+RNA naked virus (polio, coxsackie, echo, rhino)

Question 1

what is characteristic of the picornaviridae family of viruses?

Answer 1

they are all naked, icosahedral capsid and ss+RNA

Question 2

what viruses compose the picornaviridae family of viruses?

Answer 2

1) rhinovirus
2) poliovirus
3) coxsackie A and B
4) Echovirus
5) Hepatitis A virus

Question 3

what is very important about rhinovirus?

Answer 3

it is the most common cause of the common cold

Question 4

is there a vaccine for rhinovirus? why?

Answer 4

no, because there are 100 serotypes and they mutate very often (antigenic drift)

Question 5

what is the biology of rhinovirus?

Answer 5

naked ss+RNA

Question 6

how does rhinovirus trasmit?

Answer 6

aerosol

hand to nose transmission

Question 7

what cells does rhinovirus target in primary infection?

Answer 7

targets respiratory epithelial cells

Question 8

what cells and substances are important in order to get rid of rhinovirus?

Answer 8

interferon, CTL, and IgA

Question 9

what is the treatment for rhinovirus?

Answer 9

no treatment

Question 10

how infectious is rhinovirus?

Answer 10

highly infectious

Question 11

when a cell is infected with rhinovirus, the cells will release what? these are responsible for what?

Answer 11

histamine and bradykinin, responsable for runny nose

Question 12

what is the clinical presentation of rhinovirus?

Answer 12

sneezing,

rhinorrhea (runny nose)

clear mucus secretion

nasal obstruction

mild sore throat

couch

headache

Question 13

what are the 4 characteristics of enteroviruses?

Answer 13

1) are naked ss+RNA
2) acid stable
3) usually more common from summer to autumn
4) transmitted through fecal oral route or respiratory droplets
5) controlled by washing hands

Question 14

what are the enteroviruses?

Answer 14

1) poliovirus
2) echovirus
3) coxsackie
4) enterovirus

Question 15

what cells does enteroviruses primarily target?

Answer 15

respiratory and GI epithelial cells

Question 16

what is the enterovirus course of infection?

Answer 16

1) virion inhaled or ingested
2) virus targets resp or GI epithelial cells
3) viremia (causes flu like symptoms)
4) virus crosses blood-brain barrier causing neuro. sympt.

Question 17

what is asceptic meningitis?

Answer 17

swelling of the meninges not caused by bacteria

Question 18

how do you know asceptic meningitis is not caused by bacteria?

Answer 18

spinal tap reveals clear CSF

Question 19

how is asceptic meningitis treated?

Answer 19

no treatment, self-resolving

Question 20

what is the biology of the poliovirus?

Answer 20

naked ss+RNA

Question 21

how is poliovirus transmitted?

Answer 21

fecal-oral route

fecal contaminated water (common source)

Question 22

how is polio prevented?

Answer 22

polio vaccine

Question 23

most poliovirus infection are what?

Answer 23

asymptomatic

Question 24

what are the 3 clinical presentations of poliovirus?

Answer 24

1) asymptomatic
2) abortive poliomyelitis - is a nonspecific febrile disease
3) nonparalytic poliomyelitis, paralitic poliomyelitis, asceptic meningitis - the virus goes to the CNS

Question 25

what is the clinical presentation of paralytic poliovirus?

Answer 25

1st phase: flu-like symptoms

2nd phase: cytolytic infection of anterior horn of spinal cord and motor cortex of brain

Question 26

how does paralytic poliovirus look?

Answer 26

• asymmetric flaccid paralysis without sensory loss
• can be one limb or all four

Question 27

what does bulbar polio cause?

Answer 27

can involve muscles of pharynx, vocal cords, and respiration

Question 28

most poliovirus patients that die, are due to which polio?

Answer 28

bulbar polio

Question 29

what is post-polio syndrome?

Answer 29

deterioration of originally infected muscles

Question 30

how is the atrophy that occurs in polio?

Answer 30

it is asymmetrical

Question 31

how is poliovirus prevented?

Answer 31

using salk vaccine and sabin vaccine

Question 32

what type of vaccine is the salk vaccine? how is it taken?

Answer 32

killed, inactivated polio virus

taken as a shot

Question 33

what type of vaccine is the sabin vaccine? how is it taken?

Answer 33

live attenuated

taken orally

Question 34

what does the salk and sabin vaccine do?

Answer 34

causes a stornger or more efficient IgA response

Question 35

what does Coxsakie type A cause? how does the symptom look?

Answer 35

acute hemorrhagic conjunctivits

pain, edema, photophobia, foreign body sensation

Question 36

what is another name for coxsackie type A?

Answer 36

hand-foot-mouth disease

Question 37

what virus causes this?

Answer 37

coxsackie type A

Question 38

what is the clinical presentation of coxsackie type A?

Answer 38

First: lesion in mouth and tongue

1-2 days later: lesions appear in hands and feet

Question 39

what is very important about coxsakie type B?

Answer 39

most common cause of viral myocarditis and pericarditis in newborns

Question 40

what 3 things can coxsackie type B cause?

Answer 40

1) pleurodynia: pleuritic chest pain
2) myocarditis and pleurocarditis: unexplained and sudden heart failure
3) pancreatitis

Question 41

what is the clinical presentation of coxsackie type B?

Answer 41

fever

chest pain

arrhythmia (myocardial cell necrosis)

heart failure

Question 42

in coxsackie type B, when there is myocarditis, biopsy will reveal what?

Answer 42

lymphocytic infiltrate

Question 43

what causes this? what is this?

Answer 43

coxsackie type B, leukocyte infiltration of myocardium

Question 44

what is very important about echovirus?

Answer 44

it is the most common cause of asceptic meningitis

Question 45

how can echovirus spread?

Answer 45

transplacentally

Question 46

how can coxsackie type B be transmitted?

Answer 46

transplacentally

Question 47

how is echovirus treated?

Answer 47

no treatment, self-resolving

Question 48

what is the clinical presentation for echovirus?

Answer 48

fever

headache

vomiting

stiff neck

Question 49

how do you confirm a diagnosis of any enterovirus?

Answer 49

CSF clear with leukocytes and slightly raised protein