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flowers Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

basal angiosperms

A

early divergence of angiosperms, preceded divergence of monocots and eudicots

species poor, most don’t have vessels, primitive flowers (radial symmetry, superior ovary)

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2
Q

four main parts of flower

A

stamen (male parts) - includes anther and filaments

carpel (female parts) - includes stigma, style, and ovary

petal

sepal

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3
Q

complete vs incomplete flower

A

complete flower has all four parts

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4
Q

receptacle

A

base of flower that holds ovary

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5
Q

calyx

A

all of the sepals in a flower

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6
Q

corolla

A

all of the petals together

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7
Q

sepal function

A

surround maturing flower parts protect the flower bud as it develops,

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8
Q

petal functions

A

attract pollinators

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9
Q

pistil

A

consists of a stigma, a style, and an ovary

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10
Q

androecium

A

all of the stamen

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11
Q

stamen function

A

diploid anther cells undergo meiosis to produce 4 microspores, which from a resistant cell wall and become pollen

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12
Q

gynoecium

A

all of the carpels

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13
Q

function of stigma, style, and ovary

A

stigma - catches pollen grains
style - elevates stigma
ovary - where megaspores are produced.

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14
Q

inflorescence

A

cluster of flowers on a branch or system of a branch

categorized by arrangement on main axis and by timing of flowering

include, raceme, spike, corymb, and umbel

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15
Q

floral formula

A

includes floral symmetry, number of sepals. number of petals, number of stamens, and number of carpels

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16
Q

actinomorphic

A

radial symmetry

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17
Q

zygomorphic

A

symmetric in one direction

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18
Q

bisexual flower

A

has carpel and stamen

19
Q

plant genders

A

cosexual - hermaphroditic (perfect), have functional stamens and stigmas

unisexual hermaphrodites - produce pollen and have no seeds (male) or can’t germinate and produces more seeds (female)

20
Q

plant sexual conditions

A

monoecy

dioecy

polygamy

21
Q

monoecious

A

staminate and pistillate flowers on one individual

22
Q

dioecious

A

one individual has either staminate or pistillate flowers

23
Q

andromonoecy

A

species where all individuals have staminate and bisexual flowers

24
Q

androdioecy

A

species where some individuals have staminate and some have perfect flowers or a mixture of staminate and pistillate flowers

25
Q

gynomonoecy

A

species where all individuals have pistillate and bisexual flowers

26
Q

gynodioecy

A

species where some individuals have pistillate and some have bisexual flowers or a mixture of staminate and pistillate flowers

27
Q

polygamomonoecy

A

species that have individuals with staminate, pistillate, and bisexual flowers

28
Q

trioecism

A

species where different individuals are either staminate, carpellate, or bisexual

29
Q

ovary positions

A

hypogynous - petals, sepals, and stamens attached at base of ovary
perigynous - petals, sepals, and stamens on rim of hypanthium
epigynous - ovary is inferior to petals, sepals, and stamens

30
Q

indeterminate inflorescences

A

first flowers to open are at base

31
Q

umbel vs corymb

A

umbel - flower stems at same point, can be compound,

corymb - flower stems rise at different points but end at same height

32
Q

determinate inflorescence

A

first flower to open is at the top or middle

33
Q

disc flower vs ray flower

A

disc flower is radial and surrounded by ray flowers

34
Q

grass flower characteristics

A

no petal or sepal, wind pollinated

35
Q

grass flower families

A

poaceae, cyperaceae, juncacea

36
Q

spikelet

A

multiple florets, unit of a grass flower, consists of outer glume and floret

37
Q

switch grass

A

consists of branches and spikelets with flowers

38
Q

solitary flower

A

has just one flower on the peduncle

39
Q

spike flowers

A

has one unbalanced axis with sessile flowers (no stems)

40
Q

raceme

A

similar to spike flowers but have stems

41
Q

cyme flowers

A

central flower opens first

42
Q

whorl

A

flowers are borne in a tight circle at each node

43
Q

panicle

A

main axis has branches which are in turn rebranched

44
Q

head/capitulum

A

many small flowers borne on a common receptacle, may look like a single flower

plant bio (19 decks)

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