Femur Flashcards
What does the femur sit in between?
Pelvis and lower leg
What sort of estimation is the femur good for?
Stature
What does the femur support all of?
All of the bodys weight
Where and what does the femur articulate?
Pelvis at the head
Tibia at the condyle
Patella at the patellar surface
What is fovea capitis?
small, oval-shaped divot on the head of the femur
What neck is more ‘bumpy’?
Anatomical neck
What side is the greater trochanter on, anterior or posterior?
Posterior
Where is the trochanteric fossa?
Opens medially
Where is the lesser trochanter located?
On the posterior surface and is more medial
What surface is the intertrochanteric line on?
Anterior
What sits on the intertrochanteric fossa?
Quadrate tubercle
Where is the Pectineal line located?
Below lesser trochanter
What is the gluteal tuberosity?
Where gluteus maximum attaches
What does the gluteal tuberosity meet under the lesser trochanter?
Spiral line
What forms the linea aspera?
Spiral line and gluteal tuberosity
What does the linea aspera form when it divides?
Lateral and media supracondylar lines
What is the popliteal surface?
It is the surface between the 2 condylar lines
What is adductor tubercle ?
A tubercle that bumps out to the medial side
Name the epicondyles
Lateral and medial (bumps on either side)
Name the condyles
Medial and lateral (medial sits lower and lateral is flatter)
What lies between the two condyles?
Intercondylar fossa
What is patellar/trochlear surface?
It comes from the intercondylar fossa
Where does ligamentum teres originate and insert?
Origin: pelvis
Insertion: fovea capitis
What does ligamentum teres do?
Holds the head of the femur in the acetabulum
Where does gluteus medius originate and insert?
Origin: anterior gluteal line of ilium
Insertion: lateral surface of greater trochanter
What movements does gluteus medius produce?
Extension and rotation of hip
Where does gluteus minimus originate and insertion?
Origin: inferior gluteal line of ilium
Insertion: anterior border of greater trochanter
What movement does gluteus minimus produce?
Extension and rotation of hip
Where does iliacus originate and insert?
Origin: iliac fossa
Insertion: lesser trochanter
What movement does iliacus produce?
Flexion of hip
Where does pectineus originate and insert?
Origin: pectineal line of superior pubic ramus
Insertion: pectineal line of femur and linea aspera
What movement does pectineus produce?
Thigh flexion and adduction
Where does gluteus maximus originate and insert?
Origin: posterior gluteal line (via iliotibial tract) of ilium and sacrum
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity
What movement does gluteus maximus produce?
Extension and rotation of hip
Where does vastus medius originate and insert?
Origin: intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera and medial supracondylar line
Insertion: quadriceps tendon
What movement does vastus medius produce?
Extension of leg
Where does vastus intermedius originate and insert?
Origin: anterior/lateral 2/3rds of femur
Insertion: quadriceps tedon and tibial tuberosity
What movement does vastus intermedius produce?
Extension of knee
Where does vastus lateralis originate and insert?
Origin: intertrochanteric line, inferior greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity and lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: quadriceps tendon
What movement does vastus lateralis produce?
Extension of knee joint
Where does adductor longus orginate and insert?
Origin: anterior pubis
Insertion: medial lip of linea asper
What movement does adductor longus produce?
Thigh adduction, flexion and rotation
Where does biceps femoris (short head) originate and insert?
Origin: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar linee and ischium
Insertion: lateral side of head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
What movement does biceps femoris produce?
Extension and lateral rotation of knee and extension of thigh at hip
Where does adductor magnus originate and insert?
Origin: inferior pubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle
What movement does adductor magnus produce?
Thigh adduction, extension and rotation
Where does popliteus originate and insert?
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: upper posterior tibia
What movement does popliteus produce?
Medial rotation and flexion of leg
Where does gastrocnemuis originate and insert?
Origin: above the articular surface of condyles (1 head for each condyle)
Insertion: posterior calcaneus via Achille
What movement does gastrocnemius produce?
flexion of knee and foot
Where does the fibular collateral ligament originate and insert?
Origin: just anove lateral condyle of femur
Insertion: head of fibula
Where does the tibial collateral ligament originate and insert?
Origin: above the medial condyle of femur
Insertion: medial tibial diaphysis
What ligaments are internal?
Cruciate ligaments
Name the cruciate ligaments
Anterior and posterior
Where does the anterior cruciate ligament originate and insert?
Origin: medial/anterior aspect of tibial plateau
Insertion: lateral condyle of femur
Where does posterior cruciate ligament originate and insert?
Origin: posteror intercondylar area of tibia
Insertion: medial femoral condyle
What non-metric trait occurs with the trochanters?
Third trochanter - sits lower and further back than the lesser trochanter
Can the fovea capitis vary in size and shape?
Yes
What non-metric trair affects the femur as a whole?
Femoral bowing
Describe the non-metric traits Allen’s fossa and Poirier’s facet
Allen’s fossa - plaque formation and defects of margin of neck
Poireri’s facet - facet is an extension of the articular facet of head
Describe the non-metric trait anterior femoral neck torsion
It depends on the angle of the femoral head if condyle lie flat - can affect how you walk and make feet point inwards or outwards
Often rectified by the knee joint
