photosynthesis and nutrition Flashcards

Question

three main textures

Answer 1

clay, sand, silt

Answer 2

many macropores, allowing for movement of water

Answer 3

very small particles, mostly micropores, water doesn't move that well

Answer 4

loamy soil

Answer 5

less macropores than sand but more than clay

Answer 6

pore spaces are filled with water

Answer 7

not enough water

Answer 8

ideal point where water and air pockets are both present clay needs more water than sand to reach field capacity

Answer 9

soil particles, cations are held on, anions moved out of soil, especially sand

Answer 10

secrete CO2 from respiration and H+, allows plants to pick up nutrients

Answer 11

Anions, because they are readily available

Answer 12

nitrogen and phosphorous

Answer 13

plants require it, acquire it as NH4+ or NO3-, only done through prokaryotes

Answer 14

NO3- is easily leached out of soils, nitrogen fixing bacteria and ammonifying bacteria turn nitrogen to ammonia

Answer 15

converts N2 to organic nitrogen, found only in prokaryotes, inhibited by O2, NH4+ and NO4

Answer 16

function as nitrogen fixers

Answer 17

nodulated legumes, nodulated non legumes, non nodulated nitrogen fixers, plant cyanobacteria assocation

Answer 18

symbiotic relaitonship with nitrogen fixing bacteria fabaceae family (beans, peas, etc), provide N to soil, are also nutritious to wildlife as high protein food one non leguminous species

Answer 19

lowers O2 conc in nodules and gives them their red color white nodules are parasitic, green nodules are senesced, red is good

Answer 20

through the root hair, pericycle divides, forming the root nodule which provides habitat for bacteria Vascular tissue forms symbiotic relationship with bacterial colony

Answer 21

barley, maize, rice, wheat, sorghum, intercellular spaces and xylem vessels obtain 60% or more of their N needed

Answer 22

external to root cell, cyanobacteria located in pockets within its fronds

Answer 23

use non nitrogen fixing uptake methods include venus flytrap, pitcher plants, and sundews

Answer 24

non N fixing, can also be photosynthetic, produce haustorium that penetrates into host secondary xylem

Answer 25

directly break down proteins in soils

Answer 26

leaches less than N, most available in rhizosphere (cluster roots), bound and unavailable to plants, support nitrogen fixers

Answer 27

allows plants to get phosphorous some mycorrhizal associations are almost obligate

Answer 28

ecto, endo, ericoid, orchidaeous, ectendo most plant families are endo ecto are visibly seen endo are not

Answer 29

reproduce spores underground, fungi hard to see

Answer 30

fossilized fungal spores, found from the arctic to the tropics, 90 percent of all plant families

Answer 31

increase surface area of plant roots, increase resistance to pathogens, decrease susceptibility to soil toxins, stimulate nitrogen fixation, improve soil structure

Answer 32

fungal layers found outside of root (mantle) hartignet - sites of exchange

Answer 33

pentrates the roots

Answer 34

tripartite relationship, link between fungus, an autotrophic plant, and the heterotrophic plant

Answer 35

from higher to lower potential

Answer 36

solute concentrations, stomata most open at midday when K+ and sucrose concentrations are peaking

Answer 37

breakage of cells that forces water to move laterally embolism - water hits air pocket

Answer 38

root hairs

Answer 39

water is getting pushed up into the plant and out the pores

Answer 40

specialized stomata responsible for guttation

Answer 41

waters move into high solute areas and push sugars to next area via osmosis source (photosynthetic areas) to sink (areas of growth)

Answer 42

apoplastic - sugars move through plasmodesmata and are then uploaded into sieve tube cell, cell wall movement symplastic - no movement though cell wall, cell to cell movement all the way to sieve tube