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plant cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does the plant cell consist of?

A

a plasma membrane interior to the cell wall, hydrophilic on the inside and hydrophobic on the outside

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2
Q

primary vs secondary cell wall

A

primary cell wall is produced first, secondary produced after, consists of lignin and cellulose

both have pectin and cellulose

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3
Q

middle lamella function

A

holds cells together

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4
Q

what is plant tissue made of?

A

mostly cellulose formed from plasma membrane

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5
Q

what are microfibrils composed of?

A

many cellulose molecules

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6
Q

cellulose microfibril orientation

A

parallel to each other with rosettes (produce celluose microfibrils) parallel to microtubules

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7
Q

plasmodesmata

A

intercellular pores connecting adjacent cells, important for cell signaling and defense

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8
Q

what is contained in some plant cell tissue areas?

A

has microbes and fungi in small spaces

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9
Q

desmotubules

A

traverse cell membrane

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10
Q

central vacuole

A

very large, take up water, push against cell wall surface, hold pigments and can account for 90% of cells volume

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11
Q

tonoplast

A

membrane of central vacuole

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12
Q

central vacuole functions

A

turgidity, storage, digestion by enzymes

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13
Q

turgidity

A

provides structure and flower movement

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14
Q

what does the central vacuole store?

A

water/salts/ions, pigments, starch proteins, waste/toxins

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15
Q

function of digestive enzymes of central vacuole

A

breakdown of macromolecules, comparable to lysozymes in animal cells

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16
Q

druses

A

aggregates of calcium oxalate crystals

17
Q

rawhides

A

needle like crystals of calcium oxalate

18
Q

plants in hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic environments

A

hypertonic - cells are plasmolyzed and water moves out

isotonic - cells are flaccid and water moves in and out equally

hypotonic - water moves in and cells are turgid, making the plant erect

19
Q

plastid development

A

proplastid develops into chloroplast or store pigment to become chromoplast, or store starch to become amyloplast

20
Q

thylakoid membrane

A

found in the chloroplast, includes protein complexes important for photosynthesis

21
Q

do chloroplasts need light?

A

Yes, but not too much.

22
Q

chromoplasts in bright vs dim light

A

they will orient differently

23
Q

leucoplasts

A

non pigmented plastids - include amyloplasts which store starch, and elaioplasts which store lipids

24
Q

function of pigment stores in plastids

A

give color

25
Q

chromoplasts

A

plastids that contain pigment

26
Q

mitochondrion function

A

produces ATP, means that plants require oxygen

27
Q

cytoskeleton

A

consists of microfilaments and microtubules

28
Q

what are microtubules and intermediate filaments composed of?

A

proteins such as actin

29
Q

flagellum structure in plant cells

A

consist of microtubule pairs

30
Q

three tissue systems

A

dermal, vascular, and ground

31
Q

ground tissue system structure

A

includes parenchyma cell (stem cell), a thicker collenchyma cell, and sclerenchyma cell which consists of lignin, found in areas that need structural support

considered simple tissue, since it’s made of one type of cell

32
Q

complex tissue

A

composed of multiple types of cells

33
Q

vascular tissue

A

complex tissue that consists of the cell types in ground tissue plus xylem and phloem

34
Q

phloem cell function

A

include long linear cells that move carbohydrates

35
Q

xylem function

A

move water, are dead at maturity, have secondary cell walls, making it stronger

36
Q

what is wood made up of?

A

xylem tissue

37
Q

dermal system

A

complex, consists of epidermis or periderm, stoma and pore are found here, guard cells are present in higher plants

38
Q

what is found in the periderm

A

consists of a cork cambium for growth and mitosis and lenticels that allow for gas exchange

plant bio (19 decks)

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