Roman Flashcards
1
Q
Ancient Roman Republic
A
509 BCE – 27 BCE
2
Q
Roman Empire
A
27 BCE – 476 CE
3
Q
how did continents differ in the past
A
since so much trade was by water, continents might be less significant than ocean routes for spread of cultures
4
Q
The origins of Roman culture are
A
mythical
5
Q
how is the culture mythical
A
in the literal sense, there are competing origin stories about how it was founded
6
Q
before what we call the Roman civilization there were
A
earlier civilizations in the region, such as the Etruscans
7
Q
Rome became a Republic governed by
A
landowning males
8
Q
when did the Republic start to break down
A
In 60 BCE, Julius Caesar formed a ruling party
9
Q
Key cultural values of the Empire
A
- more diverse than many other cultures
- Romans merge Greek religious belif and merge it with their own
- Adapt and adopt many Greek forms
- more centralized
- recognized the value in subduing populations if you can prevent unrest by giving services
10
Q
how was Rome more diverse than other cultures
A
they allowed the worship of other gods
11
Q
Verism
A
extreme realism in depiction
12
Q
Verism can also be called
A
“warts and all” realism
13
Q
Verism is most associated with
A
ancient Roman ancestor portraits
14
Q
Verism was often used to idealized
A
age
15
Q
The ancient Roman Republic is seen as a
A
city state
16
Q
In 27 BCE, what did the new empire do
A
changed art
17
Q
what were the biggest religions still alive today
A
- Christianity
- Islam
- Budahism
18
Q
what was the turn of the century marked by
A
the religions spreading beyond their country’s border
19
Q
After the Republic fell, it changed from _____ to ____
A
polytheistic to monotheistic
20
Q
Head of a Man shows verism through its
A
detailed hair, beard, eyebrows, wrinkles
21
Q
During the Ancient Roman Republic, what was sculpture used for
A
- remember great leaders
- pay tributes to ancestors
22
Q
bust
A
sculpture of shoulders up
23
Q
during the 300 BCE, what were the Romans doing
A
looking and admiring the Greek art
24
Q
The Ancient Roman Republic was big on
A
coping other culture’s art
25
what do the eyebrows look like on the Heda of a Man
a crown of laurel leaves
26
the sculptures of Roman busts would have been ______ compared to Greece
less painted
27
what were the busts commonly focused on
worshiping ancestors
28
How were Roman Temples different than Greek temples
1. Roman was smaller in size
2. Roman was enclosed not open like in Greece
3. The columns are for decoration, not structural support
4. There was fewer sculptures around the temple
5. it would have been raised higher than Greek
29
Roman temples were found
in centralized areas
30
unlike Greek temples, roman temples only had
one side with stairs not all sides
31
what did the enclosed temple mean
1. the interior was bigger
32
Roman temples were used as
stores for loot
33
The Sculptures carrying ancestor busts were often used in
funerals
34
what was having a bust of the ancestors seen as
being upper class
35
Typically, politicians wanted to be seen as
young men, not old wrinkled men
36
moving away from ancestors, sculpture was seen more and more as
repersenting the emperor and not upper class
37
as the sculpture was shifted to emperors,
1. more resources of the state were dedicated to the sculptures
38
When was the Agustus of Primaporta likely made
when he was an old man and after his death
39
what separates roman art from greek
often the roman sculptures were wearing clothes
40
the breastplate of Agustus of Primaporta is a
narrative story
41
According to the beliefs at the time, what happens when an emperor dies
they become a god
42
what does the hand gesture of Agustus of Primaporta show
1. seen as a blessing of the troops
2. seen as a welcome to the troops
43
what do the Agustus of Primaporta statue represent him as
1. a leader
2. a general
3. a descendent of gods
44
what is the child at the foot of Agustus of Primaporta
a cupid
45
what does cupid represent
child of love and the connection to Venus
46
Roman art focuses on
emperors
47
is it true that most Greek art was actually Roman
YES
48
Women in politics
had no direct role in politics but could have indirect roles
49
what are examples of roman statue types to represent the empire
1. Column of Trajan
2. Equestrian Statues
3. The Arch of Titus
50
Column of Trajan
a free-standing column topped with statues
51
what happened to the statues at the top pf the Column of Trajan
they were replaced with a Christian sculpture
52
around the tower of the Column of Trajan was
a narrative story of the triumph of emperor as the Romans cross the river
53
what was Neptune seen as on the Column of Trajan
blessing the soldiers as they pass
54
eclecticism
taking from many sources
55
what cultures did Romans take as sources
Greek and Egypt
56
Equestrian statues were made from
gilded bronze
57
as time goes on, people did what with bronze statues
they lost the ability to cast huge bronze statues like equestrian statues
58
Roman buildings were
major success of their empire
59
why were Roman buildings a huge success
they were made from concrete and incredibly strong
60
what does the Arch of Titus commemorate
Titu's success over Isreal and Jerusalem
61
The triumphal arch monument forms for
political purposes
62
what are the benefits of the round arch
1. stronger
2. allows bigger rooms
63
did the Romans invent the round arch
no
64
How did the romans use greek order of architecture
it was freer, with less rules
65
What does a detail from the Arch of Titus show
spoils from the Temple of Solomon
66
why is the invasion of the Temple of Solomon important
shows that the emperor expanded the empire
67
the Roman temples were
in all differnet shapes
68
What does the Imperial Procession show
there was lots of variety in the figures which shows naturalistic repersentation
69
details from the Imperial Procession
1. the drapery is very detailed
2. showed depth with faces at different depths
3. children actually look like kids
70
what was the point of the Imperial Procession
tribute to the emperor
71
What was common for Roman bridges
spans long distances
72
what was an amphitheatre used for
popular place for entertainment
73
in Roman culture death was seen as a
spectacle
74
The Greek buildings did not have this
multiple levles
75
How did a 2D mosaic from the floor show depth in Roman art
1. figures farther away show less depth
2. there is a sense of foreground and background
3. figures farther away were smaller
4. there was shading on the central figures
76
what were the really important political changes under Constantine
1. He received a vision before a battle that lead to the win - led to his acceptance of Christianity
2. The Edict of Milan
3. Moves the capital of the Empire to Constantinople
4. Accepts support of Christianity - makes it acceptable
5. After his death, Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire
77
Edict of Milan
legalizes Christianity
78
Rome was the first culture to
embrace a monotheistic culture
79
Why is the Roman Basilica important
it would become Christian churches
80
What was a Roman Basilica used for
a court of law
81
In the late empire, what happened to realism
it declined drastically
82
what was a common explanation for the shift from realism
symbols of the emperors were more important than the individual
83
The Tetrarchs shows
the 4 co Roman emperors ruling together
84
Abstraction
Meaning to simplify something into its geometric components
85
Later busts of emperors were more about
1. the position and not the people
2. there was less focus on realism
86
Roundels vs the bottom of the Arch of Constantine
1. The roundels had unique bodies with simple drapery
2. the bottom had unequal body proportions with a precession that is uniform
87
As the Empire emerges from the Republic, what happens to verialsm
it is seen as the a representation of Republican values
88
While they were in many ways brutal colonizers, they often brought many
developments to their colonies (roads, fresh water, sanitation...)
89
Pantheon meaning
Temple to all the gods
90
Apse of the Roman Basilica
The semi-circular portion at the end
91
What are the roundels at the Arch of Constantine an example of
the re-use of decorations as they are from earlier sites
