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Microbiology Block 1 > +RNA Hepatitis (Hep A, Hep E, Hep C) > Flashcards

+RNA Hepatitis (Hep A, Hep E, Hep C) Flashcards

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1
Q

are symptoms distinguishible for all hepatitis?

A

no, they are all almost the same

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2
Q

what are some of the symptoms that are indicative of Hepatitis?

A

fever

jaundice (icterus)

hepatomegaly

GI dysfunction (anorexia, nausea, vomiting)

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3
Q

what lab studies can be indicative of hepatitis?

A

ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aminotransferase)

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4
Q

what cases of hepatitis resolves by itself?

A

hepatitis A

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5
Q

Chronic infection with HBV and HCV leads to what?

A

fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

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6
Q

what is another name for Fulminant Hepatitis?

A

acute liver failure

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7
Q

what is Fulminant Hepatitis?

what is the treatment?

A

rare fatal rapid deterioration of liver associated with toxic encephalopathy

liver transplantation

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8
Q

what lab techniques should be ordered in all cases of hepatitis?

A

viral serology panel and PCR

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9
Q

a viral serology panel for hepatitis A showing Anti-HAV IgM antibodies is indicative of what?

and if we see Anti-HAV IgG

A

current or first infection with hep A

recurrent infection with hep A

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10
Q

what is viral hepatitis?

A

Is an inflammatory disease of the liver that is caused by one or more of hepatitis viruses.

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11
Q

all hepatitis viruses are known as what?

A

Hepatotropic viruses

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12
Q

all hepatitis virus are what kind nucleic acid?

who is the exception?

A

hepatitis A, C, D, E are RNA viruses

hepatitis B is the only DNA virus

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13
Q

all hepatitis viruses are capable of causing what symptom? it may lead to progression to what?

A

acute hepatitis that may progress to chronic hepatitis

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14
Q

what is the clinical presentation of acute viral hepatitis?

A

Jaundice**

Dark urine**

Fever**

anorexia

Markedly Elevated liver enzymes (ALT>AST)

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15
Q

how long does acute viral hepatitis symptoms lasts?

A

6 months

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16
Q

what causes the release of AST and ALT into the blood? (leading to higher levels)

A

hepatocyte necrosis

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17
Q

what hepatitis viruses cause chronic viral hepatitis?

A

hepatitis B, C, D

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18
Q

what is the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis?

A

hepatitis C

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19
Q

chronic viral hepatitis has an increased risk of leading to what?

A

cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

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20
Q

hepatitis from alcohol or drugs will have no association with what symptom?

A

no fever

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21
Q

hepatitis from gallstones will present with what?

A

high bilirubin and low AST and ALT

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22
Q

how do you differantiate between viral hepatitis from hepatitis caused by other viruses?

A

hepatitis viruses do not cause systemic symptoms

23
Q

acute hepatitis is caused by naked or enveloped hepatitis viruses?

A

naked hepatitis A and E

24
Q

chronic viral hepatitis is caused by naked or enveloped?

A

enveloped B,C,D

25
Q

how is hepatitis B,C and D trasmitted?

A

through direct contact with blood

26
Q

how is hepatitis A and E transmitted?

A

fecal-oral or food

27
Q

hepatitis A virus belongs to what virus family?

A

picorna virus

28
Q

what is hep A’s biology?

A

naked single stranded +RNA

29
Q

how many serotypes does hep A have?

A

1

30
Q

how is hep A transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

31
Q

what is the most common way to acquire hepatitis A?

A

consuming shellfish

32
Q

if you are exposed to hepatitis A and acquire immunity, how long does that immunity last?

A

lifetime

33
Q

what gives a definitive diagnosis of Hep A?

A

Hepatitis A IgM

34
Q

what gives confirmation that a person is immune to hepatitis A?

A

IgG

35
Q

how is hepaititis A treated?

A

not treated, do not give anti-virals

36
Q

what prevention exists against hepatitis A? who is given this prevention?

A

inactivated virus vaccine for older that 1 y/o

37
Q

how is hepatitis E transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

38
Q

what is the most common way to acquire hepatitis E?

A

drinking contaminated water

39
Q

where does hep. E replicate?

A

liver

40
Q

what type of hepatitis does hep E cause?

A

mild acute hepatitis

41
Q

hepatitis E infection in pregnant women is associated with what?

A

fulminant hepatitis

42
Q

how is hepatitis E diagnosis confirmed?

A

antibodies against hepatitis E

ELISA

43
Q

what ages are usually affected with hepatitis E?

A

all ages especially pregnant women

44
Q

what ages are usually affected with hepatitis A?

A

young adults

45
Q

what family does hepatitis C belong to?

A

flavi virus

46
Q

what is the biology of hepatitis C?

A

enveloped single stranded +RNA

47
Q

how is hepatitis C transmitted?

A

blood exposure (intravenous drug use, transplant and transfussions)

48
Q

what is important about hepatitis C?

A

it is the most common cause of blood-born infections in US

49
Q

what exacerbates the disease progression of hepatitis C?

A

alcohol

50
Q

what can hepatitis C trigger?

A

cirrhosis

51
Q

how do you diagnose hepatitis C?

A

anti-IgG hepatitis C virus

genotyping

qRT-PCR

52
Q

what is used to monitor the antiviral therapy (interferon + ribavarin)?

A

hep C-RNA qRT-PCR

53
Q

what hepatitis C genotypes have the worst prognosis?

A

genotypes 1 and 4

54
Q

how is hepatitis C treated?

A

ribavarin and interferon

Microbiology Block 1 (16 decks)

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