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RS Christianity Flashcards

1
Q

(A) question

A

Outlining 3 facts

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2
Q

Characteristics of God the Son

A

Expresses the love of God through his death on the cross

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3
Q

Characteristics of God the Holy Spirit

A

• Presence of God everywhere in the world
• Strengthens and empowers Christians
• Acts as a comforter and guide

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4
Q

Incarnate definition

A

God in bodily form

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5
Q

What are the 2 interpretations of the Bible

A

Liberal and literal

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6
Q

Literal interpretation of the Bible

A

• Creationists believe that the creation account is literally true
• The Bible is the sacred Word of God and should be interpreted how it is
• Any scientific explanations are rejected

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7
Q

Metaphorical interpretation of the Bible

A

• The creation account is a metaphor and not literally true
• It’s a story that helps people understand that God is the creator of all things

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8
Q

Stewardship meaning

A

Taking care of God’s creation

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9
Q

Dominion

A

Having authority over God’s creation

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10
Q

John 1:1 (Oneness of God)

A

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God and the Word was God

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11
Q

John 1:14 (incarnation)

A

The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us

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12
Q

Importance of the incarnation

A

• Jesus reconciled humanity to God
• Shows that God loves the world
• Shows that Jesus can identify with our sufferings after experiencing life on earth

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13
Q

Last Days of Jesus’ Life

A

• Palm Sunday
• Last Supper
• Betrayal
• Arrest
• Trial
• Crucifixion
• Resurrection
• Ascension

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14
Q

Salvation meaning

A

Being saved from sin and it’s consequences

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15
Q

Grace meaning

A

God’s gift which gives the strength to be good and holy

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16
Q

Atonement

A

bringing humans back together with God

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17
Q

Original Sin

A

Sin inherited from Adam and Eve

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18
Q

Personal sin meaning

A

Sin done through your own actions

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19
Q

Romans 5:8 (omnibenevolence)

A

God demonstrates his love for us in this: while we were still sinners, Christ died for us

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20
Q

Immortality of the soul meaning

A

The idea that a soul lives on after the death of the body

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21
Q

Purgatory definition

A

a waiting room Catholics believe souls after death will go to be purified

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22
Q

Agnostic meaning

A

Someone who is unsure as to whether God exists

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23
Q

Mass or Eucharist definition

A

Celebration of Jesus’ death and resurrection in which the bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ

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24
Q

Features of the Trinity

A

• One God in the form of 3 persons • Each person is fully God • Each person is distinct and separate

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25
Q

Beliefs about the incarnation

A

• Jesus was God incarnate living among the people
• Jesus being God incarnate taught people what God was like
• Jesus’ purpose was to restore our relationship with God through his death and resurrection

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26
Q

Significance of Jesus’ death on the cross

A

• Proves of his humanity and was God incarnate
• Restored relationship between humanity and God
• Shows how God loves us (Romans 5:8)

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27
Q

Significance of the resurrection

A

• Shows that life after death is possible
• Death can be overcome and Christians are able to have an eternal relationship with God
• (John 3:16)

• Allows our sins to be forgiven
• Jesus has reconciled humanity with God
• (Acts 16:31)

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28
Q

Divergent Christian views on heaven

A

Some Christians believe it is a physical place and only those who believe in Jesus will be saved whereas others believe it is a spiritual state and and is open to everyone through Jesus’ death

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29
Q

Eschatology definition

A

Study of life after death

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30
Q

Divergent Christian views on purgatory

A

• Catholics believe souls will be purified in purgatory before entering heaven • Protestants believe purgatory is invented and has no biblical basis

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31
Q

Moral evil

A

Suffering caused by humans
eg murder and theft

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32
Q

Natural evil

A

Suffering caused by natural events eg earthquakes and diseases

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33
Q

Biblical solutions to the problem of evil and suffering

A

• Suffering is a part of life (Job’s faith is tested)
• Christians should put their trust in God (Proverbs 3:5)
• Christians can pray to God for comfort
• All suffering will come to an end (Revelation 21:4)

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34
Q

Revelation 21:4
(Biblical solution to suffering)

A

‘There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain…’

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35
Q

Who is Job?

A

A godly man who suffered great hardship after being challenged by Satan with his faith in God

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36
Q

Theoretical solutions to the problem of evil and suffering

A

• Suffering is the result of free will
• The world is a vale of soul making
• Suffering can help people develop a better character

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37
Q

Source of authority for theoretical solutions to suffering

A

In Genesis 2-3, Adam and Eve brought evil and suffering into the world after disobeying God with their free will

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38
Q

Vale of soul making definition

A

The belief that God created this world to develop our souls

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39
Q

Practical responses to suffering

A

• Christians have a duty to help reduce suffering • Intercession • Compassion • Charity Work

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40
Q

Intercession meaning

A

Praying for God to help those suffering

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41
Q

Source of Authority for practical responses to suffering

A

• New Testament teaches Christians that Jesus regarded suffering as something to be fought
• He did this by healing the sick and feeding the hungry

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42
Q

Key reference points in the Bible

A

John 1:1, John 1:14, John 3:16, Acts 16:31, Romans 5:8, Revelation 21:4

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43
Q

Beliefs about salvation

A

• Jesus’ death and resurrection brought atonement
• Everyone has sinned against God
• Christians able to enter heaven after: repenting and having faith in Jesus
• (Acts 16:31)

44
Q

Beliefs about the Trinity in the Nicene Creed

A

• There is only one God
• The Holy Spirit is the giver of life
• Jesus is God incarnate
• Jesus is the Son of God

45
Q

Marriage meaning
[][][]

A

The legal union of two people in a relationship

46
Q

SOA for marriage in Christianity

A

A man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh. Mark 10 : 7- 8

47
Q

Cohabitation

A

A couple living together in a sexual relationship without marriage

48
Q

Importance of marriage in society

A

• Provides a secure environment for children to grow up in • Provides legal protection for the family • Encourages a stable relationship • Viewed as a civil ceremony

49
Q

Christian beliefs about marriage

A

• Sanctity of marriage (Marriage is special because it’s a holy gift from God)

• Catholics believe it’s a sacrament (ceremony where there’s God’s grace)

• Requires faithfulness and is a life long relationship

• A covenant before God

• The Church believes it’s ‘central to the stability and health of human society’

• Jesus believed in monogamy

50
Q

Promiscuity meaning

A

Having multiple sexual relationships

51
Q

Extramarital sex meaning

A

Having an affair outside your marriage

52
Q

Premarital sex meaning

A

Sex before marriage

53
Q

Homosexuality meaning

A

Sexual attraction to people of the same sex

54
Q

Why are some Christians against cohabitation?

A

• Christianity teaches that sex outside of marriage is wrong (Sex must happen exclusively within marriage - Catholic Church)
• Cohabitation can encourage a casual attitude to marriage
• Increases the likelihood of breaking up

55
Q

Purposes of sex

A

• Unitive (brings a couple together) • Marital (Marriage is consummated by sex) • Procreative (to be open to produce children) • God ask Christians to ‘go forth and multiply’ in Genesis

56
Q

Christian beliefs regarding sex

A

• It should be between a man and woman (Mark‬ ‭10:7-8)
• Conservatives believe sex first requires the commitment of marriage
• Adultery is wrong and is forbidden by the Ten Commandments
• Adultery breaks the covenant before God

57
Q

Conservative Christian views towards homosexuality

A

Catholics believe:
• Sex should be between a man and woman
• Homosexuality is not a sin but homosexual sexual relationships are sinful

Evangelical Protestants believe:
• Homosexuality is a sin
• However the salvation of Christ can remove all sins, including homosexuality

58
Q

How has attitudes to marriage and family changed over the years?

A

More people are likely to: • Have premarital sex • Be promiscuous • Cohabit • Use contraception • Not be in a nuclear family
• This could be due to economic pressures or society becoming more accepting of autonomy (Independence of people (to choose their partner)
• Single parent families have increased as divorces have increased

59
Q

Contraception meaning

A

Method that prevents conception during sex

60
Q

Christian views against contraception

A

• Catholics believe birth control is not God’s intention and it goes against the procreative purpose of sex
• (Sex should have the possibility of creating new life - Humanae Vitae)

• Some contraceptives have abortifacient effects which are against Church teachings and can be considered blasphemous

61
Q

Catholic views towards divorce

A

• They do not allow a divorce unless the marriage is annulled, not consummated or if the partner has died
• Catholics who remarry may be refused communion
• Covenant before God and lifelong relationship shouldn’t be broken by earthly power
• Jesus taught divorce and remarriage is adultery and therefore is a sin
• Alternatives like counselling and therapy should be considered

62
Q

Non - Catholic views towards divorce

A

• Christians are allowed forgiveness and a new chance at marriage if they’re repentant • Divorce is allowed

63
Q

Atheist and humanist attitudes towards divorce (& Situation Ethics)

A

• They believe couples should have the right to divorce and also remarry • It ensures that children are well provided for • Brings domestic peace • Ends a child’s exposure to potential parental conflict • Gives a chance for a fresh start and new relationships

64
Q

Nuclear family

A

A mother, father and their children

65
Q

Disadvantages of divorce

A

• Expensive process • Can hurt children as they’re forced to choose between their parents

66
Q

Divorce meaning

A

Legal ending of a marriage

67
Q

Annulment

A

A declaration by the Church that a marriage wasn’t a true marriage

68
Q

SOAs for men and women in the family

A

• Genesis 1 says that men and women are created in the image of God (and therefore are equal) • Ephesians 5 says a wife should submit to their husband and a husband should love his wife (so they have different roles)• Genesis 2 says man was created first with the woman being created as a helper (so men are superior)

69
Q

Christian views on gender roles in the family

A

Conservative Christians (eg Catholics & Evangelical Protestants) teach that it’s the mother’s role to look after the children while the father’s role is work • Liberal Christians (eg Liberal Protestants) accept that men and women are equal therefore it’s not necessary to have a head of family

70
Q

Why is the family important to Christians?

A

• Jesus loves children
(Let the little children come to me, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to them - Matthew 19:14)

• Children are a gift from God and should be brought up in a loving environment

• Children are introduced to the faith through baptism and Sunday school
(bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord - Ephesians 6:4)

• Children have a duty to look after parents and to honour them (10 commandments)

71
Q

Sacrament meaning

A

A ceremony where God’s grace is given

72
Q

Monogamy

A

Marriage to one person at a time

73
Q

SOA for sex outside of marriage

A

1 Corinthians 6 :18 - Run from sexual sin. For sexual immorality is a sin against your own body

74
Q

Christian views for contraception

A

Protestants allow contraception as nothing in the Bible forbids it • Prevents the risk of getting infections • Sex was created for enjoyment and cements bonds of marriage

75
Q

Humanist/ Atheist attitudes to sex

A

• It can happen pre-maritally
• Requires consent
• Contraceptives can be used for safety
• Accepts same sex relationships

76
Q

Liberal Christian views towards homosexuality

A

Protestants believe:
• We are to love our neighbour as ourselves including homosexuals (Mark 12)
• We are all created in God’s image so they should be accepted (Genesis 1)
• Some Protestants (eg Quakers) celebrate same sex marriages in their churches and allow homosexuals to be church leaders

77
Q

Atheist/Humanist attitudes to homosexuality

A

• Individual liberty and the right to love whoever you want is important • It’s accepted as long as no harm is caused

78
Q

SOA against divorce

A

Matthew 19:9 - whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another, commits adultery

79
Q

Conservative Christian views on gender roles in the Church

A

Catholicism teaches that:
• Only men can be priests as they represent Jesus
• Priests are successors of the apostles and they were all men

Evangelical Protestants believe:
• Women cannot speak in Church
• Eve was led astray by Satan so women might be unworthy of speaking
• Only men can be Church leaders

80
Q

SOAs regarding gender prejudice

A

• You are all one in Christ Jesus (Galatians 3:28)
Therefore Jesus’ resurrection has removed inequality

• God doesn’t show favouritism (Romans 2:11)
Therefore we are equal

• The first person to spread the news of Jesus’ resurrection was a woman (Mary) in the gospel

81
Q

Liberal Christian views on gender roles in the Church

A

Liberal Protestants believe:
• Men and women have equal roles in religion
• Women can be church leaders
• Jesus treated men and women equally

82
Q

Difference between gender discrimination and prejudice

A

Gender prejudice is a judgement made about someone based on their gender • Discrimination is acting on prejudice

83
Q

Celibacy

A

Not having sex

84
Q

Purpose of local parishes

A

• Hold baptisms • Sunday schools • Youth groups • Family counselling • Food-bank donations • Church primary and secondary schools provide Christian education along with standard education

85
Q

Parish meaning

A

An area around a local church

86
Q

SOA against homosexuality

A

Leviticus 18 - You are not to sleep with a man as with a woman; it is detestable

87
Q

SOA for divorce

A

Luke 6:36 Be merciful just as your Father is merciful

88
Q

Five main family types in society today

A

• Nuclear family
• Same sex family
• Extended family
• Single parent family
• Blended family

89
Q

Describe what a blended family is

A

Parents with children from previous relationships

90
Q

Types of contraception

A

Artificial:
Condoms • Diaphragms • Injections • ‘Morning after pills’ that prevent ovulation

Natural:
• Rhythm (planning sex around a woman’s most fertile times to reduce pregnancy)
• Pull out method

91
Q

Situation ethics meaning

A

The Christian belief in ‘loving thy neighbour’ and basing the situation on whether it’s the most loving thing to do

92
Q

How does situation ethics promote the use of contraception?

A

• Improves the health of the woman • Reduces the need for unsafe abortions • Protects against STIs

93
Q

How has Christianity opposed gender prejudice and discrimination?

A

• The Church of England has given people the option to drop the word ‘obey’ from marriage vows • Church of England has begun to ordain woman as priests • Jesus treated men and women equally

94
Q

[][][] Characteristics of God the Father

A

• Omnipotent (all-powerful)
• Omnipresent (all-present)
• Omniscient (all-knowing)
• Omnibenvevolent (all-loving)
• Just
• Transcendent (exists outside of time and universe)

95
Q

Christian beliefs about God’s omnipotence

A

• God created the world out of nothing (no human is able to do that)
• God the Son overcame death and defied natural law

• God created the heavens and the earth Genesis (1:1)

96
Q

Christian beliefs about God’s omnibenevolence

A

• God created us in His image and a world for us to steward
• God gave up His only son to make atonement and bring salvation

• God saw all that he made, and it was very good (Genesis 1:31)

97
Q

Christian beliefs about God’s omniscience

A

• The Holy Spirt is everywhere and so knows everything that happens
• God already knows our fate but he gives us free will

• All the days ordained for me were written in your book before one of them came to be (Psalm 139:16)

98
Q

Christian beliefs about creation

A

• God created Adam from dust
• God created the Earth in 6 days then rested
• God created the heavens and the earth on the 1st day
• God created the sun, moon and stars on the 4th day
• Humans were created on the 6th day

99
Q

Importance of the creation

A

• Humans are special because they’re made in the image of God
• Allows us to have a personal relationship with God

• God gave humans the responsibility of looking after the world on his behalf
• The belief in stewardship means we should protect the environment

• Work in the garden and take care of it (Genesis 2:15)

100
Q

What happened during the Last Supper? (Luke 22)

A

• Day before Jesus’ death
• Jesus washed his disciples’ feet
• Mentioned that the Holy Spirit will come down and guide the disciples
• Shared the bread as his body and the wine as his blood

101
Q

Significance of the Last Supper

A

• Christians remember the Last Supper when they partake in the Eucharist (Holy Communion)
• Jesus washing the disciples feet teaches Christians to have humility and serve others

102
Q

What happened during Jesus’ betrayal, arrest and trial?

A

• Jesus and disciples go to spend the night in the garden of Gethsemane

• Judas Iscariot comes and arrests Jesus

• Jesus is taken before the authorities and is found guilty of blasphemy claiming to be the son of God

• Roman governor Pontius Pilate sentences Jesus to death despite believing innocence

103
Q

Transubstantiation meaning

A

Catholic belief that the bread and wine are physically changed into the body and blood of Christ

104
Q

Divergent Christian views on resurrected bodies

A

• Some Christians believe resurrection is both spiritual and physical
• After people die their physical bodies are raised to life again and transformed into new spiritual bodies

• Others believe resurrection is just spiritual
• After someone dies their soul is resurrected and goes one forever

105
Q

Argument of the inconsistent Triad

A

• God is omnibenevolent so should want to remove evil
• God is omnipotent so should be able to remove evil
• Yet evil and suffering still exists which poses the theory that God cannot exist

GCSEs (17 decks)

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