roots

Question 1

blood root myrmecochory

Answer 1

eliaosome and ant dispersal

Question 2

blood root uses

Answer 2

used historically as dyes, for skin cancer, it has sanguinarine, which is an alkaloid, found in toothpaste, potential toxin that kills cells

Question 3

root functions

Answer 3

anchorage, absorption, storage, hormone production, reproduction, aeration

Question 4

epiphytes

Answer 4

plants which grow attached to another plant with benefit of soil

roots get nutrients from epiphytic mass

useful for tropical environments

Question 5

roots hairs

Answer 5

function in absorption, 10 micrometers in diameter, potential site of infection

Question 6

elongation zone

Answer 6

part of root hair which functions in growth

Question 7

taproot system vs fibrous root system

Answer 7

taproot- radicle (preliminary root) becomes the biggest, primary root, has few lateral roots, found in eudicots and gymnosperms

fibrous root system - seminal roots become main roots, found in monocots

Question 8

can taproot trees have a fibrous root system?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

taproot system advantage

Answer 9

go deeper into the soil

Question 10

fibrous root system advantage

Answer 10

high surface area, high stability, they are finer than tap roots

Question 11

prop roots and aerial roots

Answer 11

provide stability and aeration

aerial roots useful in aqautic environments

Question 12

buttress root function

Answer 12

stability

Question 13

contractile roots

Answer 13

function in anchorage and temperature protection

pulls corms lower in the soil

Question 14

roots for storage

Answer 14

beets and sweet potatoes

Question 15

specialized roots for reproduction

Answer 15

suckers or runners

Question 16

pneumatophores

Answer 16

specialized roots for aeration

Question 17

parasitic roots

Answer 17

specialized for nutrition, tissues penetrate into vascular tissue

many root parasites are photosynthetic themselves

Question 18

root structures

Answer 18

1. root cap, protects growing tissue, in front of apical meristem
2. region of elongation - wheres cells differentiate
3. region of maturation - where cells have completely differentiated and are true tissues

Question 19

mucigel sheath

Answer 19

produced by end of root cap and covers root cap

protects root cap and creates symbiotic environment for bacteria, also allows for more efficient uptake of water and nutrients by roots

Question 20

rhizosphere

Answer 20

world around the roots of plants, rich with organisms and nutrients

Question 21

gravitropism

Answer 21

starch grains in amyloplasts, proteins coating plasma membrane, causes plant to grow down into the ground

Question 22

development of roots

Answer 22

endodermis is undeveloped around vascular tissue

pericycle starts secondary tissue and lateral growth

Question 23

endodermis function

Answer 23

surrounds vascular bundle in middle, waxy cells that function as a gatekeeper, regulates what goes into vascular tissue

Question 24

pericycle function

Answer 24

initiates mitosis, gives rise to lateral root and cork cambium

Question 25

casperian strip

Answer 25

waxy material that lines the cells

Question 26

symplastic route

Answer 26

water crosses plasma membrane to enter vascular tissue

Question 27

apoplastic route

Answer 27

water stays within the cell wall, has to cross plasma membrane to enter vascular cylinder, since cell wall has waxy strip that is hydrophobic

Question 28

suberin lamella

Answer 28

waxy substance that protects vascular stele

Question 29

exodermis

Answer 29

secondary epidermis

Question 30

monocots vs eudicot roots

Answer 30

monocot - vascular bundle surrounding pith

eudicot