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GCSEs > DT > Flashcards

DT Flashcards

1
Q

Compressive strength definition

A

the capacity of a material to withstand loads

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2
Q

Tensile strength definition

A

The ability of a material to stretch without breaking/snapping

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3
Q

Toughness meaning

A

The ability of a material to absorb sudden shock without breaking or shattering

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4
Q

torsion definition

A

Force of an object being twisted

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5
Q

What’s a beam’s purpose?

A

supports a structure’s weight

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6
Q

What force do struts act against?

A

Compression

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7
Q

What force do ties act against?

A

Tension

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8
Q

Frame structure definition

A

The fitting together of pieces (eg beams, ties and struts) to give a structure its strength

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9
Q

What is a shell structure?

A

Structure that gains its strength by the way its shaped

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10
Q

Measuring

A

Estimation, precision and creating designs ideas using CAD for accuracy

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11
Q

Cutting and shaping

A

Selecting the correct tools and machinery for specific processes

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12
Q

Fabrication

A

• Joining of materials
• gluing/assembling of materials and quality control at each stage

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13
Q

Finishing

A

Accuracy of product in relation to form, function and user.

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14
Q

Material properties definition

A

The characteristics of a material and how they help it function

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15
Q

Wind power definition

A

• When wind movement is harnessed to generate electricity

• Eg on windy days, propellers in wind turbines spin a generator to generate electricity

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16
Q

Solar power definition

A

Conversion of energy from sunlight to electricity eg solar panels

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17
Q

Hydro power definition

A

• When the force of moving water is harnessed to generate electricity

• Eg as dams release water it spins a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity

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18
Q

Geothermal power definition

A

• When heat produced in the Earth’s core is harnessed to generate electricity

• Eg geothermal power plants use the steam’s heat to drive an electrical generator

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19
Q

Biomass energy

A

• When organic matter is used as fuel to generate electricity

• Eg wood is burned to power central heating systems

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20
Q

Reduce definition (6Rs)

A

To cut down on the amount of products and services you use

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21
Q

Reuse definition (6Rs)

A

Taking a product and changing its purpose for something else

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22
Q

Rethink definition (6Rs)

A

Designing in a way that considers people and the environment

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23
Q

Repair definition (6Rs)

A

Fixing a product that doesn’t work properly

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24
Q

Refuse definition (6Rs)

A

deciding not to use a material if it’s not needed or has a negative impact on the people or environment

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25
Q

What are the 6Rs?

A

Reduce, reuse, recycle, repair, rethink, refuse

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26
Q

Hard wood (loses/keeps their leaves)

A

Loses their leaves

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27
Q

Soft wood ________ their leaves

A

Keeps their leaves all year

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28
Q

Plank meaning

A

Long piece of wood

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29
Q

Moulding

A

when a material is shaped from a mould template

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30
Q

Methods of cutting and shaping wood

A

File, drill, sand, plane

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31
Q

Hardwood characteristics

A

• Weather resistant
• The water repels during rainfall
• From deciduous trees

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32
Q

Softwood characteristics

A

• Not weather resistant
• Absorbs the water during rainfall
• From conifer trees

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33
Q

CAD

A

• Computer Aided Design
• Computer software used to develop design ideas

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34
Q

CAM

A

• Computer Aided Manufacturing
• Computer - controlled machinery used to manufacture a product

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35
Q

Pros of CAD

A

• Increased accuracy compared to hand drawing
• Saves time (no prototype to build)
• Can be sent anywhere

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36
Q

Cons of CAD

A

• Training is needed which requires time and money
• Work can be lost if not saved

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37
Q

Types of coatings

A

• Wax
• Stain
• Varnish
• Oil (sinks into the surface)
• Paint (covers the surface)

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38
Q

Manufactured board examples

A

• Plywood
• MDF
• Chipboard
• Hardboard
• Veneer

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39
Q

Plywood definition

A

• Thin layers of wood veneer glued together at right angles
• Used in furniture and structure

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40
Q

MDF (medium density fibreboard)

A

• Small particles of wood that have been compressed with a random orientation for a solid finish

• Absorbs moisture therefore not suitable for outdoors

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41
Q

Examples of wood stock forms

A

Sheets, mouldings and planks

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42
Q

What stock forms does MDF come in?

A

mouldings and sheets

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43
Q

What impact does MDF have on the environment?

A

• Made from leftover wood fibres reducing waste and saving trees

• Isn’t biodegradable and would release poisonous chemicals if disposed of incorrectly

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44
Q

The 2 categories of plastic

A

Thermoplastic and thermoset

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45
Q

Difference between thermoplastics and thermosets

A

Thermoplastics can be heated whereas thermosets can’t due to its strong covalent bonds

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46
Q

Plastic’s source of origin

A

Crude oil

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47
Q

Stock forms of plastic

A

Sheets, extrusions, plastic polymers

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48
Q

Stock form definition

A

The form a material is sold in

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49
Q

Methods of cutting and shaping for plastic

A

Blow moulding • vacuum forming • injection moulding • heat cutting • laser cutting

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50
Q

Finishes for plastic

A

Matt or gloss however it doesn’t require a finish

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51
Q

Why do plastics not need a finish?

A

They don’t rot or corrode

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52
Q

Mechanism meaning

A

When components work together to make a product function

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53
Q

What are the 4 types of mechanisms?

A

CAMs, linkages, levers and gears & pulleys

54
Q

Linear movement

A

Movement in a line going in one direction

55
Q

Oscillating movement

A

swinging motion going backwards and forwards

56
Q

Rotary movement

A

Going round and round in circles

57
Q

Reciprocating movement

A

Going up and down / in and out

58
Q

What 2 movements are involved between the cam profile and follower?

A

Rotary is converted into reciprocating

59
Q

Types of cam profiles

A

Drop (snail), heart, pear and eccentric (circular)

60
Q

Plastic’s impact on environment

A

• Difficult to dispose of and can release poisonous chemicals
• Manufactured from crude oil (greenhouse gas emissions released)

61
Q

How does a linkage mechanism work?

A

Combination of levers connect to move an object or change direction of a force eg bikes

62
Q

Mechanical Advantage

A

When the force of a mechanism is multiplied to make things easier for the user

63
Q

characteristics of a 1st class lever

A

The fulcrum (pivot) is in the middle of the effort and load (eg see saw)

64
Q

characteristics of a 2nd class lever

A

the load is in between the fulcrum and effort (eg wheel barrow)

65
Q

characteristics of a 3rd class lever

A

the effort is in between the fulcrum and load (eg fishing rod and baseball bat)

66
Q

Effort meaning

A

Force or energy applied

67
Q

Pivot meaning

A

Point of rotation

68
Q

Load meaning

A

Object that is being moved

69
Q

How do gears work

A

Its teeth interlock with other gears to rotate and change the speed or power of an object

70
Q

Tolerance meaning

A

Clearances in mechanisms to allow movement with minimal friction

71
Q

Clearance meaning

A

small gaps between moving parts that allow for smooth movement

72
Q

extrusion meaning

A

When a material is forced through a small opening to shape it

73
Q

Smart material meaning

A

Materials with the ability to change their properties depending on a change in their surroundings.

74
Q

Examples of smart materials

A

• Photochromic paint (which changes colour when exposed to light)

• Reactive glass (changes transparency when current flows through)

• Shape memory alloy (programmed to remember original shape and made from nickel and titanium)

75
Q

Veneer meaning

A

A thin decorative covering of fine wood applied to a coarser wood

76
Q

Adhesive meaning

A

A substance which bonds the surfaces of materials together (eg glue)

77
Q

Malleable

A

Describes materials that are able to bend or shape easily

78
Q

Why is nature studied as a way to develop new materials?

A

• How nature adapts to its environment provides a source of inspiration for designers to mimic its functionality • (Eg The way birds fly inspired design of aircrafts)

79
Q

Why are smart materials used in the fashion industry?

A

To inspire new trends and lead the market increasing amount of profit

80
Q

What are components?

A

They’re universal and tend to be bought as it’s designed by specialists • Used to assemble and install fixtures and fittings

81
Q

What are fixtures and fittings?

A

Fixtures - Items attached or fixed to property
Fittings - Not attached to property and can easily be removed

82
Q

Examples of fixtures and fittings

A

Fixtures - Sinks, ovens and radiators
Fittings - Pictures and furniture

83
Q

What are nails?

A

Small, pointed metal fasteners used to join materials together by friction

84
Q

What are screws?

A

Metal fasteners that use rotational force to tear into a material and hold materials together

85
Q

What are nuts and bolts?

A

Components that lock together along a threaded shaft
• They’re precise and have minimum tolerance
• (Semi permanent fasteners)

86
Q

What are knockdown fittings?

A

• A type of fitting that can be put together easily by using basic tools • (Often used in flat-pack furniture)

87
Q

What are permanent fasteners ?

A

• Components that permanently join 2 materials together and can’t be removed once installed

• Eg Nails permanently attach a frame to wall

88
Q

What are semi permanent fasteners?

A

Components that hold objects together but aren’t permanently fixed (Eg Nuts and bolts)

89
Q

Batch production meaning

A

When a certain amount of identical products are produced (eg clothing)

90
Q

Mass Production

A

When a large amount of products are produced at a time (in order to meet demand eg phones)

91
Q

Continuous production

A

Production that occurs every day non-stop (eg newspapers)

92
Q

JIT (Just In Time) Production

A

Made in response to an order instead of being produced beforehand (to reduce money lost eg Ferraris)

93
Q

Prototype / First Generation Model meaning

A

An early sample or model of a product built to test a concept

94
Q

Describe the benefits of a Production Line

A

• Workers specialise in one aspect (increasing efficiency)
• Increases the speed and production rate
• Reduces waste

95
Q

Jigs function

A

They hold something in place in the process of production to increase accuracy

96
Q

QC meaning

A

• Stands for Quality Control
• Procedures or tests carried out during manufacturing to check for quality

97
Q

Tessellation meaning

A

Repeated pattern of geometric shapes with an exact fit

98
Q

Nesting meaning

A

fitting irregular shapes as close together as possible to minimise waste

99
Q

Template meaning

A

A mould or pattern used as a guide to make something

100
Q

What is CAD CAM?

A

Using a computer to make a drawing which will be interpreted by a machine eg laser cutters

101
Q

What is a 3D printer?

A

• A method of constructing 3D objects using CAD where layers are built up

• Also referred to as additive manufacturing

102
Q

What is a CNC router?

A

• It’s an acronym for Computer Numerate Control
• A spinning drill that works on 3 axes (x,y,z) and cuts into a material

103
Q

What is planned obsolescence?

A

• Designing products to break quickly or become obsolete (out of date) to encourage the sales of new products
• Eg mobile phones or vehicles

104
Q

Market pull definition

A

When the market encourages firms to produce new technology to meet demands eg camera development

105
Q

Technology push meaning

A

When technology advances enough to develop new products before consumers demand for it (eg smartphones)

106
Q

Ergonomics meaning

A

• The study of how products are designed to minimise effort and discomfort
• eg how a person rests on the back of a chair

107
Q

Anthropometrics meaning

A

• How a product suits a person’s size using body measurements
• eg key sizes on a keyboard

108
Q

Examples of ergonomic and anthropometric design

A

• Fender’s electric guitar has curves on both of its sides to fit around user’s stomach or their legs
• Tuning pegs are all on one side therefore it’s easier to access

• Sportswear are lightweight, breathable and don’t restrict body movement

109
Q

Importance of designers using ergonomic and anthropometric data

A

• The product becomes suitable for how the user functions (maximising productivity)
• Attracts the market as the product has a personalised design (which would increase revenue)

110
Q

What does green represent in safety signs?

A

• They direct and lead people to safety. • Eg fire exits

111
Q

What does blue represent in safety signs?

A

• They are mandatory signs
• Usually give information
• Eg wear goggles

112
Q

What does red represent in safety signs?

A

• They are mandatory signs usually meaning ‘no’
• Eg no entry

113
Q

What does yellow represent in safety signs?

A

• They are warning signs and alert us to danger
• Eg radioactive chemicals

114
Q

How does a pulley mechanism work?

A

• A wheel on a fixed axle with a groove in it to guide the rope
• The rope is attached to the load
• The pulley changes the direction or the amount of the force needed to lift the load

115
Q

Explain input - process - output

A

Input:
• The force applied on the mechanism
• Eg turning a crank ; pressing a button

Process:
• Physical interactions within the mechanism converting the input to output
• Eg cams rotate causing the followers to move

Output:
• The resulting force / movement produced by the mechanism
• Eg lifting a weight using a pulley

116
Q

What are the 4 motions?

A

• Linear
• Oscillating
• Rotary
• Reciprocating

117
Q

Examples of hardwood

A

• Beech
• Oak
• Teak

118
Q

Examples of softwood

A

• Pine
• Spruce
• Fir

119
Q

Examples of plastic

A

• Polypropylene (PP)
• Nylon
• High density polyethylene (HDPE)
• Low density polyethylene (LDPE)

120
Q

Hardness meaning

A

The ability of a material to resist scratching, wear and tear, and indentation

121
Q

Laser cutting CAM process

A

• Takes info from the computer
• Follows x and y coordinates
• Burns the material instead of cutting it
• Red lines informs the machine to go slow
• Black lines informs the machine to go fast and etch through the material

122
Q

Two categories of metal

A

Ferrous and Non - ferrous

123
Q

Ferrous meaning

A

Metal that contains iron and therefore can rust/oxidise

124
Q

Non - ferrous meaning

A

Metal that doesn’t contain iron so won’t rust

125
Q

Metal source of origin

A

Rocks/Ores

126
Q

Stock forms of metal

A

• Sheets
• Girders
• Tubes
• Bars
• Nuggets
• Beams

127
Q

Methods of cutting and shaping metal

A

• Water - jet cutting
• Plasma cutting
• Laser cutting
• Drilling
• Filing
• Sawing

128
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of metals to improve chemical properties

129
Q

Examples of alloys

A

• Brass - An alloy of copper and zinc
• Steel - An alloy of iron and carbon

130
Q

Finishes that can be applied to metals

A

• Paint dip coating
• Paint powder coating (using static charge)
• Electroplating
• Greasing
• Oiling

131
Q

Metal’s impacts on the environment

A

• Metal cycling preservers natural resources and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases

• Metal extraction however may require deforestation which erodes the soil and decreases levels of biodiversity

• Scrap metals can release toxic chemicals and contaminate the ground

GCSEs (21 decks)

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