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Key Topic 2: Opposition To British Rule > Rise Of Nationalism: Gandhi > Flashcards

Rise Of Nationalism: Gandhi Flashcards

1
Q

When did Gandhi influence emerge?

A

1919

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2
Q

What was the impact of Gandhi’s influence?

A

Inject the movement of Indian nationalism into life through extending its appeal across a diverse society and bringing together many different demands

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3
Q

How long did Gandhi spend in South Africa?

A

20 years from 1893

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4
Q

Where did Gandhi spend 20 years of his life beginning in 1893?

A

South Africa

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5
Q

What did Gandhi do in South Africa?

A

Campaigned against racism and segregation

Championed the civil rights of Indians who settled in the area, challenging British and then Afrikaners

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6
Q

When did Gandhi return to India?

A

1915

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7
Q

What happened in 1915?

A

Gandhi

returned to India

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8
Q

What did Gandhi become the leader of in 1920?

A

Indian National Congress

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9
Q

When did Gandhi become the leader of the Indian national congress?

A

1920

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10
Q

What did Gandhi wear?

A

Traditional Indian dress

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11
Q

Why did Gandhi wear a traditional Indian dress?

A

Commitment to the Indian culture

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12
Q

What did Gandhi do between 1917-18?

A

Championed the downtrodden indigo workers of the state of Bihar and mediated in a textile industry dispute in Ahmedabad
Dispute over land taxes in Gujarat

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13
Q

What was the event that caused the full independence to begin?

A

1919 April: Amritsar massacre

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14
Q

What was the impact of the April 1919 Amritsar massacre?

A

the event that caused the full independence to begin

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15
Q

What event did Gandhi help organise in 1920?

A

Non Co-operation movement

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16
Q

When was the Non Co-operation movement that Gandhi helped organised?

A

1920

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17
Q

What event did Gandhi help organise in 1930-31 and 1932-34?

A

Civil disobedience Movement

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18
Q

When was the Civil Disobedience movement that Gandhi helped organised?

A

1930-31

1932-34

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19
Q

What event did Gandhi help organise in 1942?

A

Quit India movement

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20
Q

When was the Quit India movement that Gandhi helped organised?

A

1942

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21
Q

What did Gandhi say about his goals?

A

Vague

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22
Q

How many years was Gandhi imprisoned for during World War 2?

A

2 years

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23
Q

During what period was Gandhi imprisoned for 2 years?

A

During World War 2

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24
Q

What did Gandhi strongly oppose?

A

Partition of India

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25
Q

What was the impact of Gandhi not supporting the partition of India?

A

Offended some Hindu and Muslim nationalists who felt his attitude was too moderate and idealistic

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26
Q

What happened on January 1948?

A

Gandhi was assassinated

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27
Q

When was Gandhi assassinated?

A

January 1948

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28
Q

What did Gandhi’s executioner accuse him of?

A

Showing bias for Muslims

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29
Q

What did Gandhi do between September to October in 1924?

A

Fasted for three weeks to promote

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30
Q

When did Gandhi fast for three weeks?

A

September to October in 1924

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31
Q

Why did Gandhi fast for three weeks during September to October in 1924?

A

Promote Hindu-Muslim unity

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32
Q

What did Gandhi do in September 1947?

A

Fast in order to promote Hindu-Muslim unity

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33
Q

When was the second time that Gandhi fasted in order to promote Hindu-Muslim unity?

A

September 1947

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34
Q

When did national mourning occur?

A

Gandhi’s assassination

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35
Q

When was the third Hindu-Muslim fast?

A

January 1948

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36
Q

What happened in January 1948?

A

Third Hindu Muslim fast

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37
Q

What principle did Ghandi believe in 1909?

A

‘Hind Swaraj’ and this remained true throughout his life

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38
Q

When was ‘Hind Swaraj’ published?

A

1909

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39
Q

What happened to ‘Hind Swaraj’ in 1910?

A

Banned by the British government

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40
Q

When was ‘Hind Swaraj’ banned by the British government?

A

1910

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41
Q

What book was banned by the British government in 1910?

A

‘Hind Swaraj’

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42
Q

What was the peaceful resistance that Gandhi favoured, inspired by?

A

Strong Hindu religious convictions

43
Q

What did Gandhi’s Hindu religious convictions mean?

A

Preferred peaceful resistance to the British based on the principles of Satyagraha

44
Q

What was Satyagraha?

A 
Rejecting violence to combat evil 
Rely upon peaceful protests 
Win by appealing to the moral conscience and compassion of the opponents 
Actions include: 
Strikes (hartals)
Protests (swadeshi)
Peaceful disobedience of unjust laws 
Minimise aggression on both sides 
Involves mass mobilisation of people
45
Q

What actions were included in Satyagraha?

A 
Strikes (hartals)
Protests (swadeshi)
Peaceful disobedience of unjust laws 
Minimise aggression on both sides 
Involves mass mobilisation of people
46
Q

How did Gandhi want to cement the Hindus and Muslims?

A

Equal rights for both religions in an independent India

47
Q

What type of division did Gandhi reject?

A

Divisions amongst Hindus based on the caste system

48
Q

What type of discrimination did Gandhi argue against?

A

Discrimination against the ‘untouchables’

49
Q

What did Gandhi want the independent India to be built upon?

A

Spiritual and social traditions

Remain agricultural and reject industrialisation

50
Q

What did Gandhi do on the whole?

A

Reconciled western ideas of democracy with the notion of distinctive Indian culture and national identity, based on principles of Hinduism, religious tolerance and a vision of a traditional rural India.
Benefits of western civilisation without the endangering the character of Indian values and society

51
Q

How did Gandhi’s methods hurt the British?

A

Difficult for the British to respond as they saw themselves as liberal, peaceful, democratic and fair minded people committed to the well-being of the people they ruled.
Hurt economic interests
British were forced to use repressive methods which was a huge embarrassment internationally as it showed there rule was not kind

52
Q

What did he do in 1917?

A

Used non-violent protests to help peasants who were forced to grow the cash crop ‘Indigo’

53
Q

When did Gandhi use non-violent protests to help peasants who were forced to grow the cash crop ‘Indigo’?

A

1917

54
Q

What did Gandhi do in 1918?

A

Kheda faced floods and famine and the peasants wanted tax relief. Ghandi used a tactic known as non-co-operation to win concessions (alllowance) from the British after 5 months

55
Q

Kheda faced floods and famine and the peasants wanted tax relief. When did Ghandi use a tactic known as non-co-operation to win concessions (alllowance) from the British after 5 months?

A

1918

56
Q

In 1918, what area did Gandhi use a tactic known as non-co-operation to win concessions (alllowance) from the British after 5 months because they faced floods and famine and the peasants wanted tax relief. ?

A

Kheda

57
Q

When was Gandhi arrested?

A

April 1919

58
Q

What happened in April 1919?

A

Gandhi was arrested

59
Q

How did Gandhi use his position as the Indian national congress?

A

Used the platform to extend the peaceful protests

Encouraging all Indians to boycott British products (especially cloth) and British law courts

60
Q

What happened in March 1922?

A

Gandhi was imprisoned for 6 years

61
Q

When was Gandhi imprisoned for 6 years?

A

March 1922

62
Q

What happened in February 1924?

A

Gandhi was released from prison

63
Q

When was Gandhi released from prison?

A

February 1924

64
Q

What did Gandhi say in February 1919?

A

That if the British passed the Rowlatt Act then he would lead a campaign of civil disobedience

65
Q

When did Gandhi say that if the British passed the Rowlatt Act then he would lead a campaign of civil disobedience?

A

February 1919

66
Q

What happened after the Rowlatt Act was passed?

A

Civil disobedience followed
British opened fire on a group of unarmed civilians in Delhi
Indians responded with riots but Gandhi told them to carry on with peaceful protests

67
Q

When was the British salt tax?

A

March 1930

68
Q

What happened in March 1930?

A

British salt tax

69
Q

What was the February 1919 Rowlatt Acts?

A

Allowed some political cases to be tried without juries and imprisonment of suspects without trial

70
Q

What act allowed some political cases to be tried without juries and imprisonment of suspects without trial?

A

February 1919 Rowlatt Acts

71
Q

What was the March 1930 British Salt Tax

A

24 day march against the British salt monopoly and salt tax (prohibit Indians from collecting or selling salt, a staple in their diet)

72
Q

When did Gandhi launch a march against the British salt tax?

A

March 1930

73
Q

What happened in March 1930?

A

Gandhi launched a march against the British salt tax

74
Q

How many kilometres did Gandhi walk in the campaign against the British Salt in March 1930?

A

388km to the sea

75
Q

When did Gandhi walk 388km?

A

March 1930 to the sea in order to make salt himself

76
Q

What happened whilst Gandhi was doing his march against the British salt tax in March 1930?

A

Thousands joined him on the march

77
Q

How did the British respond to the March 1930 British salt tax campaign?

A

Arrested 60,000 people

78
Q

Why did the British arrest 60,000 people?

A

Because of the March 1930 Salt march

79
Q

How many days did the March 1930 Salt march last?

A

24 days

80
Q

When was the Gandhi-Irwin pact?

A

March 1931

81
Q

What happened in March 1931?

A

Gandhi-Irwin pact

82
Q

What happened in the March 1931 Gandhi-Irwin pact?

A

Saw release of all political prisoners, removal of salt tax and restoring confiscated land to the satyagrahis in return for the end of civil disobedience

83
Q

What pact saw release of all political prisoners, removal of salt tax and restoring confiscated land to the satyagrahis in return for the end of civil disobedience?

A

March 1931 Gandhi-Irwin pact

84
Q

What happened on the 7th of August 1942?

A

Quit India Campaign began

85
Q

When did the Quit India Campaign begin?

A

7th of August 1942

86
Q

What happened on the 9th of August 1942?

A

Gandhi was arrested as a result of the Quit India movement

87
Q

When was Gandhi was arrested as a result of the Quit India movement?

A

9th of August 1942

88
Q

What was the August 1942, Quit India campaign?

A

Gandhi claimed that Indians shouldn’t cooperate with the British in WW2, because they couldn’t fight for democracy, when they didn’t have it themselves

89
Q

During what event did Gandhi claim that Indians shouldn’t cooperate with the British in WW2, because they couldn’t fight for democracy, when they didn’t have it themselves

A

August 1942 Quit India movement

90
Q

When did Gandhi make the Quit India speech?

A

8th of August 1942 (Eve of the Quit India movement)

91
Q

What happened on the 8th of August 1942?

A

Gandhi made the Quit India speech

92
Q

What did Gandhi say in the Quit India speech on the 8th of August 1942?

A

Called for determined but passive resistance best described by his call to do or die

93
Q

When did Gandhi call for determined but passive resistance best described by his call to do or die?

A

Quit India speech on the 8th of August 1942

94
Q

What was put in place in 1882?

A

Salt Act

95
Q

When was the salt Act?

A

1882

96
Q

What was the impact of the 1882 Salt Act?

A

Gave the British total control over the harvesting of Salt in India

97
Q

What happened after WW2?

A

Hindus and Muslims fought for power and rejected the British offer of dominion status

98
Q

How many died during the conflict that had led to partition?

A

400,000

99
Q

How was the Quit India movement crushed by?

A 
British were supported by:
All Indian Muslim League 
Princely States
Many businessmen 
The imporisioned all of the Indian national congress members until 1945
100
Q

During the 2nd Satyagraha, how many lawyers gave up their practice?

A

200

101
Q

During what period did 200 lawyers give up their practice

A

2nd Satyagraha

102
Q

During the 2nd Satyagraha, what fraction of the electorate voted?

A

1/3

103
Q

During what period did only 1/3 of the electorate vote

A

2nd Satyagraha

104
Q

By 1922, how many congress members were in prison?

A

30,000

Key Topic 2: Opposition To British Rule (19 decks)

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