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Key Topic 2: Opposition To British Rule > Mahdi War > Flashcards

Mahdi War Flashcards

1
Q

Who was sent from Britain to act as the Governor-General of Egyptian administered Sudan in May 1887?

A

Charles Gordon

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2
Q

When had Charles Gordon become the Governor-General of Egyptian administered Sudan?

A

May 1877

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3
Q

What happened to Charles Gordon in May 1877?

A

Became the Governor-General of Egyptian administered Sudan

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4
Q

Between what years was Colonel Charles Gordon the Governor-General of Egyptian administered Sudan?

A

1877-1880

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5
Q

What role did Colonel Charles Gordon have between the years:

1877-1880

A

Governor-General of Egyptian administered Sudan

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6
Q

What is the definition of Mahdi?

A

An Islamic redeemer- regarded by Shi’ites as the Twelfth Inman (the final successor to the prophet Muhammad)

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7
Q

What was the term used to describe an Islamic redeemer- regarded by Shi’ites as the Twelfth Inman (the final successor to the prophet Muhammad)?

A

Mahdi

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8
Q

What happened in June 1881?

A

Sudanese Islamic cleric Muhammad Ahmad proclaimed himself the Mahdi or saviour of mankind

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9
Q

When had Sudanese Islamic cleric Muhammad Ahmad proclaimed himself the Mahdi or saviour of mankind?

A

June 1881

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10
Q

What happened to Sudanese Islamic cleric Muhammad Ahmad in June 1881?

A

Proclaimed himself the Mahdi or saviour of mankind

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11
Q

How did the Mahdi impact an emerging political movement?

A

Turn them into a jihadist (a person fighting a holy war) army, through drawing on long term hostility towards Egyptian rule combined with recent resentment regarding Sudanese rule.

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12
Q

How did the Mahdi turn an emerging political movement into a jihadist army?

A

Through drawing on long term hostility towards Egyptian rule combined with recent resentment regarding Sudanese rule.

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13
Q

What did the Mahdist seek to do?

A

Liberate Sudan from outside rule (Egyptians and British)

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14
Q

What happened by 1882?

A

Mahdi had complete control over the area surrounding Khartoum

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15
Q

When had the Mahdi taken complete control over the area surrounding Khartoum?

A

1882

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16
Q

What happened by September 1883?

A

Joint British-Egyptian military expedition under the command of Colonel William Hicks launched a counter attack against the Mahdist

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17
Q

When was there a joint British-Egyptian military expedition under the command of Colonel William Hicks, who launched a counter attack against the Mahdist?

A

September 1883

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18
Q

What was the impact of the September 1883 Joint British-Egyptian military expedition under the command of Colonel William Hicks launching a counter attack against the Mahdist?

A

Hicks was murdered

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19
Q

Who commanded the September 1883 Joint British-Egyptian military expedition, who launched a counter attack against the Mahdist?

A

Colonel William Hicks

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20
Q

What did Colonel William Hicks do in September 1883?

A

Led the joint British-Egyptian military expedition, who launched a counter attack against the Mahdist

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21
Q

What was the impact of the joint British-Egyptian military expedition, under the command of Colonel William Hicks who launched a counter attack against the Mahdist in September 1883?

A

General Gladstone ordered General Gordon to oversee the evacuation of both British and Egyptian troops from Khartoum in 1884

22
Q

Why had Gladstone ordered General Gordon to oversee the evacuation of both British and Egyptian troops from Khartoum in 1884?

A

The impact of the joint British-Egyptian military expedition, under the command of Colonel William Hicks who launched a counter attack against the Mahdist in September 1883 and its failure

23
Q

What did Gladstone ask for in 1884?

A

Ordered General Gordon to oversee the evacuation of both British and Egyptian troops from Khartoum

24
Q

When had Gladstone ordered General Gordon to oversee the evacuation of both British and Egyptian troops from Khartoum?

A

1884

25
Q

What happened in January 1885?

A

British-Egyptian forces defending Khartoum were overrun

26
Q

When were the British-Egyptian forces defending Khartoum were overrun?

A

January 1885

27
Q

What was the impact of the British-Egyptian forces defending Khartoum being overrun in January 1885?

A

Entire garrison was killed

General Gordon was beheaded

28
Q

What happened to General Gordon in January 1885?

A

Beheaded

29
Q

When was General Gordon beheaded?

A

January 1885

30
Q

What was the result of the garrison being killed and General Gordon being beheaded in January 1885?

A

Gladstone did not retaliate as he didn’t want to spend money or continue the loss of life

31
Q

What happened in June 1899?

A

Sudan taken under the control of the British

32
Q

When was Sudan taken under the control of the British?

A

June 1899

33
Q

Why did Britain want to take Sudan under their rule in June 1899?

A

Prevent instability and anti-European sentiment spreading to Egypt

34
Q

What inspired the Mahdi

A

Egyptian crisis

British assertion of overlordship (asserting their authority)

35
Q

What did the Mahdi preach?

A

A holy war that would culminate in his elevation to the throne of the Turkish Sultans as the fountainhead of a purified Islam

36
Q

What support did the Mahdi have?

A

Religious tribesmen of Sudan

37
Q

What experience did Colonel William Hicks have before his work in Sudan?

A

Retired Indian Army officer

38
Q

Why did Hicks expedition fail in September 1883?

A

Poorly funded

Weakened after the Urabi Pasha revolutionary movement

39
Q

What happened in November 1883?

A

Hicks and his troops were overwhelmed and slaughtered by the Mahdist movement

40
Q

When were Hicks and his troops were overwhelmed and slaughtered by the Mahdist movement?

A

November 1883

41
Q

What was General Gordons reputation?

A

Very popular in Britain as he was seen as a no-nonsense sword-bearer of evangelical Christianity

42
Q

What happened two days after the death of Gordon?

A

General Sir Garent Wolseley began a slow process up the Nile

43
Q

How did Queen Victoria regard Gladstone’s government?

A

‘The worst I have ever had’

44
Q

Who said that Gladstone’s government was ‘The worst I have ever had’?

A

Queen Victoria

45
Q

How did Queen Victoria react to the murder of Gordon in January 1885?

A

Blamed Gladstone

46
Q

Who did Queen Victoria blame for the death of Gordon in January 1885?

A

Gladstone

47
Q

Despite public outrage, what happened to Gladstone in Autumn 1885?

A

He won the general election

48
Q

What is the impact of Gladstone winning the Autumn 1885 general election?

A

Showed the public outrage due to the death of Khartoum in January 1885 was not that strong as he still went on to win

49
Q

Why was Sudan abandoned and give to the Mahdists for 10 years (1886-1896)?

A

Lord Salisbury in June 1886, after the aftermath of the Irish home rule crisis

50
Q

What was the aftermath of the Irish home rule crisis?

A

In June 1886, Lord Salisbury abandoned Sudan to the Mahdism

51
Q

How was Sudan governed?

A

Under the Egyptian government as they had conquered it in the beginning of the 19th century

Key Topic 2: Opposition To British Rule (19 decks)

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