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Psychology > sac 1 (visual) > Flashcards

sac 1 (visual) Flashcards

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1
Q

sensation

A

The process by which our sense organs and receptors detect and respond to a sensory stimulus (raw sensory data which is sent to the brain).

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2
Q

perception

A

the process where we process and give meaning or understanding to sensory information.

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3
Q

distinguish sensation and perception

A

Distinguished for the purpose of studying, however there is no clear boundary between the two

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4
Q

6 stages of sensation and perception

A 
Reception
Transduction
Transmission
Selection
Organisation
Interpretation
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5
Q

reception

A

the detection and response to sensory information on the body

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6
Q

transduction

A

process by which energy from the sensory information is converted into a form electro chemical energy that can travel along neural pathways.

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7
Q

transmission

A

process of sending sensory data to the relevant areas of the brain via the thalamus.

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8
Q

selection

A

acts like a filter of sensory information enabling selection of only what is relevant.

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9
Q

organisation

A

regrouping together the individual components of sensory information that we have selected and recognises the image so that we are presented with meaningful information.

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10
Q

interpretation

A

sensory information is given meaning

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11
Q

photoreceptor and their purposes

A

Rods - used for conditions with low light, only registers black and white
Cones - used for conditions with highlight, can see all visible colours

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12
Q

The eye

A 
iris 
pupil 
lens 
cornea 
retina 
optic nerve
ciliary muscle
blind spot
aqueous humor
vitreous humor
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13
Q

Gestalt Principles, list 4

A 
describes ways that we organise parts of a visual scene by grouping them to interpret a whole, complete image and make sense of it.
figure ground 
closure
similarity
proximity
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14
Q

figure ground

A

organises visual information by dividing what we see into a ‘figure’ which stands out from the background
(camouflage is when the figure and the background are not easily separated)

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15
Q

closure

A

the tendency to mentally close the gaps in an image in order to perceive objects as a whole

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16
Q

similarity

A

the habit we have of perceiving parts of a visual image that have similar features as belonging together as a group

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17
Q

proximity

A

perceiving parts of an image which are positioned close together as belonging in a group. we group things based on how close they are to each other

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18
Q

visual perception principles

A

gestalt principles
depth cues
perceptual constancies
they help us organise and make sense of visual information.

19
Q

pupil

A

an opening in the iris that controls the amount of light let into the eye

20
Q

lens

A

focuses light onto the retina, also changes its shape depending on how far away something is so you can still see it clearly

21
Q

cornea

A

convex shaped covering that protects the eye and helps focus light rays onto the retina

22
Q

retina

A

receives and absorbs light, image is focused onto retina and inverted

23
Q

optic nerve

A

carries image to the brain

24
Q

list pictorial depth cues

A

linear perspective - parallel lines coming together
interposition - overlap, things in front are closer
texture gradient - more detail close up
relative size - bigger closer, smaller further away
height in the visual field - closer to horizon further away

25
Q

perceptual constancies

A

how we perceive an object as remaining stable an unchanging despite any changes in the location of the retina.
size constancy
shape constancy
brightness constancy

26
Q

perceptual set + list

A

the influence of our expectations on the interpretation of visual images

  • past experience
  • context
  • motivation
  • emotional state
  • cultural back ground
27
Q

past experience can set us up to..

A

see something depending on our individual life experiences

28
Q

context

A

the setting or environment you are in when you perceive something and how our visual perception of something can change depending on this

29
Q

motivation

A

internal processes cause behaviours directed toward achieving a particular goal. often we can see what we want to see.

30
Q

emotional state

A

different emotions can set us up to see things consistently with the emotions we are feeling.

31
Q

cultural background

A

can set us up to perceive things in ways different from people from other cultures

32
Q

ciliary muscle

A

moves the lens and changes shape of it, bulges to focus on close objects and flattens to focus on things far away

33
Q

binocular depth cues

A

two eyes working together
convergence - when our eyes turn inwards to focus on something that is very close
retinal disparity - is how because our eyes are far apart we take in two separate images and our brain compares and combines these images

34
Q

depth perception

A

how we can estimate the distance of objects and therefore see the world in 3d by using cues in the environment

35
Q

monocular depth cues

A

one eye
accommodation - the automatic adjustment of the shape of the lens to focus on an object depending on its distance.
pictorial cues - used by artists to create depth in 2d images

36
Q

perceptual distortion

A

inconsistency or mismatch between interpretation and reality

37
Q

visual illusions

A

c1onsistant misinterpretation of real sensory information. every time we look at the same sensory information we experience the same misinterpretation

38
Q

muller lyer illusion

A

biological explanation
thought to be different types of eye movement but since proven incorrect

psychological explanation
past experience, misinterpret the illusion based on familiarity with 3d objects, square buildings

social explanation
culture, environment, past experience. people who don’t live in square shaped buildings mightn’t fall for the illusion

39
Q

Ames room

A

manipulates our depth cues, monocular depth cues only, distorts size constancy

40
Q

synaesthesia

A

perceptual experience where stimulation of

one sense produces additional unusual experiences in another. changes perceptual experience of the sense

41
Q

vitreous humour

A

clear gel that fills space between the lens and the retina. keeps eyes shape, allows light to pass through

42
Q

aqueous humour

A

fluid produced by the eye that provides nutrition and protects the eyes

43
Q

lobe of the brain where visual information is processed

A

occipital lobe

Psychology (23 decks)

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