Boer War Flashcards
What happened in 1867?
Diamonds were discovered near Kimberley on the Vaal River in West Griqualand bordering the Orange Free State
When were diamonds discovered near Kimberley on the Vaal River in West Griqualand bordering the Orange Free State?
1867
Where were the diamonds discovered in 1867?
Near Kimberley on the Vaal River in West Griqualand bordering the Orange Free State
What was discovered near Kimberley on the Vaal River in West Griqualand bordering the Orange Free State in 1867?
Diamonds
What was the impact of the discovery of diamonds in 1867?
‘Diamond rush’ as both white settlers and Native Bantu speaking peoples moved to the area
What caused the ‘Diamond rush’ (white settlers and native Bantu-speaking people)?
1867: Discovery of diamonds near Kimberley on the Vaal River in West Griqualand bordering the Orange Free State
When was Basutoland annexed?
March 1868
What happened in March 1868?
Basutoland annexed
Who did Basutoland house?
Land of Khoi Khoi and Sotho people
What was the land of Khoi Khoi and Sotho people?
Basutoland
What was the excuse of the British for annexing Basutoland in 1868?
Indigenous Africans were seeking protection against Boers
Using the claim that Indigenous Africans were seeking protection against Boers, what did the British do?
March 1868: Basutoland annexed
What happened in 1871?
West Griqualand annexed by the British
When was the West Griqualand annexed by the British?
1871
What area was annexed in 1871?
West Griqualand
Who were the Bantu people?
General label for 300-600 ethnic groups in Africa, who speak the Bantu languages. They live in areas stretching from East and southward from Central Africa across the African Great Lakes region down to Southern Africa. They include the Xhosa, Pedi, Zulu tribes
What tribes were included in the Zulu people?
Xhosa, Pedi, Zulu tribes
Characterise West Griqualand:
Founded by Griqua people, a Khoi Khoi tribe. They had left the cape colony to avoid racial persecution.
What area was founded by Griqua people, a Khoi Khoi tribe. They had left the cape colony to avoid racial persecution?
West Griqualand
Following the annexation of West Griqualand in 1871, how many Griqua trekked eastwards to establish Griqualand East in 1873?
2,000
Following the annexation of West Griqualand in 1871, who trekked eastwards to establish Griqualand East in 1873?
2,000 Griqua
Following the annexation of West Griqualand in 1871, In what year did 2,000 Griqua trek eastwards to establish Griqualand East?
1873
Following the annexation of West Griqualand in 1871, what did 2,000 Griqua trek eastwards and establish in 1873?
Griqualand East
What happened in 1874?
Griqualand East was annexed by the British
When was Griqualand East annexed by the British?
1874
What did the British propose in 1875?
A federation of the British and Boer territories, but Boers gave a firm rejection
When did the British propose a federation of the British and Boer territories, but Boers gave a firm rejection?
1875
Why did the area face extreme instability?
Both Boers and British tried to exert control over the area which had great value for traders
When was the Xhosa war?
1877-78
What happened between 1877-78?
Xhosa War
What happened in the 1877-78 Xhosa War?
British easily disarmed neighbouring tribesmen and annexed their communities to the Cape. Boers were less successful in their conflict with the Pedi tribe, which had successfully maintained its independence in the Eastern Transvaal.
In what war did the, British easily disarmed neighbouring tribesmen and annexed their communities to the Cape. Boers were less successful in their conflict with the Pedi tribe, which had successfully maintained its independence in the Eastern Transvaal.
1877-78 Xhosa War
In the 1877-78 Xhosa War, who were the Boers less successful with?
Pedi tribe, which had successfully maintained its independence in the Eastern Transvaal.
What happened in 1877?
British announce the annexation of Transvaal
When did the British announce the annexation of Transvaal?
1877
Why was Transvaal annexed in 1877?
After the failure of the Boers against the Pedi tribe, the British annexed. They claimed they needed to defend the white European settlers against not only Pedi but also Zulus (most powerful African tribe in the area)
Who was the most powerful African tribe in Transvaal?
Zulus
When did the British launch an invasion of Zululand?
January 1879
What happened in January 1879?
British launched an invasion of Zululand
What happened in July 1879?
British defeated the Zulus at Ulundi
When had the British defeated the Zulus at Ulundi?
July 1879
In July 1879, where did the British defeat the Zulus?
Ulundi
In July 1879, what happened at Ulundi?
British army defeated the Zulus
After the defeat of the Zulus in July 1879, what happened to Zululand?
Incorporated into the Natal
After the defeat of the Zulus in July 1879, what happened to the Pedi?
Campaign was rounded off with an attack on them and then they were defeated
What happened in 1880?
Boers declared independence
When did the Boers declare independence?
1880
What had happened once the Zulus had been defeated?
Boers declared independence in 1880
What happened onwards from 1880?
Boers turned on the British attack British army garrisons across the Transvaal and winning victories
What happened in February 1881?
British failure at Majuba Hill
When was the British failure at Majuba Hill?
February 1881
Where did the British failure occurred at in February 1881?
Majuba Hill
How many Britons were killed as a result of the British failure at Majuba Hill in February 1881?
150
In what incident were 150 Britons killed?
British failure at Majuba Hill in February 1881
When was the convention of Pretoria?
August 1881
What happened in August 1881?
Convention of Pretoria
What was the August 1881 Convention of Pretoria?
Recognised Boer self-government in Transvaal, although the British still claimed a right to control over external affairs
What recognised Boer self-government in Transvaal, although the British still claimed a right to control over external affairs?
August 1881 Convention of Pretoria
What happened in 1884?
Arrival of Germans in South-west Africa
When did Germans arrive in South-west Africa?
1884
What was the impact of German arrival in South-West Africa in 1884?
British feared that the Boers would make an alliance with them
When was Bechuanaland annexed?
September 1885
What happened in September 1885?
Bechuanaland was annexed
Where was Bechuanaland located?
Between German South-West Africa and Transvaal
What area was located between German South-West Africa and Transvaal?
Bechuanaland
Why was Bechuanaland annexed in September 1885?
Attempt to prevent the combining of the German and Boer colonies as Bechuanaland was located between German South-West Africa and Transvaal
What happened in late 1884?
4,000 British troops was sent from Cape Town under the leadership of Major-General Charles Warren in order to assert authority in areas that housed the Tsawana tribes
Who met in January 1885?
Boer leader, Paul Kruger and Major-General Charles Warren. Kruger was given assurance that the Boers could maintain order in Bechuanaland. Warren ignored these promises and forced the annexation
What happened in July 1890?
Cecil Rhodes became prime minister of the Cape
When did Cecil Rhodes became prime minister of the Cape?
July 1890
What was the aim of Rhodes premiership?
Bring Boer republics (Transvaal and the Orange Free State) into a South African federation, where the British would be the dominant power
Why did Rhodes want to bring the Boer republics (Transvaal and the Orange Free State) into a South African federation, where the British would be the dominant power?
Irritation at the high tariffs imposed by the Boers and the impact they had on trade.
Personal hostility with leader of Paul Kruger (leading Boer politician)
What event in 1886 increased the prestige of Transvaal?
Discovery of gold on the Rand
When was there a Discovery of gold on the Rand?
1886
What was the impact of the discovery of gold on the Rand in 1886?
Transvaal had grown in prestige and power
How did Transvaal gain control of Swaziland?
Establishing its own independent rail network to the Portuguese-controlled port of Lourenço Marques
What was the impact of Transvaal establishing its own independent rail network to the Portuguese-controlled port of Lourenço Marques?
Able to gain control of Swaziland
What was the impact of Transvaal:
Gaining control of Swaziland
Discovery of gold on the Rand in 1886?
This caused Rhodes and the colonial secretary(Chamberlain) to become worried about Britains dominance in Southern Africa
What caused Rhodes and the colonial secretary(Chamberlain) to become worried about Britains dominance in Southern Africa?
Gaining control of Swaziland
Discovery of gold on the Rand in 1886
What happened in December 1895
Jameson raid
When was the Jameson raid?
December 1895
What was the December 1895 Jameson raid?
Raid against South African republic. Topple Krugers government
What was the name of the British raid against the South African Republic through toppling Kruger’s government?
December 1895 Jameson raid
Who were the Uitlanders?
British settlers who had flocked to Transvaal
What was the name of the british settlers who had flocked to Transvaal?
Uitlanders
Even though the Uitlander paid taxes, what were they denied?
Vote
How did Uitlanders’ qualify for a vote?
14 years of residency in Transvaal
Over the age of 40
How many Britons were denied of political rights?
50,000 Britons
What happened to 50,000 Britons denied of?
Political rights even though Boer residents living in British run Cape-Colony were given voting rights
What happened in May 1897?
Alfred Milner became the South African High Commissioner
When did Alfred Milner become the South African High Commissioner?
May 1897
What did Alfred Milner become in May 1897?
South African High Commissioner
Who became South African High Commissioner in May 1897?
Alfred Milner
What did Milner recommend the British do?
Pursue a vigorous policy
Who told the British to pursue a vigorous policy?
Alfred Milner
When did Kruger have success in securing a fourth term as Transvaal President?
May 1898
What happened in May 1898?
Kruger had success in securing a fourth term as Transvaal President
What showed the Boers nationalist sentiment and resentment of British interference?
May 1898: Kruger had success in securing a fourth term as Transvaal President
What was the impact of Kruger having success in securing a fourth term as Transvaal President in May 1898?
Showed the Boers nationalist sentiment and resentment of British interference
What happened in December 1898?
Englishman, Tom Edgar was shot by Transvaal policemen
When was Englishman, Tom Edgar, was shot by Transvaal policemen?
December 1898
Who was shot by a Transvaal policemen in December 1898?
Englishman Tom Edgar
What was the impact of the murder of Tom Edgar in December 1898 by a Transvaal policeman?
Promoted Uitlander outrage and pressure on the British government from Uitlanders to produce firm action
What promoted Uitlander outrage and pressure on the British government from Uitlanders to produce firm action?
December 1898: Murder of Tom Edgar by Transvaal policemen
When was the Bloemfontein Conference?
May-June 1899
What happened in May- June 1899?
Bloemfontein Conference
What happened in the May- June 1899 Bloemfontein Conference?
Milner demanded that Transvaal grant voting rights to the Uitlanders
Kruger refused
When did Milner demand that Transvaal grant voting rights to the Uitlanders and Kruger refused?
May- June 1899 Bloemfontein Conference
In what conference did Milner demand that Transvaal grant voting rights to the Uitlanders?
May- June 1899 Bloemfontein Conference
What was the impact of the May- June 1899 Bloemfontein Conference?
As Kruger refused both sides (Boer and Milner) began to mobilise troops
Why did both sides (Milner and Kruger) mobilise their troops?
May- June 1899 Bloemfontein Conference
What happened in October 1899?
Kruger issued an ultimatum demanding British withdrawal from the borders of the Boer republic
When did Kruger issue an ultimatum demanding British withdrawal from the borders of the Boer republic?
October 1899
When did the Second Boer war begin?
October 1899
What was the impact of Kruger issuing an ultimatum demanding British withdrawal from the borders of the Boer republic?
October 1899: Second Boer War as the British stood firm
Where did Britain suffer humiliating defeats?
Ladysmith
Kimberley
Mafeking
How much does the war cost Britain?
£127 million
Who had to pay £127 million?
British as a result of the war
What had the Boer war inspired in Natal, Kenya, Nigeria and British Guiana between 1902 and 1904?
Short rebellions
Where had the Boer war inspired short rebellions between 1902 and 1914?
Natal
Kenya
Nigeria
British Guiana
What initially happened to the British in:
Ladysmith
Kimberley
Mafeking
Suffered defeats
What continued 2 years after 1900?
Boers continued to fight a guerrilla war, using their knowledge of the territory to launch attacks and disappear
when had the Boers continued to fight a guerrilla war, using their knowledge of the territory to launch attacks and disappear?
2 years after 1900
What happened in May 1902?
Treaty of Vereeniging
When was the Treaty of Vereeniging?
May 1902
What was the May 1902 Treaty of Vereeniging?
Boers accepted the British annexation of Transvaal and the Orange Free state
When had the Boers accepted the British annexation of Transvaal and the Orange Free state?
May 1902: Treaty of Vereeniging
What did Kitchener do to Boer territory?
Split using barbed wire
What was the cost of the 400,000 imperial troops?
£250 million
What cost £250 million?
400,000 imperial troops
Who rose to high positions in 1900?
General Kitchener and Roberts
How did Boers regard David Livingstone, Plaster saint of Protestantism?
Regarded him an a mischievous gun-runner
Who did the Boers regard as a mischievous gun-runner?
David Livingstone, Plaster saint of Protestantism
What was the impact of singing a treaty?
Marked the beginning of the end for Britain, as they were signing unfavourable terms and this was the first time they had done such, which therefore showed that they were not an invincible force
