DNA enveloped viruses Flashcards
the herpes virus family is what type of nucleic acid?
double stranded DNA
what 3 characteristics determine the herpes family biology?
1) dsDNA
2) Icosahedral capsid
3) enveloped
all herpes viruses encode this protein first in order to replicate.
reverse transcriptase
what kind of infections does herpes viruses (all) cause?
lytic, persistent and latent infections
what are the two ways the herpes virus family replicates during infection?
1) actively
2) latent
in an active infection, what causes the symptoms?
cell lysis and cell mediated immunity
what cell mediated immune response cell will lead to symptoms seen in active infection?
natural killer cells
active infection will cause what cellular changes in the infected cell?
syncytia and inclusion body formation
What herpes family viruses (3) will remain latent in neurons?
herpes simplex virus 1
herpes simplex virus 2
varicella
what herpes family viruses will remain latent in hematopoietic stem cells?
cytomegalovirus
human herpes virus 6
what 2 herpes family viruses will remain latent in B cells?
1) epstein-bar virus
2) kaposi sarcoma
against what herpes family viruses do we have an inherent immunity? (antibodies against)
human herpes virus 6 and human herpes virus 7
how is herpes simple virus 1 spread?
through direct contact of fluid
mixing and matching of mucous membranes
how does varicella spread?
aerosol and direct contact with fluid
how does CMV spread?
aerosol
sexual contact
parental transmission
what is the biology of the herpes simplex virus?
it is an enveloped double stranded DNA virus
what protein does herpes simplex virus always have?
DNA polymerase
what cells will herpes simplex virus 1 target to remain latent?
trigeminal ganglia
what cells will herpes simplex virus 2 target?
sacral ganglia
what clinical presentation must be present to diagnose herpes simplex virus 1?
fever
painful vesicular lesions (cold sores)
herpetic keratitis
herpetic whitlow
herpetic gladiatorum
how is the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus confirmed?
histological finding- cowdry type A intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion
syncytia
how do you treat herpes simplex virus?
acyclovir
what is the primary receptor and on what cell for the herpes simplex virus 1?
heparin is the receptor on mucosa-epithelial cells
what is the secondary effect of herpes simplex virus 1?
virus replicates in trigeminal nerve
what cell does herpes simplex virus 2 attack during the active infection?
epithelial cells
where does herpes simplex virus 2 remain latent?
sacral ganglion
what triggers recurrent infection of herpes simplex 1 and 2?
reduced immunity
what two components of immunity will help maintain herpes simplex 1 and 2 latent?
INF-alpha
Th 1 cells
what 3 immune cells help control herpes simplex virus during the active infection?
NK cells
Th 1 cells
CTL’s
what will reduce the flare up of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2?
memory CTL’s
what type of herpes will cause this? what is this called?
herpes simplex virus 1
herpetic vesicular lesion
what is herpes labialis?
its a cold sore in the mouth or lips that presents without fever
what virus causes herpes pharyingitis?
herpes simplex
what is a rare complication of herpes simplex?
herpes meningo-encephalitis