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Forensic Osteology > Ribs > Flashcards

Ribs Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12

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2
Q

What ribs are the true ribs?

A

1-7

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3
Q

How do the true ribs articulate with the sternum?

A

Costal cartilages

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4
Q

What ribs are the false ribs?

A

8-10

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5
Q

What do the false ribs articulate with?

A

Costal margin

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6
Q

What ribs are the floating ribs?

A

11 and 12

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7
Q

Where do the floating ribs terminate?

A

Abdominal musculature

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8
Q

What is the pattern of length seen in the ribs?

A

Ribs increase in length from 1-7 and decrease in length 8-12

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9
Q

What end of the ribs is often used for age estimation?

A

Sternal end

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10
Q

What edge of the rib is the ‘sharp’ edge?

A

Caudal (cranial is more blunt)

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11
Q

Name the 2 kinds of ribs

A

Typical and Atypical

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12
Q

How many articular facets does a typical rib usually have?

A

3 (superior and inferior and articular facet of tubercle)

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13
Q

Rib one has 2 grooves for which vascular structures?

A

Subclavian artery and vein

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14
Q

What rib has a tubercle for scalene anterior?

A

Rib 1

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15
Q

Where does scalene anterior run to and from?

A

From C3-C6 transverse processes to scalene tubercle on rib 1

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16
Q

What movements does scalene anterior produce?

A

Raises rib 1, flexion and rotation of neck

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17
Q

In what direction does rib 2 deviate?

A

Inferiorly

18
Q

What muscles attaches to rib 2?

A

serratus anterior and scalene posterior

19
Q

Where does serratus anterior run to and from?

Where does scalene posterior run to and from?

A

It runs to the second rib from the scapula

it runs to the second rib from the posterior tubercles of transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C4-C6

20
Q

What movements does scalene posterior produce?

A

raises rib 2, flexion and rotation of neck

21
Q

Name the atypical ribs

A

1,2 11 and 12

22
Q

How many articular facets does rib 11 have on its head?

A

1 singular one

23
Q

What feature does rib 11 lack?

A

Tubercle

24
Q

What feature is ‘shallow’ on rib 11?

A

Costal groove

25
Q

What rib is shorter out of rib 11 and 12?

A

12

26
Q

What is not present on rib 12?

A

Angle

27
Q

Name 4 pathological ribs

A

Lumbar and cervical ribs
Bifid ribs
Fused ribs

28
Q

What is the difference between bifid ribs and fused ribs?

A

Bifid ribs have 1 body and 2 sternal ends whereas fused ribs have 2 heads fusing into 1 body

29
Q

How many pairs of costal cartilages are there?

A

12

30
Q

What are the costal cartilages?

A

Persistent unossified extensions of cartilaginous models that preceded fully ossified ribs

31
Q

What is the purpose of these costal cartilages?

A

Allow movement of inspiration and expiration

Give elasticity to thorax

32
Q

What kind of cartilage are costal cartilages?

A

Hyaline

33
Q

What is the costochondral junction?

A

A junction between the distal parts of ribs (concave part anteriorly) and costal cartilage (convex end)

34
Q

Can the costal cartilage ossify at all?

A

Yes slowly over time

35
Q

Where is the 1st costosternal joint located?

A

Between costal cartilage pair 1 and the manubrium of the sternum

36
Q

What kind of joint is the 1st costosternal joint?

A

Primary cartilaginous joint (can synostose with age)

37
Q

If synostosis happens with the first costosternal joint and the manubrium (manubriocostal fusion), what fusion cannot occur?

A

manubriosternal fusion (between manubrium and sternum)

38
Q

If the manubrium and sternum fuse, can manubriocostal fusion occur?

A

No

39
Q

What kinds of joints are the 2nd-7/8th costosternal joints?

A

synovial joints

40
Q

What costosternal joints are rarely synovial and may have an empty joint cavity?

A

9 and 10

Forensic Osteology (18 decks)

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