RNA Polymerase Flashcards
Nearly all RNA is made from a _____ template through transcription by an _____ polymerase
DNA, RNA
there are three major types of RNA : _______ ______ _____
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
mRNA is a _________ RNA for encoding _______
messenger, proteins
tRNA is a ______ RNA that translates _____ to _____
transfer, nucleotides, amino acids
rRNA is a ________ RNA that is ______ and structural part of the ribosome
ribosomal, catalytic
RNA polymerase requires a ________ but do not require a _______
template, primer
RNA polymerases ______ the DNA template as they read it
unwind
RNA polymerases ______ the formation of phosphodiester bonds in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
catalyze
RNA polymerases display ______ fidelity than DNA polymerases
less
the _______ dictates the start and stop sites of transcription.
template
_________ is reading double stranded DNA to make single stranded RNA
transcription
the _____ DNA strand is complementary to the coding strand, which has the same sequence as the mRNA
template
RNA synthesis is carried out by RNA ______ in three stages which are ___________ ____________ and _______
intiation, elongation, termination
initiation
- promoters search and identify sequence elements in _______ _____
- a strectch of DNA is _______ to make single stranded DNA template
template DNA
opened
elongation
- _____ are linked via phosphodiester bond one at a time, in a directional fashion without a primer
- RNAP can _______ to correct erros
NTPs, backtrack
termination
- detect termination signals and ___ ____ of template and product
let go
polymerization mechanism between RNA and DNA are very ________. Aspartic acids coordinate ______ ions. Directionality is _______. Driven by loss of _________ and subsequent hydrolysis.
similar, 2 Mg+, 5’ to 3’, pyrophosphate
during elongation the transcription ______ moves along the template
bubble
RNA polymerases are completely processive, each RNA is synthesized from start to end by _________ polymerase
single
fidelity of __________ is not as high for replication
transcription
RNA polymerase doesn’t have a separate ________ site, it catalyzes excision in the same site
exonuclease
model for fidelity of transcription
- kinetic proofreading and induced fit
- trigger loop adajcent to incoming nuc folds in response to correct bp ________ advancement
-2’H on a dNTP inhibits folding of trigger loop, possibly by allowing a new conformation that sterically competes
-misincorporated nuc helps catalyze it’s own cleavage and can be detected by other favotrs
catalyzing
the template DNA encodes the signals to _____ and terminate transcription
initiate
a promoter is a sequence that _______ transcription
initiates
