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fungi Flashcards

1
Q

fungi defintion

A

eukaryotes, are confused as plants but are actually very important

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2
Q

lichens

A

pioneer organisms,arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.

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3
Q

importance of fungi

A

function in mycorrhiza, are endophytes, decomposers, and parasites of plants

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4
Q

endophyte functions

A

fungi live within other plants to stimulate growth and reproduction, provide nutrients, and increase photosynthesis

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5
Q

fescue grass

A

made cows sick due to fungi producing a toxin

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6
Q

decomposers/ biogeochemical transformers

A

lignin, lignocellulose, cellulose, keratin, mycoremediation

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7
Q

diseases due to fungi

A

chestnut blight, wheat rust, corn smut, dutch elm

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8
Q

why do fungi decompose more than bacteria?

A

They are eukaryotic

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9
Q

ergot

A

hallucinogenic compound

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10
Q

how are fungi classified based on reproduction

A

zygomycota (asexual/sexual)

Basidiomycota (mushrooms)

chytridiomycota (flagellated gametes)

imperfect fungi (sexual reproduction not observed)

glomeromycota - arbuscular mycorrhizae

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11
Q

zoosporic fungi

A

opisthosporidia
chytridiomycota
neocallismastigomycota
blastocladiomycota

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12
Q

zygomycetous fungi types

A

zoopagomycota, Glomeromycota, mucoromycota

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13
Q

dikarya

A

Basidiomycota, agaricomycotina, Ascomycota

have two nuclei per hyphae cell

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14
Q

life cycle of fungi

A

all of the hyphae together are mycelium with haploid nuclei

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15
Q

mycelium path

A

can go through plasmogamy (fusion of cytoplasm to form heterokaryote) or can go through asexual reproduction to produce spores

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16
Q

heterokaryotic stage

A

2 nuclei in hyphae, forms a diploid which goes through meiosis to produce spores

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17
Q

where are basidiospores found

A

gills of fungi

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18
Q

sacrophytes

A

decompose the plant

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19
Q

chytrid polyphagous

A

parasite of the euglena cell

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20
Q

foliose lichen

A

mutualistic fungi

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21
Q

penicilum

A

fungi important for antibiotics cleaved from citrus fruits

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22
Q

other uses of fungi

A

food/clothing

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23
Q

form of fungi

A

typically filamentous (multicellular with hyphae), but can also be unicellular

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24
Q

what happens when fungi go through cell division

A

nuclear envelope stays in tact

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25
fungi cell wall
composed of chitin
26
septate vs aseptate hyphae
septate - have cross walls aseptate - coenocytic ( no cross walls)
27
fungi zygotę
goes through meiosis right away. formed by fertilization of gametes
28
fruting bodies
produce spores
29
asexual spores
sporangia and conidia, reproduction occurs through fragmentation of hyphae
30
multicellular fungi reproduction method
have asexual spores
31
how do unicellular fungi reproduce
budding
32
ascomycota
contain ascospores that are found in asci, produce conidia
33
zoospore characteristic
flagellated
34
opisthosporidia characteristic
all species are parasites on eukaryotes, are unicellular
35
stink corn
attracts fungi, spores go through digestive system and water pressure causes spore to shoot out
36
chytridiomycota
are saprobes (decomposers) responsible for amphibian extinction crisis which infects the skin of amphibians
37
neocallimastigomyctoa
associated with digestive tracts of herbivores, anaerboic cellulose decomposer
38
blastocladiomycota
contains saprobes, animal parasites, algal parasitoids, are flagellated
39
zygomycetous fungi characteristics
are non flagellated, can be parasites (zoopagomycota) or symbionts/saprotrophs (glomeromycota/mucoromycota)
40
zoopagomycota function
are decomposers
41
mucormycota
mainly decomposers, cause infections in animals and humans, important in the food industry, are ectomycorrihizal
42
Glomeromycota
obligate arbuscular (penetrating root cells) mycorrhizal symbionts, multinucleated
43
rhizopus life cycle
reproduces asexually/sexually
44
rhizopus life cycle
can reproduce sexually or asexually
45
dikarya sexual cycle
consists of hyphal fusion uncoupled with meiosis
46
types of ascocarps
cleistothecium, perithecium, apothecium,
47
cleistothecium
ascocarp with completely closed fruit body with no special opening to the outside
48
perithecium
ascocarp with a round or flask-shaped fruiting body with a pore through which the spores are discharged.
49
apothecium
ascocarp consisting of a discoid or cupped body bearing asci on the exposed flat or concave surface.
50
types of ascomycota
taprhinomycotina, saccharomycotina, pezizomycotina
51
taphrinomycotina
plant pathogens, saprotrophic yeasts (break down dead organisms for energy, parasites of the lung, root endophytes
52
saccharomycotina
are all unicellular yeasts, associate with microniches in animals, plants, and insects
53
pezizomycotina
most diverse group of ascomycota, can be lichens, are mycorrhizal, endophytes, also mycoparasites
54
dutch elm disease
caused by ascomycota
55
white nose syndrome
caused by pseudogymnoascus destructus (an ascomycota)
56
Basidiomycota
second most species rich, septate, have basidiocarps as fruiting bodies, spores produced by basidia
57
types of Basidiomycota
pucciniomycotina, ustilagomyctoina, agaricomycotina
58
pucciniomycotina
are saprotrophic yeasts, mycoparasites, insect pathogens, and form mycorrhizae
59
pucciniomycetes life cycle
require two separate hosts to complete life cycle (heteroecious), no basidiocarp formed
60
ustilagomycotina
yeasts, plant pathogens, some are free living, some are animal pathogens
61
agaricomycotina
largest group of Basidiomycota, are divided into tremellomycetes, dacrymycetes, agricomycetes
62
tremellomycetes
Basidiomycota agaricomycotina that form jelly fungi they are mycoparasites, free living
63
dacrymycetes
Basidiomycota agaricomycotina that are a small group of wood decaying fungi, are gelatinous pigmented fruiting bodies
64
agaricomycetes
Basidiomycota agaricomycotina that are saprotrophs (brown rot and white rot), pathogens, ectomycorrhizal, insect symbionts
65
destroying angel
type of agaricomycete that is very toxic
66
types of lichens
crustose - grows on a separate structure foliose - flattened leaf structure fruticose - coral like shrubby structure

plant bio (19 decks)

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