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plant bio > pollination ecology > Flashcards

pollination ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

where is pollen transferred?

A

to stigma during pollination

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2
Q

who benefits from pollination

A

either the plant or pollinator, or both, can be mutually exclusive or balanced

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3
Q

specialization vs generalization

A

specialized plants are only pollinated by a few while generalized plants are only pollinated by many

Pollinators are also specialized and generalized

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4
Q

self pollination

A

occurs within plant through wind/water (anemophily/hydrophily)

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5
Q

cross pollination

A

occurs through biotic agents

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6
Q

ambophily

A

combination of both wind and insect pollination

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7
Q

wind pollination characteristics

A

many flowers, small or absent petals, unscented flowers, open habitats, high gene flow, temperate distribution

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8
Q

animal pollination characteristics

A

few flowers, large petals, scented flowers, styles solid, nectaries present, few pollsn grains, many ovules per flower, low gene flow, occur in tropical climates

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9
Q

what participates in anemophily

A

grasses, rushes, temperate trees

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10
Q

what is true about grass flower pollen?

A

It is light and rarely sticky

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11
Q

pollen ovule ratio in wind vs insect pollination

A

wind ratio is much higher and travels much farther

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12
Q

hydrophily characteristics

A

flowers are small and inconspicuous, lots of large pollen grains, feathery stigmas, pollen grain may germinate

uncommon

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13
Q

why are pollinators attracted to flowers?

A

rewards such as nectar which provides sugar and amino acids and pollen which provides protein

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14
Q

nectar content depending on pollinators

A

bees and flies- oil rich

birds and lepidopteran - starch rich

secondary metabolites and yeast also in nectar

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15
Q

how are pollinators attracted to flowers?

A

Through shape, color, scent, and sound

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16
Q

floral bract function

A

act as attractors

17
Q

nectar guides

A

show animal where to find nectar, can function through UV light

18
Q

how do flower colors vary over time?

A

older flowers fade usually and darken to act as nectar guide to young flowers

19
Q

how do flowers limit unwanted visits such as nectar robbing?

A

change in flower shape and varying the reward

20
Q

buzz pollination

A

extracting pollen via vibrating anthers at an appropriate frequency, because anthers are sealed except for small pores

21
Q

coevolution

A

plant and pollinator are totally dependent on one another

22
Q

pollination strategy

A

varies between pollinators based on species and insects, some animals better at pollinating than others (bees pollinate a plant the most that is visited mostly by moths and butterflies)

23
Q

what is true about scent emission by plants

A

it can change and evolve in response to local pollinator assemblages

24
Q

coloration function

A

functions in defense and attracting pollinators

25
Q

ploidy level

A

also impacts pollinator preference

26
Q

how are pollinators predicted?

A

by flower color, flower structure, presence of nectar, and odor, (ex. bees are poor at seeing red and prefer large/sticky pollen)

27
Q

bee pollination

A

poor at seeing red, prefer sweet and spicy odor, use nectar guides, large and sticky pollen

28
Q

bird pollination

A

odor is not as important as visual, pollen is large and sticky, they are sensitive to red, long tubular corolla present to accommodate for long beaks

29
Q

butterflies pollination

A

odor is not as important as visual, pollen is sticky and large, diurnal, can see red

30
Q

moth pollination

A

white to pale yellow, sweet odor, nocturnal, pollen is large and sticky

31
Q

bat pollination

A

nocturnal, odor is fruity/musky

32
Q

beetle pollination

A

bowl shaped flowers, odor is important

33
Q

flies myophily/ sapromyophliy

A

myophily- pollination of plants by flies

sapromyophily - flowers that look and smell like dung or rotten meat

34
Q

lemur

A

world’s largest pollinators, pollinate the traveler’s tree, unique ability to open the trees flowers

plant bio (19 decks)

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