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Meso-America Flashcards

1
Q

what does evidence suggest about communities across Turtle Island

A

they were there as early as 15 000 to 20 000 years ago

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2
Q

cultural and archaeological evidence of maize suggests what

A

settled agriculture in southern US and Mesoamerica from 5000 BCE

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3
Q

many communities used a combination of

A

settled agriculture and normadic

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4
Q

Caral Civilization

A

3200 BCE to 1800 BCE

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5
Q

oldest know large urban centers in North America

A

Caral Civilziation

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6
Q

Caral Civilization was centered around

A

3 rivers in Northern peru

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7
Q

was the reason for decline in Caral Civilization known

A

NO

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8
Q

what is associated with the Caral Civilization

A

little visual art but monumental architecture

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9
Q

what is similar between Caral Civilization and Souther American cultures

A

gods worshipped

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10
Q

the Caral Civilization had trade networks______ other American sites

A

1500 years earlier

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11
Q

what culture does central round amphitheaters associate with

A

Caral

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12
Q

Caral central amphitheatres were

A

sunken and facing toward solstice

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13
Q

when was the Site of Caral built

A

2600 BCE

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14
Q

what is one of the oldest urban centers in the Americas

A

Site of Caral

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15
Q

what does the site of Caral contain

A

six ceremonial mound-shaped platforms surrounded by a large central plaza

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16
Q

what is thought as one of the building blocks of civilziation

A

ceramics

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17
Q

did Caral culture have ceramics

A

NO

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18
Q

were there differentiated buildings for public/ceremonial and private in Caral

A

YES

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19
Q

Mesoamerica

A

present-day central America

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20
Q

how does a culture become an empire

A

expand beyond the local town or city to exert power over their neighbours

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21
Q

What do most Mesoamerican cultures share

A

some interests and traditions

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22
Q

what are some shared interests/traditions in Mesoamerica

A
  1. ball game
  2. trade between distant areas
  3. city-states with polytheistic beliefs
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23
Q

4 major cultural groups of Mesoamerica

A
  1. Olmec
  2. Teotihuacan
  3. Classic Maua
  4. Aztec
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24
Q

Olmec

A

1500 BCE to 200 CE

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25
Teotihuacan
200 CE to 650 CE
26
Classical Maya
250 to 900 CE
27
Aztec
1300 CE to 1600 CE
28
What axis are both Olmec and Teotihuacan arranged
north/south
29
shared features between the four main cultures of Mesoamerica
1. deities 2. ballgame 3. 260-day calendar 4. trade networks
30
what is an important symbol of kings in Olmec and Maya cultures
jaguars
31
Storm/rain god in Mexica culture is
Tlaloc
32
Storm/rain god in Maya is
Chaac
33
when does Maya culture emerge as early as
1800 BCE
34
when does Classical Maya culture start to decline
1300 CE
35
the first major culture in the Americas for leaving significant architectural ruins
Olmec
36
what were the Olmec architectural ruins indicative of
a large, settled population (development of cities)
37
when did Olmec culture start to decline
200 CE
38
what was very influential on later Mesoamerican cultures
Olmec
39
Olmec means
rubber
40
who gave the Olmec's their name
Aztecs
41
what did the Olmec cities have
large pyramidal earth mounds oriented towards North
42
the pyramidal earth mound in Olmec functioned as
burial offering sites
43
what is called the mother culture of Mesoamerican
Olmec
44
what does it mean when Olmec is called the mother culture of Mesoamerican
it shares a lot
45
what culture has many jade artifacts
Olmec
46
what do all the Colossal heads of Olmec share
1. flared lip 2. almond eyes 3. head cleft 4. similar headdress
47
the Colossal heads of Olmec were thought to be
rulers (don't know for sure)
48
what culture carved "baby figures"
Olmec
49
what did the Olmec people highly value
jade
50
what have the jade figures been associated with in Olmec
death rituals
51
what do the Olmec votive axes combine
human features and other animals
52
what is the jaguar seen as in Maya mythology
ruler of the Underworld
53
the jaguar in Maya mythology is a symbol of
power, ferocity and valor
54
what Olmec symbol relates to rulers
Harpy eagle = Bird Monster
55
what was the first large URBAN culture in the Americas
Teotihuacan
56
Teotihuacan has more tribute to ____ rather than _____
gods AND rulers
57
Teotihuacan means
city of the gods
58
Teotihuacan buildings were all
1. even a multiple of 83 cm 2. highly organized, planned and controlled
59
Teotihuacan buildings are enlarged by
encasing earlier versions
60
Teotihuacan is in the Talud tablero style which means
lots of entablature (vertical surfaces covered in sculpture)
61
The Temple of the Sun has many
buried objects/offerisng
62
Teotihuacan decor is more _______ than Olmec
linear
63
what identifies Teotihuacan art
flatter, more linear style more abstracted more animal/human hybrids
64
Teotihuacan Temple of the Feathered Serpent has
murals of the feathered serpent
65
the temple of the feathered serpent is mostly likely associated with
warfare and human sacrifice
66
the feathered serpents _____ Teotihuacan
pre-dates
67
much of the wall surfaces in Teotihuacan were
painted in fresco
68
the feathered serpent in Teotihuacan becomes a symbol of
war and power
69
what are the dominant painting colour schemes in Teotihuacan
red predominant with green, yellow and blue
70
Maya is used for the
people and culture
71
Mayan is used for the
language
72
Are Mayas still extent
YES
73
Maya culture was originally organized into
separate city-states ruled by leaders who were closely linked to gods
74
Maya culture was
polytheistic
75
The ball game fields in Maya was linked to the
Ancient Olympics
76
the cities in Maya (like other Mesoamerican)
were oriented along compass axis
77
what contrasts the Mayans from Teotihuacan
Maya was very decentralized while Teotihuacan was very centralized
78
Why did the Mayans decline
possibly due to crop failure
79
The site Tikal in Maya was a
major center
80
larger Maya centers had
wealthy rulers who commisoned art to glorify their court
81
Maya society was
highly stratified (class structure)
82
The Mayans had many traditions and beliefs from
Olmec
83
the Mayans had regular trade and battle with
Teotihuacan and Aztecs
84
do Maya ceramic vessels survive
YES
85
Mayan ceramic vessels were a symbol of
wealth but were found in tombs from wealthy to lower ranks
86
Mayan rain GOd
Chauhk
87
The Mayan Cup shows the
circle of life
88
glyphs are common in
Maya
89
glyphs
writing in abstract symbol
90
glyphs can make the imagery hard to pull out in Mayan
TRUE
91
painted vessels in Maya give an idea to the
court diplomacy and court life
92
Maya sculpture material ranges from
wood, jade to stone
93
Mayan sculpture has worked in both
round and bas-reliefs
94
what is very typical of Mayan sculpture
hands curled
95
what is a mesoamerican identifer
flared ears
96
Codex
word for book and sometimes refers to non-paper, sewn manuscript
97
Codex is used for _______ manuscripts
all Mesoamerican
98
what was an important culture form for Maya
codex
99
Pre-Hispanic codices
frame line with symbolic
100
the Dresden Codex contains
astronomical tables describing planets, solstices..
101
Mayan had _____ calendars
1. 365 solar calendar 2. 260 day calendar
102
what did Mayan used to calculate the leap year
Venus
103
What two planets were the most important to Maya
Mars and Venus
104
Spanish colonized Maya and tried to do what
forcibly convert the local population to Catholicism
105
how many pre-Hispanic codices survive
only FOUR

Art History (21 decks)

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