+RNA Hepatitis (Hep A, Hep E, Hep C) Flashcards
are symptoms distinguishible for all hepatitis?
no, they are all almost the same
what are some of the symptoms that are indicative of Hepatitis?
fever
jaundice (icterus)
hepatomegaly
GI dysfunction (anorexia, nausea, vomiting)
what lab studies can be indicative of hepatitis?
ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aminotransferase)
what cases of hepatitis resolves by itself?
hepatitis A
Chronic infection with HBV and HCV leads to what?
fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
what is another name for Fulminant Hepatitis?
acute liver failure
what is Fulminant Hepatitis?
what is the treatment?
rare fatal rapid deterioration of liver associated with toxic encephalopathy
liver transplantation
what lab techniques should be ordered in all cases of hepatitis?
viral serology panel and PCR
a viral serology panel for hepatitis A showing Anti-HAV IgM antibodies is indicative of what?
and if we see Anti-HAV IgG
current or first infection with hep A
recurrent infection with hep A
what is viral hepatitis?
Is an inflammatory disease of the liver that is caused by one or more of hepatitis viruses.
all hepatitis viruses are known as what?
Hepatotropic viruses
all hepatitis virus are what kind nucleic acid?
who is the exception?
hepatitis A, C, D, E are RNA viruses
hepatitis B is the only DNA virus
all hepatitis viruses are capable of causing what symptom? it may lead to progression to what?
acute hepatitis that may progress to chronic hepatitis
what is the clinical presentation of acute viral hepatitis?
Jaundice**
Dark urine**
Fever**
anorexia
Markedly Elevated liver enzymes (ALT>AST)
how long does acute viral hepatitis symptoms lasts?
6 months
what causes the release of AST and ALT into the blood? (leading to higher levels)
hepatocyte necrosis
what hepatitis viruses cause chronic viral hepatitis?
hepatitis B, C, D
what is the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis?
hepatitis C
chronic viral hepatitis has an increased risk of leading to what?
cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatitis from alcohol or drugs will have no association with what symptom?
no fever
hepatitis from gallstones will present with what?
high bilirubin and low AST and ALT
how do you differantiate between viral hepatitis from hepatitis caused by other viruses?
hepatitis viruses do not cause systemic symptoms
acute hepatitis is caused by naked or enveloped hepatitis viruses?
naked hepatitis A and E
chronic viral hepatitis is caused by naked or enveloped?
enveloped B,C,D
how is hepatitis B,C and D trasmitted?
through direct contact with blood
how is hepatitis A and E transmitted?
fecal-oral or food
hepatitis A virus belongs to what virus family?
picorna virus
what is hep A’s biology?
naked single stranded +RNA
how many serotypes does hep A have?
1
how is hep A transmitted?
fecal-oral
what is the most common way to acquire hepatitis A?
consuming shellfish
if you are exposed to hepatitis A and acquire immunity, how long does that immunity last?
lifetime
what gives a definitive diagnosis of Hep A?
Hepatitis A IgM
what gives confirmation that a person is immune to hepatitis A?
IgG
how is hepaititis A treated?
not treated, do not give anti-virals
what prevention exists against hepatitis A? who is given this prevention?
inactivated virus vaccine for older that 1 y/o
how is hepatitis E transmitted?
fecal-oral
what is the most common way to acquire hepatitis E?
drinking contaminated water
where does hep. E replicate?
liver
what type of hepatitis does hep E cause?
mild acute hepatitis
hepatitis E infection in pregnant women is associated with what?
fulminant hepatitis
how is hepatitis E diagnosis confirmed?
antibodies against hepatitis E
ELISA
what ages are usually affected with hepatitis E?
all ages especially pregnant women
what ages are usually affected with hepatitis A?
young adults
what family does hepatitis C belong to?
flavi virus
what is the biology of hepatitis C?
enveloped single stranded +RNA
how is hepatitis C transmitted?
blood exposure (intravenous drug use, transplant and transfussions)
what is important about hepatitis C?
it is the most common cause of blood-born infections in US
what exacerbates the disease progression of hepatitis C?
alcohol
what can hepatitis C trigger?
cirrhosis
how do you diagnose hepatitis C?
anti-IgG hepatitis C virus
genotyping
qRT-PCR
what is used to monitor the antiviral therapy (interferon + ribavarin)?
hep C-RNA qRT-PCR
what hepatitis C genotypes have the worst prognosis?
genotypes 1 and 4
how is hepatitis C treated?
ribavarin and interferon
