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Key Topic 2: Opposition To British Rule > Boer War > Flashcards

Boer War Flashcards

1
Q

What happened in 1867?

A

Diamonds were discovered near Kimberley on the Vaal River in West Griqualand bordering the Orange Free State

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2
Q

When were diamonds discovered near Kimberley on the Vaal River in West Griqualand bordering the Orange Free State?

A

1867

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3
Q

Where were the diamonds discovered in 1867?

A

Near Kimberley on the Vaal River in West Griqualand bordering the Orange Free State

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4
Q

What was discovered near Kimberley on the Vaal River in West Griqualand bordering the Orange Free State in 1867?

A

Diamonds

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5
Q

What was the impact of the discovery of diamonds in 1867?

A

‘Diamond rush’ as both white settlers and Native Bantu speaking peoples moved to the area

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6
Q

What caused the ‘Diamond rush’ (white settlers and native Bantu-speaking people)?

A

1867: Discovery of diamonds near Kimberley on the Vaal River in West Griqualand bordering the Orange Free State

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7
Q

When was Basutoland annexed?

A

March 1868

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8
Q

What happened in March 1868?

A

Basutoland annexed

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9
Q

Who did Basutoland house?

A

Land of Khoi Khoi and Sotho people

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10
Q

What was the land of Khoi Khoi and Sotho people?

A

Basutoland

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11
Q

What was the excuse of the British for annexing Basutoland in 1868?

A

Indigenous Africans were seeking protection against Boers

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12
Q

Using the claim that Indigenous Africans were seeking protection against Boers, what did the British do?

A

March 1868: Basutoland annexed

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13
Q

What happened in 1871?

A

West Griqualand annexed by the British

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14
Q

When was the West Griqualand annexed by the British?

A

1871

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15
Q

What area was annexed in 1871?

A

West Griqualand

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16
Q

Who were the Bantu people?

A

General label for 300-600 ethnic groups in Africa, who speak the Bantu languages. They live in areas stretching from East and southward from Central Africa across the African Great Lakes region down to Southern Africa. They include the Xhosa, Pedi, Zulu tribes

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17
Q

What tribes were included in the Zulu people?

A

Xhosa, Pedi, Zulu tribes

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18
Q

Characterise West Griqualand:

A

Founded by Griqua people, a Khoi Khoi tribe. They had left the cape colony to avoid racial persecution.

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19
Q

What area was founded by Griqua people, a Khoi Khoi tribe. They had left the cape colony to avoid racial persecution?

A

West Griqualand

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20
Q

Following the annexation of West Griqualand in 1871, how many Griqua trekked eastwards to establish Griqualand East in 1873?

A

2,000

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21
Q

Following the annexation of West Griqualand in 1871, who trekked eastwards to establish Griqualand East in 1873?

A

2,000 Griqua

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22
Q

Following the annexation of West Griqualand in 1871, In what year did 2,000 Griqua trek eastwards to establish Griqualand East?

A

1873

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23
Q

Following the annexation of West Griqualand in 1871, what did 2,000 Griqua trek eastwards and establish in 1873?

A

Griqualand East

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24
Q

What happened in 1874?

A

Griqualand East was annexed by the British

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25
Q

When was Griqualand East annexed by the British?

A

1874

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26
Q

What did the British propose in 1875?

A

A federation of the British and Boer territories, but Boers gave a firm rejection

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27
Q

When did the British propose a federation of the British and Boer territories, but Boers gave a firm rejection?

A

1875

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28
Q

Why did the area face extreme instability?

A

Both Boers and British tried to exert control over the area which had great value for traders

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29
Q

When was the Xhosa war?

A

1877-78

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30
Q

What happened between 1877-78?

A

Xhosa War

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31
Q

What happened in the 1877-78 Xhosa War?

A

British easily disarmed neighbouring tribesmen and annexed their communities to the Cape. Boers were less successful in their conflict with the Pedi tribe, which had successfully maintained its independence in the Eastern Transvaal.

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32
Q

In what war did the, British easily disarmed neighbouring tribesmen and annexed their communities to the Cape. Boers were less successful in their conflict with the Pedi tribe, which had successfully maintained its independence in the Eastern Transvaal.

A

1877-78 Xhosa War

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33
Q

In the 1877-78 Xhosa War, who were the Boers less successful with?

A

Pedi tribe, which had successfully maintained its independence in the Eastern Transvaal.

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34
Q

What happened in 1877?

A

British announce the annexation of Transvaal

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35
Q

When did the British announce the annexation of Transvaal?

A

1877

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36
Q

Why was Transvaal annexed in 1877?

A

After the failure of the Boers against the Pedi tribe, the British annexed. They claimed they needed to defend the white European settlers against not only Pedi but also Zulus (most powerful African tribe in the area)

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37
Q

Who was the most powerful African tribe in Transvaal?

A

Zulus

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38
Q

When did the British launch an invasion of Zululand?

A

January 1879

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39
Q

What happened in January 1879?

A

British launched an invasion of Zululand

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40
Q

What happened in July 1879?

A

British defeated the Zulus at Ulundi

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41
Q

When had the British defeated the Zulus at Ulundi?

A

July 1879

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42
Q

In July 1879, where did the British defeat the Zulus?

A

Ulundi

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43
Q

In July 1879, what happened at Ulundi?

A

British army defeated the Zulus

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44
Q

After the defeat of the Zulus in July 1879, what happened to Zululand?

A

Incorporated into the Natal

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45
Q

After the defeat of the Zulus in July 1879, what happened to the Pedi?

A

Campaign was rounded off with an attack on them and then they were defeated

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46
Q

What happened in 1880?

A

Boers declared independence

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47
Q

When did the Boers declare independence?

A

1880

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48
Q

What had happened once the Zulus had been defeated?

A

Boers declared independence in 1880

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49
Q

What happened onwards from 1880?

A

Boers turned on the British attack British army garrisons across the Transvaal and winning victories

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50
Q

What happened in February 1881?

A

British failure at Majuba Hill

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51
Q

When was the British failure at Majuba Hill?

A

February 1881

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52
Q

Where did the British failure occurred at in February 1881?

A

Majuba Hill

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53
Q

How many Britons were killed as a result of the British failure at Majuba Hill in February 1881?

A

150

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54
Q

In what incident were 150 Britons killed?

A

British failure at Majuba Hill in February 1881

55
Q

When was the convention of Pretoria?

A

August 1881

56
Q

What happened in August 1881?

A

Convention of Pretoria

57
Q

What was the August 1881 Convention of Pretoria?

A

Recognised Boer self-government in Transvaal, although the British still claimed a right to control over external affairs

58
Q

What recognised Boer self-government in Transvaal, although the British still claimed a right to control over external affairs?

A

August 1881 Convention of Pretoria

59
Q

What happened in 1884?

A

Arrival of Germans in South-west Africa

60
Q

When did Germans arrive in South-west Africa?

A

1884

61
Q

What was the impact of German arrival in South-West Africa in 1884?

A

British feared that the Boers would make an alliance with them

62
Q

When was Bechuanaland annexed?

A

September 1885

63
Q

What happened in September 1885?

A

Bechuanaland was annexed

64
Q

Where was Bechuanaland located?

A

Between German South-West Africa and Transvaal

65
Q

What area was located between German South-West Africa and Transvaal?

A

Bechuanaland

66
Q

Why was Bechuanaland annexed in September 1885?

A

Attempt to prevent the combining of the German and Boer colonies as Bechuanaland was located between German South-West Africa and Transvaal

67
Q

What happened in late 1884?

A

4,000 British troops was sent from Cape Town under the leadership of Major-General Charles Warren in order to assert authority in areas that housed the Tsawana tribes

68
Q

Who met in January 1885?

A

Boer leader, Paul Kruger and Major-General Charles Warren. Kruger was given assurance that the Boers could maintain order in Bechuanaland. Warren ignored these promises and forced the annexation

69
Q

What happened in July 1890?

A

Cecil Rhodes became prime minister of the Cape

70
Q

When did Cecil Rhodes became prime minister of the Cape?

A

July 1890

71
Q

What was the aim of Rhodes premiership?

A

Bring Boer republics (Transvaal and the Orange Free State) into a South African federation, where the British would be the dominant power

72
Q

Why did Rhodes want to bring the Boer republics (Transvaal and the Orange Free State) into a South African federation, where the British would be the dominant power?

A

Irritation at the high tariffs imposed by the Boers and the impact they had on trade.
Personal hostility with leader of Paul Kruger (leading Boer politician)

73
Q

What event in 1886 increased the prestige of Transvaal?

A

Discovery of gold on the Rand

74
Q

When was there a Discovery of gold on the Rand?

A

1886

75
Q

What was the impact of the discovery of gold on the Rand in 1886?

A

Transvaal had grown in prestige and power

76
Q

How did Transvaal gain control of Swaziland?

A

Establishing its own independent rail network to the Portuguese-controlled port of Lourenço Marques

77
Q

What was the impact of Transvaal establishing its own independent rail network to the Portuguese-controlled port of Lourenço Marques?

A

Able to gain control of Swaziland

78
Q

What was the impact of Transvaal:
Gaining control of Swaziland
Discovery of gold on the Rand in 1886?

A

This caused Rhodes and the colonial secretary(Chamberlain) to become worried about Britains dominance in Southern Africa

79
Q

What caused Rhodes and the colonial secretary(Chamberlain) to become worried about Britains dominance in Southern Africa?

A

Gaining control of Swaziland

Discovery of gold on the Rand in 1886

80
Q

What happened in December 1895

A

Jameson raid

81
Q

When was the Jameson raid?

A

December 1895

82
Q

What was the December 1895 Jameson raid?

A

Raid against South African republic. Topple Krugers government

83
Q

What was the name of the British raid against the South African Republic through toppling Kruger’s government?

A

December 1895 Jameson raid

84
Q

Who were the Uitlanders?

A

British settlers who had flocked to Transvaal

85
Q

What was the name of the british settlers who had flocked to Transvaal?

A

Uitlanders

86
Q

Even though the Uitlander paid taxes, what were they denied?

A

Vote

87
Q

How did Uitlanders’ qualify for a vote?

A

14 years of residency in Transvaal

Over the age of 40

88
Q

How many Britons were denied of political rights?

A

50,000 Britons

89
Q

What happened to 50,000 Britons denied of?

A

Political rights even though Boer residents living in British run Cape-Colony were given voting rights

90
Q

What happened in May 1897?

A

Alfred Milner became the South African High Commissioner

91
Q

When did Alfred Milner become the South African High Commissioner?

A

May 1897

92
Q

What did Alfred Milner become in May 1897?

A

South African High Commissioner

93
Q

Who became South African High Commissioner in May 1897?

A

Alfred Milner

94
Q

What did Milner recommend the British do?

A

Pursue a vigorous policy

95
Q

Who told the British to pursue a vigorous policy?

A

Alfred Milner

96
Q

When did Kruger have success in securing a fourth term as Transvaal President?

A

May 1898

97
Q

What happened in May 1898?

A

Kruger had success in securing a fourth term as Transvaal President

98
Q

What showed the Boers nationalist sentiment and resentment of British interference?

A

May 1898: Kruger had success in securing a fourth term as Transvaal President

99
Q

What was the impact of Kruger having success in securing a fourth term as Transvaal President in May 1898?

A

Showed the Boers nationalist sentiment and resentment of British interference

100
Q

What happened in December 1898?

A

Englishman, Tom Edgar was shot by Transvaal policemen

101
Q

When was Englishman, Tom Edgar, was shot by Transvaal policemen?

A

December 1898

102
Q

Who was shot by a Transvaal policemen in December 1898?

A

Englishman Tom Edgar

103
Q

What was the impact of the murder of Tom Edgar in December 1898 by a Transvaal policeman?

A

Promoted Uitlander outrage and pressure on the British government from Uitlanders to produce firm action

104
Q

What promoted Uitlander outrage and pressure on the British government from Uitlanders to produce firm action?

A

December 1898: Murder of Tom Edgar by Transvaal policemen

105
Q

When was the Bloemfontein Conference?

A

May-June 1899

106
Q

What happened in May- June 1899?

A

Bloemfontein Conference

107
Q

What happened in the May- June 1899 Bloemfontein Conference?

A

Milner demanded that Transvaal grant voting rights to the Uitlanders
Kruger refused

108
Q

When did Milner demand that Transvaal grant voting rights to the Uitlanders and Kruger refused?

A

May- June 1899 Bloemfontein Conference

109
Q

In what conference did Milner demand that Transvaal grant voting rights to the Uitlanders?

A

May- June 1899 Bloemfontein Conference

110
Q

What was the impact of the May- June 1899 Bloemfontein Conference?

A

As Kruger refused both sides (Boer and Milner) began to mobilise troops

111
Q

Why did both sides (Milner and Kruger) mobilise their troops?

A

May- June 1899 Bloemfontein Conference

112
Q

What happened in October 1899?

A

Kruger issued an ultimatum demanding British withdrawal from the borders of the Boer republic

113
Q

When did Kruger issue an ultimatum demanding British withdrawal from the borders of the Boer republic?

A

October 1899

114
Q

When did the Second Boer war begin?

A

October 1899

115
Q

What was the impact of Kruger issuing an ultimatum demanding British withdrawal from the borders of the Boer republic?

A

October 1899: Second Boer War as the British stood firm

116
Q

Where did Britain suffer humiliating defeats?

A

Ladysmith
Kimberley
Mafeking

117
Q

How much does the war cost Britain?

A

£127 million

118
Q

Who had to pay £127 million?

A

British as a result of the war

119
Q

What had the Boer war inspired in Natal, Kenya, Nigeria and British Guiana between 1902 and 1904?

A

Short rebellions

120
Q

Where had the Boer war inspired short rebellions between 1902 and 1914?

A

Natal
Kenya
Nigeria
British Guiana

121
Q

What initially happened to the British in:
Ladysmith
Kimberley
Mafeking

A

Suffered defeats

122
Q

What continued 2 years after 1900?

A

Boers continued to fight a guerrilla war, using their knowledge of the territory to launch attacks and disappear

123
Q

when had the Boers continued to fight a guerrilla war, using their knowledge of the territory to launch attacks and disappear?

A

2 years after 1900

124
Q

What happened in May 1902?

A

Treaty of Vereeniging

125
Q

When was the Treaty of Vereeniging?

A

May 1902

126
Q

What was the May 1902 Treaty of Vereeniging?

A

Boers accepted the British annexation of Transvaal and the Orange Free state

127
Q

When had the Boers accepted the British annexation of Transvaal and the Orange Free state?

A

May 1902: Treaty of Vereeniging

128
Q

What did Kitchener do to Boer territory?

A

Split using barbed wire

129
Q

What was the cost of the 400,000 imperial troops?

A

£250 million

130
Q

What cost £250 million?

A

400,000 imperial troops

131
Q

Who rose to high positions in 1900?

A

General Kitchener and Roberts

132
Q

How did Boers regard David Livingstone, Plaster saint of Protestantism?

A

Regarded him an a mischievous gun-runner

133
Q

Who did the Boers regard as a mischievous gun-runner?

A

David Livingstone, Plaster saint of Protestantism

134
Q

What was the impact of singing a treaty?

A

Marked the beginning of the end for Britain, as they were signing unfavourable terms and this was the first time they had done such, which therefore showed that they were not an invincible force

Key Topic 2: Opposition To British Rule (19 decks)

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