hormones

Question 1

types of stimuli plants detect

Answer 1

exogenous and endogenous signals

Question 2

tropic response

Answer 2

growth mechanism

ex. gravitropism

Question 3

nastic response

Answer 3

turgor changes

ex. water movement

Question 4

morphogenic

Answer 4

changes in basic metabolism

Question 5

taxic

Answer 5

swimming mechanism

ex. flaggelated sperm

Question 6

plant hormones

Answer 6

gibberellin, auxin, cytokinin, jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid

Question 7

gibberellin/auxin

Answer 7

both influence growth, flowering and fruit development

gibberellin influences germination

Question 8

abscisic acid

Answer 8

important for abscission and dormancy

Question 9

plant hormones and humans

Answer 9

JA, Aspirin, indole 3 acetic acid, have anticancer activity and anti inflammatory activity

Question 10

plant hormones and gut microbiota

Answer 10

have a symbiotic relationship

Question 11

tropism

Answer 11

response resulting in curvature of organs toward or away from a stimulus

Question 12

Darwin experiment

Answer 12

tip of shoot is removed and covered with cap. Showed that something in the shoot causes curvature

Question 13

Boysen Jensen experiment

Answer 13

tip separated by permeable and inpermeable blocks,

shows that tip transmits signals to bottom

Question 14

Went experiment

Answer 14

tip placed on agar block, where the block is placed affects curvature

Question 15

auxin

Answer 15

promotes elongation of coleoptiles, responds to light

Question 16

IAA

Answer 16

natural auxin that moves from tip to base

Question 17

Acid growth hypothesis

Answer 17

when auxin is exposed to cell walls, break down of cell wall occurs, causing more water to enter and expand the cell.

Question 18

other auxin functions

Answer 18

lateral and adventitous roots

herbicides for dicot weeds

auxin in seeds help to promote fruit growth

Question 19

cytokinins

Answer 19

produced in actively growing tissues (roots, embryos, fruits)

acts with auxin (cell division and differentiation)

have anti aging effects, stimulate RNA and protein synthesis

mobilize nutrients

Question 20

absence of cytokinins vs increase in cytokinins

Answer 20

absence - cells grow large and don’t divide

increase - shoot buds form

Question 21

effect of increasing auxins

Answer 21

roots form

Question 22

effect of auxins in shoot

Answer 22

lateral growth is inhibited

Question 23

sources of cytokinin

Answer 23

microalgae, bacteria, fungi

Question 24

gibberellins

Answer 24

many different types, produced mainly in seeds and young leaves

promotes plant growth, promotes flowering, opens stomata

all inhibited by abscisic acid

Question 25

bolting

Answer 25

rapid growth of floral stalk, caused by gibberellins

Question 26

abscisic acid

Answer 26

inhibits seed germination, induces storage protein synthesis in seeds

Question 27

ethylene

Answer 27

responses to stress such as mechanical pressure triggers fruit ripening (positive feedback process)

Question 28

triple response of ethylene

Answer 28

plant becomes fat, curved, and short.

Question 29

what causes leaf abcission

Answer 29

a change in the balance of auxin and ethylene

Question 30

fruit ripening and ethylene

Answer 30

burst of ethylene production in a fruit triggers ripening process

Question 31

effect of flooding on ethylene production

Answer 31

lack of oxygen causes production of ethylene

Question 32

brassinosteroids

Answer 32

found in all plant tissues, similar to auxin, functions in growth, differentiation, and stress tolerance

Question 33

jasmonates

Answer 33

small molecules derived from fatty acids that are produced in response to herbivory, pathogen invasion, and fruit ripening. It helps with regulation of nectar secretion

Question 34

strigolactones

Answer 34

produced in roots in response to low phosphate concentration, promote apical dominance, help mychorizae, promote seed germination