Rx Eye (3-25-14)

Question 1

What receptor types are on ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae?

Answer 1

M3

Gq

Question 2

M2 has what type of secondary signaling?

Answer 2

Gi

Question 3

levator palpebrae superior (tarsal part), what type of signaling?

Answer 3

a1

Question 4

What receptor types are on the dilator pupillae?

Answer 4

a1

Question 5

What receptor type is on the Orbital muscle of Muller?

Answer 5

a1

Question 6

what receptor type is in the superior cervical ganglion?

Answer 6

Nn

Question 7

atropine

Answer 7

“cycloplegics” = paralysis of ciliary muscle (M3/Gq)= blocks PS
blocks ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

Question 8

scopolamine

Answer 8

“cycloplegics” = paralysis of ciliary muscle (M3/Gq)= blocks PS
blocks ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

Question 9

homatropine

Answer 9

“cycloplegics” = paralysis of ciliary muscle (M3/Gq)= blocks PS
blocks ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

Question 10

acetylcholine

Answer 10

stimulates ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae = PS

Question 11

carbachol

Answer 11

stimulates ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae = PS

Question 12

pilocarpine

Answer 12

stimulates ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae = PS

Question 13

phenylephrine

Answer 13

“mydriatics” = stimulate dilator pupillae

a1 (Gq)

Question 14

apraclonidine

Answer 14

“mydriatics” = stimulate dilator pupillae

a1 (Gq)

Question 15

latanoprost

Answer 15

relaxes ciliary muscle = pulls lens flat = sympathetic

PGF2a agonist

Question 16

Timolol

Answer 16

inhibits relaxation of ciliary muscle (antagonist B2/Gs)

inhibits ciliary epithelium –> aqueous humor production (antagonist B1/B2/Gs)

Question 17

Betaxolol

Answer 17

B1-selective
inhibits relaxation of ciliary muscle (B2/Gs antagonist)
inhibits release of aqueous humor from ciliary epithelium (B1/B2/Gs)

Question 18

what is the treatment for Staphlococcal Conjunctivitis?

Answer 18

Azithromycin

Erythromycin

Question 19

Treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis?

Answer 19

ceftriaxone

Question 20

Treatment for gonococcal corneal ulcer

Answer 20

ceftriaxone

Question 21

treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis?

Answer 21

azithromycin

doxycycline

Question 22

what fluoroquinolones do you give to treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 22

ciprofloxacin

levofloxacin

Question 23

what aminoglycosides do you give to treat bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 23

Gentamycin

tobramycin

Question 24

what do you give to treat HSV conjunctivitis?

Answer 24

acyclovir

Question 25

What do you giev to treat HSV infection of CN V1?

Answer 25

acyclovir

Question 26

cromolyn sodium

Answer 26

treatment of allergic conjunctivitis mast cell stabilizer for chronic allergies

Question 27

nedocromil sodium

Answer 27

treatment of allergic conjunctivitis mast cell stabilizer for chronic allergies blocks eosinophil and neutrophil chemotaxis

Question 28

ketorolac

Answer 28

treatment of allergic conjunctivitis topical NSAID (can give IV) can reduce itching, stings when applied

Question 29

hydrocortisone

Answer 29

topical corticosteroid for allergic conjunctivitis

Question 30

fexofenadine

Answer 30

oral antihistamine for allergic conjunctivitis

Question 31

cetirizine

Answer 31

oral antihistamine for allergic conjunctivitis

Question 32

loratadine

Answer 32

oral antihistamine for allergic conjunctivitis

Question 33

what do you give to treat anterior uveitis --> ciliary muscle spasm --> pain/photophobia?

Answer 33

cycloplegics (M-blocker) - homatropine - scopolamine - atropine

Question 34

what do you give to treat iris-lens adhesions (synechiae)? | fibrin released into anterior chamber in anterior uveitis --> causes iris-lens adhesions

Answer 34

Mydriatics (a-agonist) | Phenylephrine

Question 35

what will you see in someone's eye if they have end-organ damage from HTN?

Answer 35

Grade 3 - hemorrhage - cotton wool spots - hard exudates Grade 4 -papilledema

Question 36

Treatment for diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 36

ACEI/ARB B-Blocker bevacizumab (VEGF-blocker)

Question 37

Treatment of Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?

Answer 37

bevacizumab (VEGF-blocker)

Question 38

What are clinical signs of Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?

Answer 38

- retinal pigment : hyperpig, hypopig, atrophy, detached - choroidal neovascularization - retinal edema

Question 39

Treatment for cataracts?

Answer 39

Pantethine (Aldose reductase inhibitor)

Question 40

What is the pathogensis of Cataracts?

Answer 40

- age-related crystallin unfolding - sorbitol-induced lens edema - galactosemia = accumulation of galactitol

Question 41

What is Benign Essential Blepharospasm? What's the treatment for it?

Answer 41

spasm of orbicularis oculi --> eyelid closure | Rx = botox

Question 42

when do you use topical steroids in the eye?

Answer 42

``` anterior segment inflammation: allergic conjunctivitis uveitis episcleritis scleritis superficial punctate keratitis interstitial keratitis ```

Question 43

What are the side effects of using topical steroids in the eye?

Answer 43

Microbial keratitis

Question 44

What are the contraindications to using topical steroids in the eye?

Answer 44

corneal ulcers (ulcerative keratitis)

Question 45

what topical steroids do you use in the eye?

Answer 45

hydrocortisone prednisolone dexamethasone