Early Christianity and Byzantine Flashcards
1
Q
what does the Fall of Rome refer to
A
the decline in power and influence of Rome as a power center
2
Q
what does the Roman Empire split into
A
East and West
3
Q
What happened to the Western Empire
A
taken over in 476 CE
4
Q
Late Roman Empire
A
235 to 410 CE
5
Q
what was the Late Roman Empire marked by
A
instability
6
Q
Early Christian Art
A
art from the earliest followers of Jesus (30 CE) to 476 CE in the Roman Empire
7
Q
when was there identifiable Christian art
A
not until around late 250 CE
8
Q
what happens in 313 CE
A
Constantine publishes the Edict of Milan
9
Q
what did the Edict of Milan lead to
A
- changes in art
- allowing Christianity in the Roman Empire
10
Q
when does Christianity become the state Religion of Rome
A
380 CE
11
Q
When does the Western part of the Roman Empire collapse
A
476 CE
12
Q
what leads to the separation of Rome into two parts
A
the fall of Western part of Roman Empire
13
Q
Byzantine Empire
A
from 476 to 1453 CE
14
Q
Western Europe
A
476 to 1000 CE
15
Q
what is an indication of the importance of the Middle East
A
Constantine moving the Capital East
16
Q
Byzantium is renamed ______ and is now ______
A
Constantinople and Istanbul
17
Q
what happens to the Western Empire after it collapses
A
no clear leader and it was ruled by small city-states
18
Q
When does Justinian come to power in the East
A
527
19
Q
IS the Byzantine start date clear
A
NO
20
Q
Function of a Roman Basilica
A
as a court of law
21
Q
what was taken over by Christianity and used for a different purpose
A
The Roman Basilica
22
Q
The Christian Faith believes in
A
one God
23
Q
how many persons does the Christian God manifest into
A
3
24
Q
Trinity of God
A
- God the Father
- God the Son
- God the Holy Spirit
25
What is the Holy Spirit often symbolized by
a dove
26
What was Jesus believed to be
the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies
27
what religion is the Old Testament often associated with
Jewish
28
what religion is the New Testament often associated with
Christianity
29
when is Jesus deemed fully divine and fully human
at the Councill of Nicaea in 325
30
what is Mary commonly called
the Virgin
31
what is it called when Mary was told she would have a son by Gabriel
annuciation
32
what does Jesus do at 30
called to his ministry and gathers his 12 followers
33
what are the 12 followers of Jesus known as
apostles or disciples
34
the last supper
when he foretells his death
35
what is the last supper and his death seen as
a sacrifice to save his followers in the afterlife
36
what does Jesus tell his disciples to do at the last supper
eat the bread and drink the wine as a symbol of his body and blood
37
clarification
Jesus is put to death
38
Resurrection
Rose from dead 3 days later
39
Ascension
Ascended into Heaven
40
what are the gospels
1. Matthew
2. Mark
3. Luke
4. John
41
What happened to Christians before the Edict of Milan
they were often persecuted
42
what does being persecuted do to early Christian art
makes it ambiguous
43
what is the metaphor to describe Jesus
the Good Shepard
44
What does Jesus say about himself in the Gospel of John
He is the Good Shepard and will lay down his life for his flock
45
what does Christianity grow out of
Monotheistic Judaism
46
what is the reason there wasn't lots of Christian art before the 200s
the 10 Commandments prohibited the worshipping of "false gods"
47
what were false gods often interpreted as
statues but also some paintings
48
what did Judaism often do when making art
be iconoclastic
49
is Early Christianity the first religion to show a shepard
NO
50
syncretism
melding of different belief systems or their forms
51
syncretism in art
refers to re-purposing of older visual traditions by newer religions
52
why was a Good Shepard image common
could pass as non-Christian
53
Orant figure
woman standing with outstretched arms
54
Catacombs
underground burial spaces around Rome
55
where were Roman cemeteries kept
outside the city
56
what shift happened in the 2nd Century CE with the dead
preserved some of the dead and kept them in the catacombs
57
one of the first openly Christian buildings
Old St. Peter's Basilica
58
is the Old St. Peter's Basilica still extent
NO
59
when was the St. Peter's Basilica build
after the Edict of Milan
60
who supported the building of Peter's Basilica
Constantine
61
what does the St. Peter's Basilica show
1. Christians adopted Roman forms
2. points to fact about the Renaissnace
62
What fact does the St. Peter's Basilica show about the Renaissance
The Basilica is torn down because they were confident they could build a better
63
what was the only Christian church in Europe
Catholic church
64
what shape becomes the standard church shape in the Western Empire
Basilica shape
65
What is the nave
center row that has a higher roof
66
what is the nave flanked by
side aisles with lower roofs
67
What structure do the windows of the churches often have
Round arch
68
What was highly decorated in early Christian churches
the interior
69
what was the common decoration in churches
mosaics
70
where is the alter in a church
the aspse portion
71
central plan buildings take forms from _______ and repurpose it
Greek and Roman
72
what are longitudinal buildings used for
ceremonial processions with big audiences
73
what were central plan buildings used for
smaller events like a Baptism or burial
74
where do central plans buildings become more used
in the Eastern (Byzantine) Christian world
75
what is an example of a central plan building
Church of Santa Constanze
76
what does the Harvesting of Grapes mosaic show
a shift away from realism, individuality in the figures and realistic scale
77
what is a clear symbolism for Christians
the miracle of turning wine into the blood of Christ
78
when does Christianity come to fruition in Roman empire
the 300s
79
what does the OT depict Jesus as
a shepard
80
what does the NT depict Jesus as
a Shepard that will lay down his life to protect his flock
81
what is the significance of the NT version of Jesus
new God is a nice and forgiving God
82
what site of worship was built by Romans
temples
83
what site of worship was built by Christians
basilicas that turn into churches
84
why would early churches burn down
the roof was wood and the lights were fire
85
what does Medieval mean (literally)
Middle Ages
86
time period of the Medieval
476 CE to Renaissance
87
rough date for the Renaissance
1400
88
what is Medieval seen as in the Renaissance
an insult for "crap" art
89
what does Early Christian mean
before 476
90
subdivisions of Medieval
1. Medieval-Byzantine
2. Medieval-Western Europe
91
The East/Byzantine State were ruled by
Byzantine Emperor is the Bishop and head of the church/state
92
The East/Byzantine State was completely separated from the West
NO
93
The East/Byzantine State in 726
Eastern church bans icons and destroys lots
94
was the Bishop of Rome the most powerful in the West
NO
95
The West state in the 800s
Charlemange was crowed Emperor and was the first emperor since 5th century
96
what happened in 1054
the Christian church officially splits into 2
97
Divisions of Christian Church
1. Western/Roman Catholic
2. Eastern/Orthodox churches
98
when is the Byzantine Empire taken over by Ottoman Empire
1453
99
when does the Protestant Reformation start
1517
100
what was more normal in Western Roman Empire
Longitudal churches
101
what was more normal in Byzantine
central plan churches
102
what happens to central plan churches in byzantine
they get bigger and more common
103
what is the Bishop doing with the Christ Enthroned mosaic
presenting a church to Jesus
104
what church depicts Justinian in mosaics
San Vitale
105
what is the Byzantine empire
the continuation of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire
106
Is the start of the Byzantine clear
NO
107
until when is Roman the strongest and richest state
it gets taken over by Ottoman in 1453
108
what happens in the later Byzantine
notable shift in how Jesus is protrayed
109
what is Jesus more focused on in later Byzantine
his role as judge
110
what Testament of the Bible has a cross on it
the NT
111
Cruciform halo
represents the trinity
112
what is a Byzantine style characterized by
abstracted forms
long noses
geometric eyes
wide wyes
heavy eyebrows
simple hair
113
when did Christians agree that Mary was a Virgin
431 CE
114
intercessor
someone who forwards your prayers on
115
who is an example of an intercessor
MARY
116
Iconography
the way things are usually represented and allow us to identify aspects of the art
(people for example)
117
what are common aspects of Iconography
figure is central
looking straight at us
sitting while others stand
