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NEURO > Rx Eye (3-25-14) > Flashcards

Rx Eye (3-25-14) Flashcards

1
Q

What receptor types are on ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae?

A

M3

Gq

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2
Q

M2 has what type of secondary signaling?

A

Gi

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3
Q

levator palpebrae superior (tarsal part), what type of signaling?

A

a1

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4
Q

What receptor types are on the dilator pupillae?

A

a1

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5
Q

What receptor type is on the Orbital muscle of Muller?

A

a1

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6
Q

what receptor type is in the superior cervical ganglion?

A

Nn

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7
Q

atropine

A

“cycloplegics” = paralysis of ciliary muscle (M3/Gq)= blocks PS
blocks ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

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8
Q

scopolamine

A

“cycloplegics” = paralysis of ciliary muscle (M3/Gq)= blocks PS
blocks ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

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9
Q

homatropine

A

“cycloplegics” = paralysis of ciliary muscle (M3/Gq)= blocks PS
blocks ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

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10
Q

acetylcholine

A

stimulates ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae = PS

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11
Q

carbachol

A

stimulates ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae = PS

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12
Q

pilocarpine

A

stimulates ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae = PS

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13
Q

phenylephrine

A

“mydriatics” = stimulate dilator pupillae

a1 (Gq)

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14
Q

apraclonidine

A

“mydriatics” = stimulate dilator pupillae

a1 (Gq)

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15
Q

latanoprost

A

relaxes ciliary muscle = pulls lens flat = sympathetic

PGF2a agonist

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16
Q

Timolol

A

inhibits relaxation of ciliary muscle (antagonist B2/Gs)

inhibits ciliary epithelium –> aqueous humor production (antagonist B1/B2/Gs)

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17
Q

Betaxolol

A

B1-selective
inhibits relaxation of ciliary muscle (B2/Gs antagonist)
inhibits release of aqueous humor from ciliary epithelium (B1/B2/Gs)

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18
Q

what is the treatment for Staphlococcal Conjunctivitis?

A

Azithromycin

Erythromycin

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19
Q

Treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis?

A

ceftriaxone

20
Q

Treatment for gonococcal corneal ulcer

A

ceftriaxone

21
Q

treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

azithromycin

doxycycline

22
Q

what fluoroquinolones do you give to treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

ciprofloxacin

levofloxacin

23
Q

what aminoglycosides do you give to treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Gentamycin

tobramycin

24
Q

what do you give to treat HSV conjunctivitis?

A

acyclovir

25
Q

What do you giev to treat HSV infection of CN V1?

A

acyclovir

26
Q

cromolyn sodium

A

treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
mast cell stabilizer
for chronic allergies

27
Q

nedocromil sodium

A

treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
mast cell stabilizer
for chronic allergies
blocks eosinophil and neutrophil chemotaxis

28
Q

ketorolac

A

treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
topical NSAID (can give IV)
can reduce itching, stings when applied

29
Q

hydrocortisone

A

topical corticosteroid for allergic conjunctivitis

30
Q

fexofenadine

A

oral antihistamine for allergic conjunctivitis

31
Q

cetirizine

A

oral antihistamine for allergic conjunctivitis

32
Q

loratadine

A

oral antihistamine for allergic conjunctivitis

33
Q

what do you give to treat anterior uveitis –> ciliary muscle spasm –> pain/photophobia?

A

cycloplegics (M-blocker)

  • homatropine
  • scopolamine
  • atropine
34
Q

what do you give to treat iris-lens adhesions (synechiae)?

fibrin released into anterior chamber in anterior uveitis –> causes iris-lens adhesions

A

Mydriatics (a-agonist)

Phenylephrine

35
Q

what will you see in someone’s eye if they have end-organ damage from HTN?

A

Grade 3

  • hemorrhage
  • cotton wool spots
  • hard exudates

Grade 4
-papilledema

36
Q

Treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

A

ACEI/ARB
B-Blocker

bevacizumab (VEGF-blocker)

37
Q

Treatment of Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?

A

bevacizumab (VEGF-blocker)

38
Q

What are clinical signs of Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?

A
  • retinal pigment : hyperpig, hypopig, atrophy, detached
  • choroidal neovascularization
  • retinal edema
39
Q

Treatment for cataracts?

A

Pantethine (Aldose reductase inhibitor)

40
Q

What is the pathogensis of Cataracts?

A
  • age-related crystallin unfolding
  • sorbitol-induced lens edema
  • galactosemia = accumulation of galactitol
41
Q

What is Benign Essential Blepharospasm? What’s the treatment for it?

A

spasm of orbicularis oculi –> eyelid closure

Rx = botox

42
Q

when do you use topical steroids in the eye?

A 
anterior segment inflammation: 
allergic conjunctivitis
uveitis
episcleritis
scleritis
superficial punctate keratitis
interstitial keratitis
43
Q

What are the side effects of using topical steroids in the eye?

A

Microbial keratitis

44
Q

What are the contraindications to using topical steroids in the eye?

A

corneal ulcers (ulcerative keratitis)

45
Q

what topical steroids do you use in the eye?

A

hydrocortisone
prednisolone
dexamethasone

NEURO (18 decks)

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