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protists Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

protist definition

A

microbial eukaryotes that are mostly microscopic.

Protozoa are phagotropic, do photosynthesis

include protozoa, algae, and slime molds

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2
Q

mixotrophs

A

are autotrophic and heterotrophic

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3
Q

archaeplastida

A

consist of algae and land plants

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4
Q

excavata

A

include euglena

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5
Q

SAR clade

A

include stramemophiles, alveolata, and Rhizaria

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6
Q

primary endosymbiosis

A

heterotrophic eukaryote engulfing cyanobacteria creates photosynthetic cell membrane that is lost over time.

Results in two membranes around the chloroplasts in red/green algae

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7
Q

How did the rest of the photosynthetic protists arise?

A

engulfment of algae in secondary endosymbiosis

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8
Q

euglenoid evolution

A

come from green algae through endosymbiosis

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9
Q

brown algae, diatoms, and dinoflagellate evolution

A

come from red algae

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10
Q

evidence for endosymbiotic theory

A

similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts including how they divide, number of membranes they are surrounded by, and the presence of non nuclear DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts

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11
Q

life cycle for algae

A

alternation of generations involving diploid sporophytes and haploid gametophytes

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12
Q

spores

A

part of haploid generation, allow for genetic diversity

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13
Q

what is true about fungi cells?

A

Most of them are haploid

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14
Q

anisogamy

A

difference in gamete size with both of them being flagellated

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15
Q

isogamy

A

gametes are same size and both flagellated

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16
Q

red algae

A

found in marine habitats, good at absorbing blue light

large, multicellular, unflagellated, store food as Floridian starch, produce agar and carrageenan for diet

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17
Q

pigment for green algae

A

chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids

18
Q

what are green algae cell walls made of

A

cellulose

19
Q

watermelon snow

A

has pink pigment

20
Q

types of green algae

A

charophytes, chlorophytes, ulvophytes

21
Q

green algae body construction

A

motile (all cells are similar and flagella is maintained or nonmotile (no flagella)

22
Q

filamentous vs membranous body

A

filamentous - cells held by middle lamella and divide transversely

membranous body - cells divide in two planes

23
Q

parenchymatous vs coenocytic

A

parenchymatous - cell division occurs in all three dimensions, cells interconnected by plasmodesmata

coenocytic - cytokinesis doesn’t occur, results in giant multinucleate cells

24
Q

charophyceae definition

A

most similar to land plants, go through mitosis and contain gametengia (sacs with gametes)

25
Q

charophyceae charactertistics

A

contain cellulose in cell walls, peroxisomes contain photorespiration enzyme, sperm are similar in structure

26
Q

important functions for cyanobacteria and algae

A

important phytoplankton, toxic blooms and dead zones, biofuel producers

27
Q

species with most numbers

A

green algae

28
Q

fucoxanthin

A

gives golden algae their gold color

29
Q

golden algae characteristics

A

silica scales, one or two flagella, type of stramenophile

30
Q

stramenophiles

A

include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae

31
Q

diatom characteristics

A

contain silica in their shells, are unicellular, unflagellated, store food or energy as laminarin, are eukaryotic, they contain glass shells and are photosynthetic

32
Q

brown algae

A

large, multicellular, unflagellated, store food as laminarin (similar to diatoms), use chlorophylll a, carotenoids, chlorophyll c, and fucoxanthin, have chloroplasts and produce algin

33
Q

blade, stipe, holdfast functions

A

blade - gives surface for sunlight
stipe - acts like a stem in plants
holdfast- anchors seaweed to surface

34
Q

where are stipes, blades and holdfasts found?

A

Primarily in brown algae (seaweeds)

35
Q

do brown algae have vascular tissue

A

no, but they do have sieve tubes

36
Q

fucus

A

type of brown algae in which reproduction occurs at the top of leaves

37
Q

euglenoid characteristics

A

can be heterotrophic, mixotrophic, usually have two flagella

unicellular, have a pellicle that allows it flexibility, usually in freshwater, contains an eyespot

38
Q

dinoflagellate characteristics

A

some are photosynthetic, some aren’t, produce many toxins and cause red tide, found in many coral Reeves

39
Q

types of brown algae

A

laminaria, ectocarpus, fucus

40
Q

oomycetes

A

water mold that cause potato blight

plant bio (19 decks)

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