Rise Of Nationalism: Gandhi Flashcards
When did Gandhi influence emerge?
1919
What was the impact of Gandhi’s influence?
Inject the movement of Indian nationalism into life through extending its appeal across a diverse society and bringing together many different demands
How long did Gandhi spend in South Africa?
20 years from 1893
Where did Gandhi spend 20 years of his life beginning in 1893?
South Africa
What did Gandhi do in South Africa?
Campaigned against racism and segregation
Championed the civil rights of Indians who settled in the area, challenging British and then Afrikaners
When did Gandhi return to India?
1915
What happened in 1915?
Gandhi
returned to India
What did Gandhi become the leader of in 1920?
Indian National Congress
When did Gandhi become the leader of the Indian national congress?
1920
What did Gandhi wear?
Traditional Indian dress
Why did Gandhi wear a traditional Indian dress?
Commitment to the Indian culture
What did Gandhi do between 1917-18?
Championed the downtrodden indigo workers of the state of Bihar and mediated in a textile industry dispute in Ahmedabad
Dispute over land taxes in Gujarat
What was the event that caused the full independence to begin?
1919 April: Amritsar massacre
What was the impact of the April 1919 Amritsar massacre?
the event that caused the full independence to begin
What event did Gandhi help organise in 1920?
Non Co-operation movement
When was the Non Co-operation movement that Gandhi helped organised?
1920
What event did Gandhi help organise in 1930-31 and 1932-34?
Civil disobedience Movement
When was the Civil Disobedience movement that Gandhi helped organised?
1930-31
1932-34
What event did Gandhi help organise in 1942?
Quit India movement
When was the Quit India movement that Gandhi helped organised?
1942
What did Gandhi say about his goals?
Vague
How many years was Gandhi imprisoned for during World War 2?
2 years
During what period was Gandhi imprisoned for 2 years?
During World War 2
What did Gandhi strongly oppose?
Partition of India
What was the impact of Gandhi not supporting the partition of India?
Offended some Hindu and Muslim nationalists who felt his attitude was too moderate and idealistic
What happened on January 1948?
Gandhi was assassinated
When was Gandhi assassinated?
January 1948
What did Gandhi’s executioner accuse him of?
Showing bias for Muslims
What did Gandhi do between September to October in 1924?
Fasted for three weeks to promote
When did Gandhi fast for three weeks?
September to October in 1924
Why did Gandhi fast for three weeks during September to October in 1924?
Promote Hindu-Muslim unity
What did Gandhi do in September 1947?
Fast in order to promote Hindu-Muslim unity
When was the second time that Gandhi fasted in order to promote Hindu-Muslim unity?
September 1947
When did national mourning occur?
Gandhi’s assassination
When was the third Hindu-Muslim fast?
January 1948
What happened in January 1948?
Third Hindu Muslim fast
What principle did Ghandi believe in 1909?
‘Hind Swaraj’ and this remained true throughout his life
When was ‘Hind Swaraj’ published?
1909
What happened to ‘Hind Swaraj’ in 1910?
Banned by the British government
When was ‘Hind Swaraj’ banned by the British government?
1910
What book was banned by the British government in 1910?
‘Hind Swaraj’
What was the peaceful resistance that Gandhi favoured, inspired by?
Strong Hindu religious convictions
What did Gandhi’s Hindu religious convictions mean?
Preferred peaceful resistance to the British based on the principles of Satyagraha
What was Satyagraha?
Rejecting violence to combat evil Rely upon peaceful protests Win by appealing to the moral conscience and compassion of the opponents Actions include: Strikes (hartals) Protests (swadeshi) Peaceful disobedience of unjust laws Minimise aggression on both sides Involves mass mobilisation of people
What actions were included in Satyagraha?
Strikes (hartals) Protests (swadeshi) Peaceful disobedience of unjust laws Minimise aggression on both sides Involves mass mobilisation of people
How did Gandhi want to cement the Hindus and Muslims?
Equal rights for both religions in an independent India
What type of division did Gandhi reject?
Divisions amongst Hindus based on the caste system
What type of discrimination did Gandhi argue against?
Discrimination against the ‘untouchables’
What did Gandhi want the independent India to be built upon?
Spiritual and social traditions
Remain agricultural and reject industrialisation
What did Gandhi do on the whole?
Reconciled western ideas of democracy with the notion of distinctive Indian culture and national identity, based on principles of Hinduism, religious tolerance and a vision of a traditional rural India.
Benefits of western civilisation without the endangering the character of Indian values and society
How did Gandhi’s methods hurt the British?
Difficult for the British to respond as they saw themselves as liberal, peaceful, democratic and fair minded people committed to the well-being of the people they ruled.
Hurt economic interests
British were forced to use repressive methods which was a huge embarrassment internationally as it showed there rule was not kind
What did he do in 1917?
Used non-violent protests to help peasants who were forced to grow the cash crop ‘Indigo’
When did Gandhi use non-violent protests to help peasants who were forced to grow the cash crop ‘Indigo’?
1917
What did Gandhi do in 1918?
Kheda faced floods and famine and the peasants wanted tax relief. Ghandi used a tactic known as non-co-operation to win concessions (alllowance) from the British after 5 months
Kheda faced floods and famine and the peasants wanted tax relief. When did Ghandi use a tactic known as non-co-operation to win concessions (alllowance) from the British after 5 months?
1918
In 1918, what area did Gandhi use a tactic known as non-co-operation to win concessions (alllowance) from the British after 5 months because they faced floods and famine and the peasants wanted tax relief. ?
Kheda
When was Gandhi arrested?
April 1919
What happened in April 1919?
Gandhi was arrested
How did Gandhi use his position as the Indian national congress?
Used the platform to extend the peaceful protests
Encouraging all Indians to boycott British products (especially cloth) and British law courts
What happened in March 1922?
Gandhi was imprisoned for 6 years
When was Gandhi imprisoned for 6 years?
March 1922
What happened in February 1924?
Gandhi was released from prison
When was Gandhi released from prison?
February 1924
What did Gandhi say in February 1919?
That if the British passed the Rowlatt Act then he would lead a campaign of civil disobedience
When did Gandhi say that if the British passed the Rowlatt Act then he would lead a campaign of civil disobedience?
February 1919
What happened after the Rowlatt Act was passed?
Civil disobedience followed
British opened fire on a group of unarmed civilians in Delhi
Indians responded with riots but Gandhi told them to carry on with peaceful protests
When was the British salt tax?
March 1930
What happened in March 1930?
British salt tax
What was the February 1919 Rowlatt Acts?
Allowed some political cases to be tried without juries and imprisonment of suspects without trial
What act allowed some political cases to be tried without juries and imprisonment of suspects without trial?
February 1919 Rowlatt Acts
What was the March 1930 British Salt Tax
24 day march against the British salt monopoly and salt tax (prohibit Indians from collecting or selling salt, a staple in their diet)
When did Gandhi launch a march against the British salt tax?
March 1930
What happened in March 1930?
Gandhi launched a march against the British salt tax
How many kilometres did Gandhi walk in the campaign against the British Salt in March 1930?
388km to the sea
When did Gandhi walk 388km?
March 1930 to the sea in order to make salt himself
What happened whilst Gandhi was doing his march against the British salt tax in March 1930?
Thousands joined him on the march
How did the British respond to the March 1930 British salt tax campaign?
Arrested 60,000 people
Why did the British arrest 60,000 people?
Because of the March 1930 Salt march
How many days did the March 1930 Salt march last?
24 days
When was the Gandhi-Irwin pact?
March 1931
What happened in March 1931?
Gandhi-Irwin pact
What happened in the March 1931 Gandhi-Irwin pact?
Saw release of all political prisoners, removal of salt tax and restoring confiscated land to the satyagrahis in return for the end of civil disobedience
What pact saw release of all political prisoners, removal of salt tax and restoring confiscated land to the satyagrahis in return for the end of civil disobedience?
March 1931 Gandhi-Irwin pact
What happened on the 7th of August 1942?
Quit India Campaign began
When did the Quit India Campaign begin?
7th of August 1942
What happened on the 9th of August 1942?
Gandhi was arrested as a result of the Quit India movement
When was Gandhi was arrested as a result of the Quit India movement?
9th of August 1942
What was the August 1942, Quit India campaign?
Gandhi claimed that Indians shouldn’t cooperate with the British in WW2, because they couldn’t fight for democracy, when they didn’t have it themselves
During what event did Gandhi claim that Indians shouldn’t cooperate with the British in WW2, because they couldn’t fight for democracy, when they didn’t have it themselves
August 1942 Quit India movement
When did Gandhi make the Quit India speech?
8th of August 1942 (Eve of the Quit India movement)
What happened on the 8th of August 1942?
Gandhi made the Quit India speech
What did Gandhi say in the Quit India speech on the 8th of August 1942?
Called for determined but passive resistance best described by his call to do or die
When did Gandhi call for determined but passive resistance best described by his call to do or die?
Quit India speech on the 8th of August 1942
What was put in place in 1882?
Salt Act
When was the salt Act?
1882
What was the impact of the 1882 Salt Act?
Gave the British total control over the harvesting of Salt in India
What happened after WW2?
Hindus and Muslims fought for power and rejected the British offer of dominion status
How many died during the conflict that had led to partition?
400,000
How was the Quit India movement crushed by?
British were supported by: All Indian Muslim League Princely States Many businessmen The imporisioned all of the Indian national congress members until 1945
During the 2nd Satyagraha, how many lawyers gave up their practice?
200
During what period did 200 lawyers give up their practice
2nd Satyagraha
During the 2nd Satyagraha, what fraction of the electorate voted?
1/3
During what period did only 1/3 of the electorate vote
2nd Satyagraha
By 1922, how many congress members were in prison?
30,000
