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Key Topic 2: Opposition To British Rule > Reason For Development: Malaya > Flashcards

Reason For Development: Malaya Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the principal Malay nationalist organisation?

A

UMNO

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2
Q

What is the UMNO?

A

Principal Malay nationalist organisation

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3
Q

Why did two UMNO cooperate with the British?

A

Defeat the communists

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4
Q

What was the impact of the communists?

A

UMNO and British worked together to defeat them, after they tried to establish control in the area

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5
Q

What were the Malay states important for?

A

Rubber (promised to be an important earner of dollars after the war) and tin industry
Their location and the spread of communism

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6
Q

When was the federation of Malaya was founded?

A

January 1948

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7
Q

What did the UMNO oppose about the British?

A

British ideas of a Malayan union

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8
Q

What was the January 1948 Federation of Malaya?

A

Gave some power to the Malayan people. This was restricted to the Malayan nationality, not the ethnic Chinese (who formed a lot of the population)
UMNO focused on political independence

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9
Q

What gave some power to the Malayan people?

A

January 1948 Federation of Malaya

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10
Q

Why was Malays path to independence made difficult?

A

Position of non-Malays (particularly the ethnic Chinese who made up a large proportion of the population)
British decision to restrict the ‘Malay nationality’ to those of Malay ethnicity in 1947

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11
Q

What was the impact of the British decision to restrict the ‘Malay nationality’ to those of Malay ethnicity in 1947?

A

Made Malays path to independence difficult

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12
Q

What was the impact of the position of non-Malays (particularly the ethnic Chinese who made up a large proportion of the population)?

A

Made Malays path to independence difficult

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13
Q

When was the British decision to restrict the ‘Malay nationality’ to those of Malay ethnicity?

A

1947, June

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14
Q

When was the UMNO formed?

A

May 1946

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15
Q

When did Onn Jaafar resign?

A

August 1951

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16
Q

What happened in August 1951?

A

Onn Jaafar resigned

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17
Q

What happened in May 1946?

A

UMNO was formed

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18
Q

What did Ja’afar form in 1951?

A

Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)

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19
Q

When was the Independence of Malaya Party (IMP) formed?

A

By Ja’afar in 1951

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20
Q

Who formed the Independence of Malaya Party (IMP) in 1951?

A

Ja’afar

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21
Q

Why did Ja’afar leave the UMNO in 1951?

A

Failed to broaden his party’s ethnic membership

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22
Q

Why was the UMNO split in 1951?

A

Ja’afar left the party and formed the IMP

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23
Q

Under Turku Abdul Rahman, what did the UMNO do?

A

UMNO increased its powers through alliances

1954: Co-operation with the MCA (the Malayan Chinese Association)
1955: Co-operation with the MIC (Malayan Indian Congress )

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24
Q

Who did the UMNO cooperate with in 1954?

A

Co-operation with the MCA (the Malayan Chinese Association)

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25
Q

When did the UMNO cooperate with the MCA (the Malayan Chinese Association)?

A

1954

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26
Q

Who did the UMNO cooperate with in 1955?

A

MIC (Malayan Indian Congress )

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27
Q

When did the UMNO cooperate with the MIC (Malayan Indian Congress )?

A

1955

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28
Q

What was the positive impact of the UMNO:

1954: Co-operation with the MCA (the Malayan Chinese Association)
1955: Co-operation with the MIC (Malayan Indian Congress )

A

Electorate success in 1955, as they had won 34/52 seats

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29
Q

What caused the UMNO to have electorate success in 1955?

A

1954: Co-operation with the MCA (the Malayan Chinese Association)
1955: Co-operation with the MIC (Malayan Indian Congress )

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30
Q

How many seats did the UMNO win in 1955?

A

34 out of 52 seats

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31
Q

When did the UMNO win 34 out of 52 seats?

A

1955

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32
Q

What did the UMNO actions fail to address?

1954: Co-operation with the MCA (the Malayan Chinese Association)
1955: Co-operation with the MIC (Malayan Indian Congress )

A

Not resolve the racially divided area

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33
Q

Why did the British cooperate with the UMNO?

A

Positive programme of action (e.g. extending primary schooling)
Ready to tackle the militant actions of the militant independence movements (Malayan Races Liberation army (MRLA), and Malayan Communist party (MCP))

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34
Q

What was the name of militant groups that attacked farms, held strikes, disrupted transport, disrupted communication and police stations?

A

Malayan Races Liberation army (MRLA), and Malayan Communist party (MCP) (Chinese parties )

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35
Q

What did the Malayan Races Liberation army (MRLA), and Malayan Communist party (MCP) do?

A

Attacked farms, held strikes, disrupted transport, disrupted communication and police stations

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36
Q

What was the impact of positive programme of action (e.g. extending primary schooling) and the UMNO being ready to tackle the militant actions of the militant independence movements (Malayan Races Liberation army (MRLA), and Malayan Communist party (MCP))?

A

British co-operated with the UMNO

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37
Q

Who supported communism?

A

Chinese as there was a spread of communism

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38
Q

When was the Malayan emergency?

A

June-July 1948

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39
Q

What happened between June and July 1948?

A

Malayan emergency

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40
Q

What was the impact of the spread of communism in China?

A

There was support for the Malayan Communist party as they were influenced by it

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41
Q

What happened in July 1948?

A

Malayan Communist Party was banned

42
Q

When was the Malayan communist party banned?

A

July 1948

43
Q

What did it take 5 years to do?

A

End the uprisings

44
Q

How long did it take to put down the uprisings beginning in 1948?

A

5 years

45
Q

What happened in October 1951?

A

Sir Henry Guerney was being driven in his Rolls Royce with his wife and private secretary, in a convoy including an armoured scout car, a police wireless can and Landrover with 6 Malayan policemen in its open back. 60 miles north of Kuala Lumpur, the convoy was fired upon by 38 communist party Guerrillas. As Gureny left the car, he was assassinated

46
Q

When was sir Henry Gurney assassinated?

A

October 1951

47
Q

Who was Sir Henry Gurney assassinated by in October 1951?

A

38 Malayan Communist Party Guerrillas

48
Q

What did 38 Malayan Communist Party Guerrillas do in October 1951?

A

Assassinated Sir Henry Gurney by shooting at his rolls Royce

49
Q

How did the British restore stability?

A

Depend on the local indigenous elite and to gain this they had to offer a staged self-government
Promised MCA independence with equal rights, in order to win over the Chinese population

50
Q

What happened in August 1955?

A

Tunku became the first Chief Minister of Malaya

51
Q

When had Tunku became the first Chief Minister of Malaya?

A

August 1955

52
Q

When was full independence achieved?

A

August 1957

53
Q

What happened in August 1957?

A

Full independence

54
Q

Why did Tunku turn to london?

A

Negotiations with Chin Peng (MCP Secretary General ) broke down so Tunku had to turn to London

55
Q

What was the impact when negotiations with Chin Peng (MCP Secretary General ) broke down?

A

Tunku had to turn to London to support a deal that would lead to full independence in August 1957

56
Q

What did independence not end?

A

Didn’t end internal strife as the stark differences between the UMNO and MCA. Ethnic troubles

57
Q

What was created in 1963?

A

Tunku created Malaysia (Contained Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak )

58
Q

When did Tunku create Malaysia (Contained Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak )?

A

1963

59
Q

What happened in 1964?

A

Riots in Singapore because of the strain of race relations

60
Q

When was there a riot in Singapore due to race relations?

A

1964

61
Q

What happened in 1965?

A

Singapore was expelled from the union

62
Q

When was Singapore expelled from the union?

A

1965

63
Q

Why was Singapore important?

A

Naval base on the island

64
Q

Who did the UMNO represent?

A

Malaya people

65
Q

Who did the MCA/MCP represent?

A

Chinese people

66
Q

What were the Chinese prominent in between the years 1945-48?

A

Strikes and Labour unions

67
Q

What had the British introduced in June 1947?

A

Restricted definition of Malay Citizenship. They had to prove they could speak English and Malaya languages

68
Q

When had the British released a restricted definition of Malay Citizenship (They had to prove they could speak English and Malaya languages)?

A

June 1947

69
Q

What did the British pass in 1948 under the Federation of Malaya?

A

Federation of Malaya Executive Council
Federation of Malaya Legislative Council
Governments within the individual Malaya States

70
Q

What happened in January 1948?

A

Federation of Malaya was created

71
Q

When were the following created:
Federation of Malaya Executive Council
Federation of Malaya Legislative Council
Governments within the individual Malaya States

A

In 1948 under the Federation of Malaya

72
Q

What was the Federation of Malaya Executive Council (created in 1948 under the Federation of Malaya)?

A

Seven officials and seven unofficial members, headed by the British High Commissioner. They had the real power

73
Q

What was the name given to the Seven officials and seven unofficial members, headed by the British High Commissioner, who had the real power?

A

Federation of Malaya Executive Council (created in 1948 under the Federation of Malaya)

74
Q

What was the Federation of Malaya Legislative Council (created in 1948 under the Federation of Malaya)

A

62 members representing the various states and other groups

75
Q

What was the name given to the 62 members representing the various states and other groups?

A

Federation of Malaya Legislative Council (created in 1948 under the Federation of Malaya)

76
Q

What was the role of the Governments within the individual Malaya States (created in 1948 under the Federation of Malaya)

A

Some financial powers of the central colonial administration were transferred

77
Q

What became an elected body in 1955?

A

Federation of Malaya Legislative Council

78
Q

When had the Federation of Malaya Legislative Council become an elected body?

A

1955

79
Q

Why was there a state of emergency announced in June 1948?

A

Rebel attack on rubber plantations

80
Q

What was the impact of the rebel attack on rubber plantations

A

state of emergency announced in June 1948

81
Q

What was the impact of the state of emergency in June 1948?

A

Empowered officials to use force and additional sweeping legal powers to arrest suspects and impose order

82
Q

When had order been resotred?

A

1952

83
Q

What happened in 1952?

A

Order had been restored

84
Q

What happened in the 1955 election?

A

Malays and Chinese united against the British and won a majority of 82%

85
Q

When had the Malays and Chinese united against the British and won a majority of 82%?

A

1955

86
Q

What was established in 1955?

A

Reid Commission

87
Q

When was the Reid commission established?

A

1955

88
Q

What was the role of the 1955 Reid Commission?

A

Draw up a democratic constitution

89
Q

What was formed in 1955 to draw up a democratic constitution?

A

Reid Commission

90
Q

What was accepted when Malay got independence?

A

British naval base in Singapore

Remaining in the sterling area so economically bonded with the British

91
Q

What did Lim Yew Hock do?

A

The left wing leader had impressed the British by his strong action against the communists

92
Q

What happened in 1957?

A

Lim Yew Hock

93
Q

Who impressed the British by their strong actions against the British and persuaded them to allow Singapore to become a self-government?

A

Lim Yew Hock

94
Q

What happened to Singapore between 1947-8?

A

Given its own government with an executive council an legislative council (6 out of the 25 seats were elected)

95
Q

Who had the vote in Singapore during 1947-8?

A

White people, 10% of the population

96
Q

What happened in 1953?

A

Reforms made to the legislative council in Singapore by increasing it to 32 seats (25 seats were elected)

97
Q

When were Reforms made to the legislative council in Singapore?

A

1953

98
Q

What happened in 1958?

A

Singapore Act

99
Q

When was the Singapore Act?

A

1958

100
Q

Who came to power in Singapore in 1959?

A

PAP (Some communist teachings) and was led by Lee Kuan Yew

101
Q

When had PAP (Some communist teachings) and was led by Lee Kuan Yew came to power in Singapore?

A

1959

Key Topic 2: Opposition To British Rule (19 decks)

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