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Art History > Early Christianity and Byzantine > Flashcards

Early Christianity and Byzantine Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the Fall of Rome refer to

A

the decline in power and influence of Rome as a power center

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2
Q

what does the Roman Empire split into

A

East and West

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3
Q

What happened to the Western Empire

A

taken over in 476 CE

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4
Q

Late Roman Empire

A

235 to 410 CE

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5
Q

what was the Late Roman Empire marked by

A

instability

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6
Q

Early Christian Art

A

art from the earliest followers of Jesus (30 CE) to 476 CE in the Roman Empire

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7
Q

when was there identifiable Christian art

A

not until around late 250 CE

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8
Q

what happens in 313 CE

A

Constantine publishes the Edict of Milan

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9
Q

what did the Edict of Milan lead to

A
  1. changes in art
  2. allowing Christianity in the Roman Empire
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10
Q

when does Christianity become the state Religion of Rome

A

380 CE

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11
Q

When does the Western part of the Roman Empire collapse

A

476 CE

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12
Q

what leads to the separation of Rome into two parts

A

the fall of Western part of Roman Empire

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13
Q

Byzantine Empire

A

from 476 to 1453 CE

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14
Q

Western Europe

A

476 to 1000 CE

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15
Q

what is an indication of the importance of the Middle East

A

Constantine moving the Capital East

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16
Q

Byzantium is renamed ______ and is now ______

A

Constantinople and Istanbul

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17
Q

what happens to the Western Empire after it collapses

A

no clear leader and it was ruled by small city-states

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18
Q

When does Justinian come to power in the East

A

527

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19
Q

IS the Byzantine start date clear

A

NO

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20
Q

Function of a Roman Basilica

A

as a court of law

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21
Q

what was taken over by Christianity and used for a different purpose

A

The Roman Basilica

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22
Q

The Christian Faith believes in

A

one God

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23
Q

how many persons does the Christian God manifest into

A

3

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24
Q

Trinity of God

A
  1. God the Father
  2. God the Son
  3. God the Holy Spirit
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25
Q

What is the Holy Spirit often symbolized by

A

a dove

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26
Q

What was Jesus believed to be

A

the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies

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27
Q

what religion is the Old Testament often associated with

A

Jewish

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28
Q

what religion is the New Testament often associated with

A

Christianity

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29
Q

when is Jesus deemed fully divine and fully human

A

at the Councill of Nicaea in 325

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30
Q

what is Mary commonly called

A

the Virgin

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31
Q

what is it called when Mary was told she would have a son by Gabriel

A

annuciation

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32
Q

what does Jesus do at 30

A

called to his ministry and gathers his 12 followers

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33
Q

what are the 12 followers of Jesus known as

A

apostles or disciples

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34
Q

the last supper

A

when he foretells his death

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35
Q

what is the last supper and his death seen as

A

a sacrifice to save his followers in the afterlife

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36
Q

what does Jesus tell his disciples to do at the last supper

A

eat the bread and drink the wine as a symbol of his body and blood

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37
Q

clarification

A

Jesus is put to death

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38
Q

Resurrection

A

Rose from dead 3 days later

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39
Q

Ascension

A

Ascended into Heaven

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40
Q

what are the gospels

A
  1. Matthew
  2. Mark
  3. Luke
  4. John
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41
Q

What happened to Christians before the Edict of Milan

A

they were often persecuted

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42
Q

what does being persecuted do to early Christian art

A

makes it ambiguous

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43
Q

what is the metaphor to describe Jesus

A

the Good Shepard

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44
Q

What does Jesus say about himself in the Gospel of John

A

He is the Good Shepard and will lay down his life for his flock

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45
Q

what does Christianity grow out of

A

Monotheistic Judaism

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46
Q

what is the reason there wasn’t lots of Christian art before the 200s

A

the 10 Commandments prohibited the worshipping of “false gods”

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47
Q

what were false gods often interpreted as

A

statues but also some paintings

48
Q

what did Judaism often do when making art

A

be iconoclastic

49
Q

is Early Christianity the first religion to show a shepard

A

NO

50
Q

syncretism

A

melding of different belief systems or their forms

51
Q

syncretism in art

A

refers to re-purposing of older visual traditions by newer religions

52
Q

why was a Good Shepard image common

A

could pass as non-Christian

53
Q

Orant figure

A

woman standing with outstretched arms

54
Q

Catacombs

A

underground burial spaces around Rome

55
Q

where were Roman cemeteries kept

A

outside the city

56
Q

what shift happened in the 2nd Century CE with the dead

A

preserved some of the dead and kept them in the catacombs

57
Q

one of the first openly Christian buildings

A

Old St. Peter’s Basilica

58
Q

is the Old St. Peter’s Basilica still extent

A

NO

59
Q

when was the St. Peter’s Basilica build

A

after the Edict of Milan

60
Q

who supported the building of Peter’s Basilica

A

Constantine

61
Q

what does the St. Peter’s Basilica show

A
  1. Christians adopted Roman forms
  2. points to fact about the Renaissnace
62
Q

What fact does the St. Peter’s Basilica show about the Renaissance

A

The Basilica is torn down because they were confident they could build a better

63
Q

what was the only Christian church in Europe

A

Catholic church

64
Q

what shape becomes the standard church shape in the Western Empire

A

Basilica shape

65
Q

What is the nave

A

center row that has a higher roof

66
Q

what is the nave flanked by

A

side aisles with lower roofs

67
Q

What structure do the windows of the churches often have

A

Round arch

68
Q

What was highly decorated in early Christian churches

A

the interior

69
Q

what was the common decoration in churches

A

mosaics

70
Q

where is the alter in a church

A

the aspse portion

71
Q

central plan buildings take forms from _______ and repurpose it

A

Greek and Roman

72
Q

what are longitudinal buildings used for

A

ceremonial processions with big audiences

73
Q

what were central plan buildings used for

A

smaller events like a Baptism or burial

74
Q

where do central plans buildings become more used

A

in the Eastern (Byzantine) Christian world

75
Q

what is an example of a central plan building

A

Church of Santa Constanze

76
Q

what does the Harvesting of Grapes mosaic show

A

a shift away from realism, individuality in the figures and realistic scale

77
Q

what is a clear symbolism for Christians

A

the miracle of turning wine into the blood of Christ

78
Q

when does Christianity come to fruition in Roman empire

A

the 300s

79
Q

what does the OT depict Jesus as

A

a shepard

80
Q

what does the NT depict Jesus as

A

a Shepard that will lay down his life to protect his flock

81
Q

what is the significance of the NT version of Jesus

A

new God is a nice and forgiving God

82
Q

what site of worship was built by Romans

A

temples

83
Q

what site of worship was built by Christians

A

basilicas that turn into churches

84
Q

why would early churches burn down

A

the roof was wood and the lights were fire

85
Q

what does Medieval mean (literally)

A

Middle Ages

86
Q

time period of the Medieval

A

476 CE to Renaissance

87
Q

rough date for the Renaissance

A

1400

88
Q

what is Medieval seen as in the Renaissance

A

an insult for “crap” art

89
Q

what does Early Christian mean

A

before 476

90
Q

subdivisions of Medieval

A
  1. Medieval-Byzantine
  2. Medieval-Western Europe
91
Q

The East/Byzantine State were ruled by

A

Byzantine Emperor is the Bishop and head of the church/state

92
Q

The East/Byzantine State was completely separated from the West

A

NO

93
Q

The East/Byzantine State in 726

A

Eastern church bans icons and destroys lots

94
Q

was the Bishop of Rome the most powerful in the West

A

NO

95
Q

The West state in the 800s

A

Charlemange was crowed Emperor and was the first emperor since 5th century

96
Q

what happened in 1054

A

the Christian church officially splits into 2

97
Q

Divisions of Christian Church

A
  1. Western/Roman Catholic
  2. Eastern/Orthodox churches
98
Q

when is the Byzantine Empire taken over by Ottoman Empire

A

1453

99
Q

when does the Protestant Reformation start

A

1517

100
Q

what was more normal in Western Roman Empire

A

Longitudal churches

101
Q

what was more normal in Byzantine

A

central plan churches

102
Q

what happens to central plan churches in byzantine

A

they get bigger and more common

103
Q

what is the Bishop doing with the Christ Enthroned mosaic

A

presenting a church to Jesus

104
Q

what church depicts Justinian in mosaics

A

San Vitale

105
Q

what is the Byzantine empire

A

the continuation of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire

106
Q

Is the start of the Byzantine clear

A

NO

107
Q

until when is Roman the strongest and richest state

A

it gets taken over by Ottoman in 1453

108
Q

what happens in the later Byzantine

A

notable shift in how Jesus is protrayed

109
Q

what is Jesus more focused on in later Byzantine

A

his role as judge

110
Q

what Testament of the Bible has a cross on it

A

the NT

111
Q

Cruciform halo

A

represents the trinity

112
Q

what is a Byzantine style characterized by

A

abstracted forms
long noses
geometric eyes
wide wyes
heavy eyebrows
simple hair

113
Q

when did Christians agree that Mary was a Virgin

A

431 CE

114
Q

intercessor

A

someone who forwards your prayers on

115
Q

who is an example of an intercessor

A

MARY

116
Q

Iconography

A

the way things are usually represented and allow us to identify aspects of the art
(people for example)

117
Q

what are common aspects of Iconography

A

figure is central
looking straight at us
sitting while others stand

Art History (21 decks)

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