Cerebellum 3/10/14

Question 1

what cerebellar peduncle carries outputs from the cerebellum?

Answer 1

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Brachium Conjunctivum

Question 2

Name the deep Cerebellar Nuclei from lateral to medial?

Answer 2

Dentate
Emboliform
Globose
Fastigial 
"Don't Eat Greasy Food"

Question 3

what does the dentate (deep cerebellar nucleus) receive inputs from?

Answer 3

• largest of the 4 nuclei

- inputs from lateral cerebellar hemispheres

Question 4

What is the interposed nuclei?

Answer 4

Emboliform Nuclei

Globose Nuclei

Question 5

what actions does the vermis control? What does a lesion do?

Answer 5

trunk/proximal muscles

esions –> gait = truncal ataxia

Question 6

what actions does the flocculonodular lobes control? What does a lesion do?

Answer 6

• vestibulo-ocular control

- lesion –> eye movement abnormalities, vertigo, nausea, vomiting

Question 7

what actions does the intermediate part of the cerebellum control? What does a lesion do?

Answer 7

• distal/limb muscles

- lesion –> appendicular ataxia

Question 8

what actions does the lateral part of the cerebellum control? What does a lesion do?

Answer 8

• planning the motor program for the extremities

- lesions –> minimal deficits

Question 9

what cell layer carries all output from the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 9

Purkinje Cell Layer

Question 10

inhibitory axons project…

Answer 10

downwards

Question 11

excitatory axons project..

Answer 11

upwards

Question 12

Describe the pathway of the lateral hemisphere

Answer 12

Purkinje cell axons
dentate nucleus
goes t/ the superior cerebellar peduncle
–> contralateral VL –> motor cortex
–> contralateral red nucleus –> inferior olivary nucleus –> contralateral olivocerebellar fibers

Question 13

Describe the pathway of the intermediate hemisphere

Answer 13

purkinje cell
interposed nuclei = emboliform + globose
t/ superior cerebellar peduncle
–> contralateral VL –> motor cortex
–> contralateral Red Nucleus –> Rubrospinal Tract

Question 14

Describe the pathway of the vermis + flocculonodular lobes

Answer 14

purkinje cell
fastigial nucleus
–> tectum
–> VL bilaterally –> motor cortex

the fastigial nucleus + floccculonodular lobe project to the vestibular nuclei influencing extraocular movements

Question 15

Most common “low grade” benign childhood glioma. Describe the MRI and Histo findings

Answer 15

Pilocytic Astrocytoma = WHO 1
MRI –> cystic
Histo –> Rosenthal fibers = fat pink fibers

Question 16

Most common malignant childhood CNS neoplasm

Answer 16

medulloblastoma = WHO 4

subtypes. ..
- classic = small blue cells
- anaplastic large cell = Rosette

Question 17

Ependymoma

• who gets it
• location in CNS?
• histo findings

Answer 17

children + adults
4th ventricle
spinal cord
ependymoma = grade 2
anaplastic ependymoma = grade 3 
BV w/ small blue cells around it "bike wheel"

Question 18

Hemangioblastoma (VHL syndrome)

• MRI
• Histo

Answer 18

MRI = solid-cystic lesion
Histo = lipid-positive cells; vascular = looks like a blood clot

Question 19

Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome causes what tumors:

Answer 19

Renal Cell CA
Pheochromocytoma
Visceral Cysts
Hemangioblastomas