fruit

Question 1

what happens when sporophytes undergo meiosis

Answer 1

they produce spores

Question 2

mitosis function

Answer 2

produces gametophytes, which fertilize to form a zygote

Question 3

pollen grain

Answer 3

male gametophyte

Question 4

what is contained in the ovule

Answer 4

the female gametophyte

Question 5

what happens when pollen lands on the stigma

Answer 5

it moves through the tube and migrates to ovule,

Question 6

how does ovary become a fruit?

Answer 6

when ovule is fertilized seeds start to develop, other plant parts shrink and fall off causing ovary to swell and become a fruit

Question 7

one sperm + one egg

Answer 7

zygote

Question 8

one sperm + 2 polar nuclei

Answer 8

endosperm

Question 9

ovary wall

Answer 9

aka pericarp, wall of the fruit, seeds (mature ovules) are held within

Question 10

mature ovaries

Answer 10

fruit

Question 11

integument

Answer 11

seed coat

Question 12

pericarp parts

Answer 12

exocarp (outside), mesocarp(middle), endocarp (inside)

Question 13

types of fruit

Answer 13

simple fruit from a single carpel ovary

aggregate fruit from multiple ovaries (pistils) on one flower

multiple fruit - originates from multiple ovaries on multiple flowers

aggregate/multiple are compound

Question 14

fig wasps

Answer 14

lay their eggs inside of the fig

Question 15

wet vs dry fruits

Answer 15

wet fruits are succulent with a fleshy exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp

dry fruits have dry pericarps when mature

Question 16

types of fleshy/wet fruits

Answer 16

berry, pepo, pome, hesperidium, drupe/stone

Question 17

how are dry fruits distinguished

Answer 17

dehiscent (split open) and indehiscent (don’t split open)

Question 18

dehiscent fruits

Answer 18

legume/pod, silique, follicle, capsule

Question 19

indehiscent fruits

Answer 19

caryopsis, achene, samara, schizocarp, nut

Question 20

berry

Answer 20

all or most of pericarp is fleshy

Question 21

pepo

Answer 21

berry with a hard, thick rind, typical fruit of the gourd family (ex. melon)

Question 22

hesperidium

Answer 22

berry with a leathery rind and parchment like partitions between sections, typical fruit of the citrus (ex. orange0

Question 23

drupe

Answer 23

have a fleshy or soft exocarp, a fleshy mesocarp, and a stony endocarp (ex. cherries, plums)

Question 24

pome

Answer 24

fleshy tissue produced outside the core comes from hypanthium while tissues inside the core come from carpels (ex. apple)

Question 25

legume

Answer 25

composed of one carpel that splits open (peas)

Question 26

silique

Answer 26

two carpels separated by a seed-bearing septum (ex. cabbage)

Question 27

capsule

Answer 27

fruits that split open to release the seeds, composed of several fused carpels (cotton)

Question 28

follicle

Answer 28

fruits that develop from a single carpel and dehisce along one suture

Question 29

nut

Answer 29

large syncarpous gynoceium (fused carpels) that contains single seeds, ovary wall becomes very hard at maturity’s and the seed remains unattached to the ovary wall (ex. acorns)

Question 30

caryopsis

Answer 30

seed coat is adnate to the ovary wall, one seeded fruit where the pericarp is fused with the seed coat (ex. grains)

Question 31

achene

Answer 31

one seeded fruit small and ovary wall not attached to seed, pericarp is free from seed coat (ex. strawberry)

Question 32

schizocarp

Answer 32

produced from fused carpels and split apart at maturity into mericarps, seed bearing carpels split apart, but remain indehiscent

Question 33

samara

Answer 33

winged fruit

Question 34

accessory fruits

Answer 34

consist of ovary + other floral parts

Question 35

what do strawberries consist of

Answer 35

one strawberry consists of multiple ovaries/seeds

Question 36

types of dispersal

Answer 36

wind and water

Question 37

wind dispersal

Answer 37

occurs in dust like, tiny winged, plumed seeds, also woolly, balloons, and roller plants

Question 38

water dispersal

Answer 38

occurs in splash cups, sea currents, and streams

Question 39

types of animal dispersal

Answer 39

active/passive

Question 40

passive dispersal

Answer 40

occurs through simple adhesion, awns, hooks, and barbs

Question 41

active dispersal

Answer 41

occurs through carrying, catching, and ant elaiosomes, ingestion is another form of active dispersal

Question 42

mechanical dispersal

Answer 42

ballistic fruits, shaker fruits, hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from air)

Question 43

fruit traits

Answer 43

nutritious, seeds can pass through animals without being destroyed, can increase dispersal mechanisms

Question 44

how are seeds protected before maturity

Answer 44

unripe fruit can be less attractive or contain defensive compounds

Question 45

traits of animal dispersed fruit

Answer 45

seeds are either regurgitated or pass through digestive system into feces, fruits contain mild Laxative, seeds require passage through gut for germination, fruit may be eaten and seeds spit out