotic curves of spine
cervical, lumbar
INWARD
kyphotic curves of spine
thoracic, sacral
OUTWARD
costotransverse joint
synovial diarthrosis plane uniaxial
TP costal facet, articular facet on tubercle of rib
GLIDING
sternocostal joint 1st rib
cartilaginous synchondrosis synarthrosis
costal notch manubrium, anterior end 1st rib cartilage
no movement
sternocostal joint 2-7 ribs
synovial diarthrosis plane uniaxial
costal facet sternum (rib 2 is at sternal angle) , anterior end 2-7 rib cartilages
slight gliding
costochondral joint
cartilaginous synchondrosis synarthrosis
lat edge of costal cartilage, medial end of rib
no ligaments
only slightw
which thoracic spine joint has no ligaments
costochondral
manubriosternal joint
cartilaginous symphysis amphiarthrosis uniaxial
inferior margin of manubrium, superior margin of body of sternum
slight flexion / extension during breathing
xiphisternal joint
cartilaginous synchondrosis amphiarthrosis uniaxial
inferior margin of body of sternum
superior margin xiphoid process
sternoxiphoid lig
slight flex/ext
where is the supraspinous ligament
tips of SP’s from C7 to sacrum
continuation of nuchal lgament
what does the ligamentum flavum attach
vertebral arch above to vertebral arch below
T SPINE ranges of motion
flexion
extension
lateral flexion
rotation
thoracic spine muscles in layers
traps, lats
rhomboids, lev scap
serratus posterior’s
splenius capitis, cervicis
erector spinae
transversospinalis
what actions does the lat dorsi have on the spine
uni: lat flexion, assist in tilting pelvis
bilater: hyperextend spine, flex spine
what structures does the anterior arch have
articular facet for dens
anterior tubercles
fovea dentis
what structures does the lateral mass have (no vertebral body)
tubercle for transverse ligament
superior/inferior articular facet
transverse foramen
transverse process
what structures does the posterior arch have
posterior tubercle
groove for vertebral artery
what are normal end feels
bony, soft tissue approximation, tissue stretch
what differentiates the typical lumbar vertebrae from all over vertebrae’s
mamillary process
on typical lumbar vertebra what connects the lamina to the pedicles
superior articular process
where are facet joints in lumbar spine
between vertebral arches
where are intervertebral joints in lumbar spine
between vertebral bodies
rectus abdominis
pubic crest, pubic symphysis
costal cartilage ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
flexion of trunk, posterior pelvic tilt, compress/ stabilize abdomen
intercostal nerve
pyramidalis
pubic crest
linea alba
tense linea alba
SUBCOSTAL nerve
psoas major
ventral surface of TP of L1-L5, bodies of corresponding discs of T12, L1-L5
lesser trochanter of femur
flex, lat rotation of hip, flexion, lat flexion of spinal joints, anterior pelvic tilt
lumbar plexus
psoas minor
sides of bodies of T12,L1 and disc between them
iliopectineal eminence, arcuate line of ilium, iliac fasica
flexion of pelvis on lumbar spine
lumbar plexus
iliacus
superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, internal lip iliac crest, iliolumbar & sacroiliac ligaments, ala of sacrum
lateral side of tendon of psoas major, distal to lesser trochanter
flexion and lateral rotation of hip, anterior pelvic tilt
femoral nerve
what could a tight iliopsoas muscle cause
hyperlordosis
anterior pelvic tilt of lumbar spine
how many intervertebral discs of spine and where do they start and end
23 starting at C2/C3 ending at L5/S1
how many spinal nerves
31 pairs
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
starting at occiput at c1
end at Co1 inside the sacral hiatus w S5
vertebral bodies - heights
cervical - equal height
thoracic - thicker posteriorly than anteriorly
lumbar - heights vary
L1- higher posteriorly
L2- equal
L3- higher anteriorly
disc thickness
cervical - thicker anteriorly
thoracic - equal
lumbar - thicker anteriorly
where is the last intervertebral disc
at the end of vertebral column at L5
which deep anterior cervical muscle does only lateral flexion
rectus capitis lateralis
what is the rib cage composed of
sternum, ribs, joints
what are the true ribs, and another name for them
1-7
vertebrosternal
atypical ribs
1,2,10,11,12
typical ribs
3-9
how many facets do ribs 1, 10-12 have
ONE articular facet on head
11, 12 HAVE NO NECK
what rib is in line w the sternal angle
rib 2
occiput is CONVEX
Atlas is CONCAVE
what nerve innervates infrahyoids
ansa cervicalis
what nerve for deep anterior neck muscles
ventral rami
what is a distinguishable factor of thoracic spine
costal / demi facets for ribs to attach
the head of one rib articulates w two vertebral bodies
T2-T8 how many demifacets
one superior
one inferior
how many demifacets for T1
full superior facet for rib 1
inferior demi facet for rib2
if you wanted to test thoracic rotation what would you get the patient to do
sit down - takes out lumbar rotation
actions of traps split it
upper - cervical spine= extension, contra rotation, ipsi side bending, adduction, retraction, elevate scap
middle - adductin of scap, retraction
lower - depress scap, downward rotation, adduct scap
when diaphragm contracts is there more or less pressure in chest cavity
less
which oblique does contralateral rotation
external
what action does the rectus abdominis do
trunk flexion, posterior pelvic tilt
where does the C8 spinal nerve exit
below C7 on top of T1
what 2 structures form the vertebral foramen
superior vertebral notch and inferior vertebral notch
which suboccipital only does ipsilateral rotation of head ?
(not extend)
obliquus capitis inferior
which suboccipital laterally flexes head
obliquus posterior superior
where is there no lateral flexion in the cervical spine
C1-C2
where is there no rotation happening in the cervical spine
CO-C1
what lies on the tubercle of a typical rib
articular facet
what are the two notches called on either side of xiphoid process
costal notches
what direction do the iliacus and psoas major tilt the pelvis
anteriorly
