Reason For Development: Sudan Flashcards
How did Kitchener’s conquest of Egyptian Sudan culminate?
Battle of Omdurman and the fall of Khartoum in 1898
What was Kitcheners conquest?
1896-98 and was intended to take over Sudan and revenge for General Gordon
When was the Battle of Omdurman?
September 1898
What battle happened in the September 1898?
Battle of Omdurman
How was the fall of Khartoum reported in the daily mail?
‘Downfall of the worst tyranny in the world ’
Who described the downfall of the Mahdist/ Khartoum in 1898 as the ‘Downfall of the worst tyranny in the world ’?
Daily mail
How did many Sudanese react to the downfall of the Mahdist regime?
Welcome the downfall
Why did the Sudanese welcome the downfall of the Mahdist regime in 1898?
The regime:
Destroyed the economy
Seen a decline of 50% of the population due to famine, disease, persecution and warfare
Under the Mahdist regime, what percentage of the population died due to famine, disease, persecution and warfare?
50%
Under the Mahdist regime, what happened to 50% of the population?
Died due to famine, disease, persecution and warfare
How many years did it take the British to subdue the tribes in the South of Sudan?
30 years
What side of Sudan did it take the British 30 years to subdue the tribes?
South of Sudan
What did the British try to implement in Sudan?
Modern government:
Introduce new penal codes
Establish land tenure rules
Establish system of taxation for the first time in Sudans history
When was Anglo-Egyptian Sudan established?
June 1899
What was established in June 1899?
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
What did the British try to establish for the first time?
System of taxation
How did the Sudanese people react to the system of taxation that was implemented by the British?
Very angry as tribes refused to renounce their customs and pay taxation
What kinds of feuds continued?
Inter-tribal feuds
What was the impact to inter-tribal feuds continuing?
British response was using the heavy hand of the law
How many harsh expeditions were mounted to force on tribesmen to follow new orders?
33
Why were their 33 harsh expeditions?
Force the tribesmen to follow the new order
When were there Mahdist uprisings?
1900
1902-03
1904
1908
What area in particular experienced economic development under the British?
Nile Valley
What happened to Nile Valley under British rule?
Experienced economic development under the British
What happened to Northern Sudan under the British?
Railway lines to connect key areas in the North together
What was the advantage of the railway lines built under the British?
Connect key areas in the North
When was Port Sudan opened?
1906
What was opened in 1906?
Port Sudan
What role did port Sudan play (opened in 1906)?
Country’s principal outlet to the sea
What was Sudan’s principal outlet to the sea?
Opening of Port Sudan in 1906
What happened in 1911?
Joint government/ private initiative set up the Gezira Scheme
When had the joint government/ private initiative set up the Gezira Scheme?
1911
What was the role of the Gezira Scheme set up in 1911?
Provide high quality cotton for British textiles industry
Improvements in irrigation system
What was set up to provide high quality cotton for British textiles industry and improve irrigation systems?
Gezira Scheme set up in 1911
Under the Gezira Scheme, how many square kilometres were provided with irrigation in 1914?
24 square miles
In what year did the Gezira Scheme allow 24 square kilometres of land put under irrigation?
1914
