sac 5 brain structure

Question 1

3 main areas

Answer 1

1. hindbrain
2. midbrain
3. forebrain

Question 2

hindbrain contains

Answer 2

• cerebellum
• medulla
• pons

Question 3

cerebellum

Answer 3

coordinates fine muscles movements and regulates posture balance. responsible for learning and memory in relation to movement

Question 4

medulla

Answer 4

continuation of the spinal cord that connects to the brain. controls vital bodily functions such as swallowing, breathing, heart rate and blood pressure

Question 5

pons

Answer 5

involved in sleep, dreaming and waking up. also helps control breathing and coordinating muscle movements. also connects parts of the brain by by relaying messages between the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum, and between the medulla and midbrain

Question 6

midbrain

Answer 6

receives lots of information from the eyes and ears, and processes this to help produce orienting movements. it responds to your surroundings.

Question 7

midbrain contains

Answer 7

reticular formation

Question 8

reticular formation

Answer 8

• runs through the centre of the midbrain and hindbrain up to the forebrain
• helps filter information so as not over load the bran
• helps maintain consciousness and regulate arousal and muscles

Question 9

reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 9

• extends in many directions to different parts of the brain and spinal cord
  regulates arousal
• influences whether we are awake, dreaming or asleep
• influences what 2we pay attention to by sending a stream of impulses that keep the cerebral cortex active
• does not initiate movement but can modify it once it has begun

Question 10

forebrain functions & what it contains

Answer 10

regulates complex cognitive processes, emotion and personality.
- hypothalamus
- thalamus
- cerebrum

Question 11

hypothalamus

Answer 11

maintains the bodies internal environment. regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. influences behaviours associated with basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, sleep

Question 12

thalamus

Answer 12

filters information from almost all the sensory receptor sites (except the nose) and passes it to relevant areas of the brain for further processing.
- info passes through thalamus to the lower brain structures and out the PNS
- plays a role in attention

Question 13

cerebrum

Answer 13

where neurons form connections. receives and processes incoming and outgoing info divided into two hemispheres connected by the corpus collosum

Question 14

cortical lobes are + list

Answer 14

areas of the cerebral cortex associated with different functions
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe

Question 15

frontal lobe includes

Answer 15

the somaticsensory ortex
the primary motor cortex
prefrontal cortex
brocas area

Question 16

the premotor cortex

Answer 16

plans appropriate movement and sends
information to the primary motor cortex

Question 17

the primary motor cortex

Answer 17

initiates and controls voluntary movements

Question 18

prefrontal cortex

Answer 18

involved with sophisticated mental abilities such
as:
reasoning
planning
problem solving
decision making
symbolic thinking
regulation of emotions and expression of emotional reaction
initiating appropriate and inhibiting inappropriate behaviour

Question 19

broca’s area

Answer 19

Involved with the production of
articulate speech

Question 20

parietal lobe

Answer 20

Receives and processes somatosensory
information

Question 21

Somatosensory

Answer 21

relating to or denoting a
sensation (such as pressure, pain, or warmth)
which can occur anywhere in the body, in
contrast to one localised at a sense organ
(such as sight, balance, or taste)

Question 22

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 22

receives and processes sensory
information from the skin and body parts

Question 23

occipital lobe

Answer 23

Is almost exclusively devoted to the sense of
vision.
has the primary visual cortex which is located at the back of the occipital lobe and is a major destination for visual information

Question 24

temporal lobe

Answer 24

• Involved with auditory perception
• Plays an important role in memory
• Plays a role in visual perception such as our ability to identify objects and recognise faces
• triggers Emotional responses to sensory
  information and memories.

Question 25

primary auditory cortex

Answer 25

temporal lobe receives and processes sounds from both ears so that we can perceive and identify different types of sounds

Question 26

wernicke’s area

Answer 26

area of cortex in the left temporal lobe,
located near the primary auditory cortex and
connected to Broca’s area by a bundle of nerves.
involved in the comprehension of speech.

Question 27

hemispheric specialisation

Answer 27

the idea that one hemisphere has specialised functions . known as hemispheric dominance and lateralisation

Question 28

left hemisphere functions

Answer 28

• receives and processes sensations from the right side of the body
• controls movement on the right side of the body
• verbal asks
• analysis in maths
• logical reasoning

Question 29

right hemisphere functions

Answer 29

• receives and processes sensations from the left side of the body
• controls movement on the left side of the body
• spatial and visual skills
• recognising emotions
• appreciation of art and music

Question 30

corpus collosum

Answer 30

nerve tissue that connects the two hemispheres of the brain to allow them to share information