flowers

Question 1

basal angiosperms

Answer 1

early divergence of angiosperms, preceded divergence of monocots and eudicots

species poor, most don’t have vessels, primitive flowers (radial symmetry, superior ovary)

Question 2

four main parts of flower

Answer 2

stamen (male parts) - includes anther and filaments

carpel (female parts) - includes stigma, style, and ovary

petal

sepal

Question 3

complete vs incomplete flower

Answer 3

complete flower has all four parts

Question 4

receptacle

Answer 4

base of flower that holds ovary

Question 5

calyx

Answer 5

all of the sepals in a flower

Question 6

corolla

Answer 6

all of the petals together

Question 7

sepal function

Answer 7

surround maturing flower parts protect the flower bud as it develops,

Question 8

petal functions

Answer 8

attract pollinators

Question 9

pistil

Answer 9

consists of a stigma, a style, and an ovary

Question 10

androecium

Answer 10

all of the stamen

Question 11

stamen function

Answer 11

diploid anther cells undergo meiosis to produce 4 microspores, which from a resistant cell wall and become pollen

Question 12

gynoecium

Answer 12

all of the carpels

Question 13

function of stigma, style, and ovary

Answer 13

stigma - catches pollen grains
style - elevates stigma
ovary - where megaspores are produced.

Question 14

inflorescence

Answer 14

cluster of flowers on a branch or system of a branch

categorized by arrangement on main axis and by timing of flowering

include, raceme, spike, corymb, and umbel

Question 15

floral formula

Answer 15

includes floral symmetry, number of sepals. number of petals, number of stamens, and number of carpels

Question 16

actinomorphic

Answer 16

radial symmetry

Question 17

zygomorphic

Answer 17

symmetric in one direction

Question 18

bisexual flower

Answer 18

has carpel and stamen

Question 19

plant genders

Answer 19

cosexual - hermaphroditic (perfect), have functional stamens and stigmas

unisexual hermaphrodites - produce pollen and have no seeds (male) or can’t germinate and produces more seeds (female)

Question 20

plant sexual conditions

Answer 20

monoecy

dioecy

polygamy

Question 21

monoecious

Answer 21

staminate and pistillate flowers on one individual

Question 22

dioecious

Answer 22

one individual has either staminate or pistillate flowers

Question 23

andromonoecy

Answer 23

species where all individuals have staminate and bisexual flowers

Question 24

androdioecy

Answer 24

species where some individuals have staminate and some have perfect flowers or a mixture of staminate and pistillate flowers

Question 25

gynomonoecy

Answer 25

species where all individuals have pistillate and bisexual flowers

Question 26

gynodioecy

Answer 26

species where some individuals have pistillate and some have bisexual flowers or a mixture of staminate and pistillate flowers

Question 27

polygamomonoecy

Answer 27

species that have individuals with staminate, pistillate, and bisexual flowers

Question 28

trioecism

Answer 28

species where different individuals are either staminate, carpellate, or bisexual

Question 29

ovary positions

Answer 29

hypogynous - petals, sepals, and stamens attached at base of ovary perigynous - petals, sepals, and stamens on rim of hypanthium epigynous - ovary is inferior to petals, sepals, and stamens

Question 30

indeterminate inflorescences

Answer 30

first flowers to open are at base

Question 31

umbel vs corymb

Answer 31

umbel - flower stems at same point, can be compound, corymb - flower stems rise at different points but end at same height

Question 32

determinate inflorescence

Answer 32

first flower to open is at the top or middle

Question 33

disc flower vs ray flower

Answer 33

disc flower is radial and surrounded by ray flowers

Question 34

grass flower characteristics

Answer 34

no petal or sepal, wind pollinated

Question 35

grass flower families

Answer 35

poaceae, cyperaceae, juncacea

Question 36

spikelet

Answer 36

multiple florets, unit of a grass flower, consists of outer glume and floret

Question 37

switch grass

Answer 37

consists of branches and spikelets with flowers

Question 38

solitary flower

Answer 38

has just one flower on the peduncle

Question 39

spike flowers

Answer 39

has one unbalanced axis with sessile flowers (no stems)

Question 40

raceme

Answer 40

similar to spike flowers but have stems

Question 41

cyme flowers

Answer 41

central flower opens first

Question 42

whorl

Answer 42

flowers are borne in a tight circle at each node

Question 43

panicle

Answer 43

main axis has branches which are in turn rebranched

Question 44

head/capitulum

Answer 44

many small flowers borne on a common receptacle, may look like a single flower