Reason For Development: India Flashcards
Where were there anti-British outburst?
Bengal and Punjab
Who encouraged uprisings?
Indian population in USA, Canada, Germany headed by Ghadar party encouraged uprisings
Who helped the Ghadar Party?
Irish Republicans
Germans
Turkish
What happened in February 1915?
Ghadar conspiracy
When was the Ghadar Conspiracy?
February 1915
What was the 1915 Ghadar Conspiracy?
Plan for mutinies in the British Indian army
When was the Singapore mutiny?
February 1915
What mutiny happened in February 1915?
Singapore Mutiny
How long was the February 1915 Singapore Mutiny?
7 days
What mutiny lasted 7 days?
February 1915: Singapore mutiny
What failed to satisfy the nationalists demands?
1919 Government of India act
What did the 1919 government of India act fail to do?
Satisfy the nationalists demands for independence, as they were still given less than important roles
What caused the recommendations of the 1919 Rowlatt Acts?
Fear of uprisings as the 1919 Government of India Act did not satisfy the nationalists demands.
What did the 1919 Rowlatt Acts mean?
Allowed for political cases to be tried without juries and provided for imprisonments without trial
What allowed for political cases to be tried without juries and provided for imprisonments without trial?
1919 Rowlatt Acts
As a result of the Rowlatt Acts, where was tension particularly present?
Punjab region
What happened in April 1919?
Amritsar Massacre
When was the Amritsar massacre?
April 1919
What happened in the April 1919 Amritsar massacre?
British army troops, commanded by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, fired upon crowds. They contained Indians, who were protesting against the arrest of two nationalist leaders and Sikh pilgrims. They had gathered in the public gardens of Jallianwallah Bagh near the sacred site of the Golden Temple in order to celebrate the Sikh New year
Where did the April 1919 Amritsar massacre happen?
Punjab
What massacre happened in Punjab in April 1919?
Amritsar massacre/ Jallianwallah Bagh
Who led the British army troops in the April 1919 Amritsar massacre?
Brigadier General Reginald Dyer
In the April 1919 Amritsar massacre, how many did the British claim were killed?
379
In the April 1919 Amritsar massacre, who claimed that 379 were killed?
British
In the April 1919 Amritsar massacre, how many people did the British claim were wounded?
1,200
In the April 1919 Amritsar massacre, who claimed that 1,200 were wounded?
British
In the April 1919 Amritsar massacre, how many deaths did the Indian National Congress claim?
1,000
In the April 1919 Amritsar massacre, who claimed 1,000 deaths?
Indian National Congress
In the April 1919 Amritsar massacre, who said that there were 1,500 wounded?
Indian National Congress
In the April 1919 Amritsar massacre, how many did the Indian National Congress claim that were wounded?
1,500
What did the April 1919 Amritsar massacre lead to?
Gandhi’s Non-Co-Operation Movement of 1920-22
What happened on February 1922?
Chauri Chaura incident
When was the Chauri Chaura incident?
February 1922
Where was did the February 1922 Chauri Chaura incident?
Gorakhpur district of the United province
What happened in the Gorakhpur district of the United province in February 1922?
Chauri Chaura incident
What was the February 1922 Chauri Chaura incident?
In Gorakhpur district of the united province, Violence erupted among a large amount of protestors participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement and the police opened fire. The demonstrators attacked and set fire to a police station.
In what situation did Violence erupt among a large amount of protestors participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement and the police opened fire, so the demonstrators attacked and set fire to a police station?
February 1922 Chauri Chaura
How many people were killed as a result of the February 1922 Chauri Chaura?
3 civilians
23 police men
In what incident were 3 civilians and 23 policemen killed?
February 1922 Chauri Chaura
What did the Indian national congress do as a result of the February 1922 Chauri Chaura incident?
Called For an end to the Non-Cooperation Movement on the national level
Why was there less violence?
Gandhi’s belief in non-violence
What emerged in the 1930s?
Muslim League
When did the Muslim League emerge?
1930s
What was the impact of the emergence of the Muslim League in the 1930s?
New and increasingly militant element to the struggle for independence
What caused a new and increasingly militant element to the struggle for independence?
Emergence of the Muslim league in the 1930s
What type of protest was easy to control?
Non-violent
Why did the Quit India campaign of 1942 fail?
Non-violent protests were easy to contain
Heavy handed oppression of the British
Weak coordination of Indians as sporadic and small scale violence failed
What did the All-India Congress do in 1942?
Mass campaign of civil disobedience demanding an ‘orderly British withdrawal’ from India
Who proclaimed a mass campaign of civil disobedience demanding an ‘orderly British withdrawal’ from India in 1942?
All Indian Congress
When did the All India Congress proclaim a mass campaign of civil disobedience demanding an ‘orderly British withdrawal’ from India?
1942
In the Quit India movement, who supported the British?
All India Muslim League
Princely States
Many businessmen
In the August 1942 Quit India movement, who did the All India Muslim League, Princely States and Many businessmen support?
British
How did the British respond to the August 1942 Quit India movement?
Imprisoned almost all the INC leadership until 1945
Why were almost all of the INC leadership Imprisoned until 1945?
British response to the August 1942 Quit India movement
What was put forward in the March 1942 Stafford Cripps?
British offer of dominion status (semi-independent state)
What happened in March 1942?
Stafford Cripps mission
When was the Stafford Cripps mission?
March 1942
What mission made the British offer of a dominion status (semi-independent state)?
March 1942: Stafford Cripps mission
What happened in the aftermath of WWII?
Violence throughout the country as Hindus and Muslims fought for ascendancy (dominance)
When did Violence spread throughout the country as Hindus and Muslims fought for ascendancy (dominance)?
In the aftermath of WWII
When did India gain independence?
August 1947
What happened in August 1947?
Indian independence
How many people died in the conflict that led to the partition?
400,000
What resulted in 400,000 people dying?
As a result of the conflict that led to the partition
What happened in January 1930?
‘Purna Swaraj Diaws’ showed the importance for the Indian national congress to achieve India’s independence
What happened in 1905?
Partition of Bengal
When was the partition of Bengal?
1905
Why was Bengal partitioned in 1905?
Viceroy Curzon though it would be easier to rule the 80 million inhabitants
What was the impact of the 1905 Bengal partition?
Riots broke out and this lead to Curzons resignation
What was formed in 1906?
Muslim league
When was the Muslim league formed?
1906
Why was the Muslim league formed in 1906?
Protect the rights of Muslims and be the sole representative for Muslims
What did the Muslim league send to the new viceroy Minto?
Simla Deputation asking for the protection of Muslim interests particularly in elections
What had Viceroy Minto allowed for more Indians to do?
Involved in the decision making, for example being on the imperial legislative council
When was the Indians Councils Act?
1909
What act was passed in 1909?
Indians Council Act
What was the 1909 Indian Councils Act?
Increased Indian representation in the government and guaranteed separate representation for Muslims and other minorities
What act increased Indian representation in the government and guaranteed separate representation for Muslims and other minorities?
1909 Indians Council Act
What was the reaction to the 1909 Indian Councils Act?
Criticised for being sided to the Muslims and not giving Indians the real power
What happened in 1915 during WW1?
Indian Muslims objected to fight the fellow Muslims in Turkey
When had Indian Muslims objected to fight the fellow Muslims in Turkey?
1915
When was the Lucknow Pact?
1916
What pact happened in 1916?
Lucknow Pact
What was the 1916 Lucknow pact?
Agreement between the Muslim League and the Indian national congress. This guaranteed Muslim representation in an Indian assembly and the representation of minority groups
When was there an agreement between the Muslim League and the Indian national congress?
1916 Lucknow Pact
What was formed in 1916?
Home Rule league
When was the home rule league formed?
1916
What was the role of the 1916 Home Rule league?
Asking for home rule and they stimulated the public through newspapers and rallies
After one year from its formation, how many members were in the Home Rule league?
60,000
After how many years were there 60,000 members in the Home Rule league?
One year after it was formed (formed in 1916)
What happened in 1917?
Montagu declaration
When was the Montagu declaration?
1917
Who was Montagu?
Secretary of State
What was the 1917 Montagu declaration?
Promised the ‘gradual development of self governing institutions in India’ but no timescale was given
What promised the ‘gradual development of self governing institutions in India’ but no timescale was given?
1917 Montagu declaration
What changes were made as a result of the 1919 government of India Act?
System of dyarchy (dual government)
Provincial councils were made in charge of education and health whilst the British controlled the military and foreign affairs
What report criticised Dryer?
1919: Hunter report
What commission was carried out in 1927?
Simon Commission
When was the Simon Commission?
1927
What did the Simon Commission in 1927 conclude?
No change in the ruling of India
When was Pakistan first invented?
1933
When was the second government of India Act?
1935
What happened in 1935?
The second government of India Act
What happened in the 1935 Government of India Act?
India was divided into 11 provinces with a legislative assembly and government but they would appoint a governor who could retain law and order in emergencies
Who declared war on behalf of India in World War Two?
Viceroy Linlithgow
