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Microbiology Block 1 > Anti-viral agents > Flashcards

Anti-viral agents Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what should a succesful antiviral do?

A

1) interfere with a virus-specific function
2) interefere with a cellular function to stop viral replication

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2
Q

what can viruses do that may render them immune to antiviral drugs?

A

they develop resistance because they have high mutation rate

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3
Q

what is imiquimod?

A

an antiviral drug

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4
Q

what is resiquimod?

A

antiviral drug

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5
Q

what viruses will imiquimod target?

A

1) HPV
2) molluscum contagiosum

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6
Q

what viruses will resiquimod target?

A

1) HPV
2) molluscum contagiosum

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7
Q

what is pegylated interferon-a?

A

anti-viral drug

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8
Q

what is pegylated interferon-a mode of action?

A

binds to IFN receptro and inhibits translation causing apoptosis of target

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9
Q

what viruses does pegylated interferon-a target?

A

HSV, HPV, Hep B, CMV, Hep C

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10
Q

what side effects does interferon-a have?

A

pleotropic systemic effects (fever, fatigue, headache)

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11
Q

what are the 2 types of attachment inhibitors?

A

1) neutralizing IgG antibodies
2) receptor antagonists

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12
Q

how do neutralizing IgG antibodies (a type of attachment inhibitor) work?

A

through passive immunization, IgG coats virion particles so that the VAP cannot bind to the host cell receptor

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13
Q

how do receptor antagonists work (a type of attachment inhibitor)?

A

sugar or peptide analogues of cell receptor or VAP

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14
Q

what is an example of a receptor antagonist drug?

when is it used?

what is the mode of action?

A

Maraviroc

HIV

binds to CCR5, blocking interaction with gp120

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15
Q

Give 2 examples of penetration inhibitors

A

1) tromantadine
2) enfuvirtide

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16
Q

what will tromantadine inhibit?

A

HSV penetration

17
Q

what does enfuvirtide inhibit?

A

inhibits fusion of gp41 with host cell

18
Q

give 2 examples of uncoating inhibitor drugs

A

1) amantadine
2) remantadine

19
Q

what drugs are used against influenza A?

A

uncoating inhibitors

20
Q

what will genome replication inhibitors do?

A

will prevent chain elongation or induce inactivating mutations

21
Q

genome replication inhibitor drugs will target what?

A

1) RNA polymerase
2) DNA polymerase
3) Reverse transcriptase

22
Q

what is a nucleoside RNA polymerase inhibitor?

A

a genome replication inhibitor that acts as a nucleoside analogue (has modified nucleoside bases)

23
Q

what is an example of a nucleoside RNA polymerase inhibitor?

A

Ribavarin

24
Q

what disease can ribovarin be used?

A

Hep C

RSV

25
Q

what specific target will ribovirin inhibit?

A

inosine Dehydrogenase

26
Q

what are nucleoside DNA polymerase inhibitors?

A

nucleoside analogues with modified sugar residues

27
Q

what is characteristic about nucleoside DNA polymerase inhibitors?

A

they all end with -lovir

28
Q

what is the mechanism of action of nucleoside DNA polymerase inhibitors?

A

they prevent dna chain elgongation

29
Q

what are 2 nucleoside DNA polymerase inhibitors?

A

1) acyclovir
2) ganciclovir

30
Q

what causes the elongation inhibition when using acyclovir?

A

it is missing -OH on the sugar

31
Q

what viruses are treated with acyclovir?

A

HSV 1/2

VZV

32
Q

why will acyclovir not work with CMV?

A

CMV does not have thymidine kinase

33
Q

why is ganciclovir used lightly?

A

it is toxic

used only for immunocompromised patients

34
Q

what is characteristic about nucleoside transcriptase inhibitors?

A

they all end with -FOVIR or -UDINE

35
Q

what is the mechanism of action of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

A

they prevent DNA chain elongation

36
Q

what are 5 examples of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

A

1) Tenofovir
2) Adefovir
3) Zidovudine
4) Lamivudine
5) Abacavir

37
Q

when is tenofovir used?

A

HIV

HBV

38
Q

when is adefovir used?

A

HIV

HBV

Microbiology Block 1 (16 decks)

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