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BIOL1025 - Fundamentals of cell biology and physiology > ribosomes, peroxisomes and lysosomes > Flashcards

ribosomes, peroxisomes and lysosomes Flashcards

1
Q

prokaryotic ribosomes

A

70s ribosomes

50s large subunit + 30s small subunit

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2
Q

eukaryotic ribosomes

A

80s ribosomes

60s large subunit + 40s small subunit

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3
Q

s

A

Svedberg unit - arbitrary unit

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4
Q

what s is base on

A

rate of sedimentation = size of ribosome

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5
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal RNA

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6
Q

what ribosomes comprise of

A

rRNA and ribosomal proteins

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7
Q

prokaryotes 50s large subunit

A

23s + 5s rRNA

34 ribosomal proteins

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8
Q

prokaryotes 30s small subunit

A

16s rRNA

21 ribosomal proteins

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9
Q

eukaryotes 60s large subunit

A

28s + 5.8s + 5s rRNA

around 45 ribosomal proteins

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10
Q

eukaryotes 40s small subunit

A

18s rRNA

around 30 ribosomal proteins

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11
Q

function of ribosomes

A

facilitate polypeptide synthesis

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12
Q

how polypeptide is synthesised

A
  • starts at A-site
  • P-site - amino acid is added onto peptide chain
  • leaves via E-site
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13
Q

ribosome inactivating proteins - RIP

A

ricin - protein/toxin
target GAGA Tetraloop 23s rRNA
2 types

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14
Q

Type 1 RIPs

A

has catalytic A domain
cant cross cell membrane - not cytotoxic
e.g wheat

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15
Q

Type 2 RIPs

A

binding domain = entry of toxin in cell
crosses plasma membrane
N-catalytic A domain-S S-B domain-C

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16
Q

A means in RIPs

A

Active

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17
Q

B means in RIPs

A

Binding

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18
Q

Peroxisomes structure

A

single membrane surrounding

no DNA/ribosomes - encoded by nucleus

19
Q

function of peroxisomes

A

contain oxidative enzymes - e.g. catalase and urate oxidase

import protein from cytosol via ER

20
Q

general equation for peroxisomes

A
  • oxygen remove H atom from organic substrate = H2O2

- catalase - H2O2 oxidise range of compound

21
Q

Importance of H2O2

A
  • In detoxification (phenol) and breakdown of FA to acetyl CoA
22
Q

equation for peroxidation

A

H2O2 + R’H2 –> R’ + 2H2O

23
Q

equation for forming H2O2

A

RH2 + O2 –> R + H2O2

24
Q

Peroxisome Biogenesis and maturation

A
  • budding of vesicles from ER
  • import proteins which recruit peroxisome proteins
  • C-terminal Ser-Lys-Leu signal sequence
25
Q

how peroxisomes replicate

A

They undergo fission to replicate

26
Q

endosomes

A

intracellular sorting organelles

responsible for engulf and maintaining

27
Q

early endosomes

A

molecules internalised from extracellular space that have fused
able to mature into late endosomes

28
Q

function of endosome

A

able to fuse with vesicles from Golgi to deliver material to lysosomes

29
Q

lysosomes environment

A

acidic - pH 4-5

allow enzymes to be active

30
Q

enzymes in lysosomes

A

different enzymes for different function

31
Q

phagocytosis and endocytosis

A

enclose extracellular entities

32
Q

during phagocytosis

A

phagosome fuses with lysosomes causing bacteria in phagosome to be broken down

33
Q

Autophagy

A

digestion of self content

34
Q

does lysosomes digest themselves??

A

no, as adapted membrane has glycosylated proteins

35
Q

membrane transporters function

A

remove and recycle/excrete product

36
Q

function of vacuolar H+ ATPase

A

hydrolyses ATP and pumps H+ into lysosomes

37
Q

vacuole

A

fluid filled - regulate pressure
containing hydrolytic enzyme - recycling function
similar to lysosomes

38
Q

function of vacuole

A

regulate pH in cell - pump H+ in and out
provide turgor pressure regulation
stores nutrient and waste

39
Q

vacuole in plant and fungal cell

A

contain one or more vacuoles

40
Q

protease

A

digest protein

41
Q

nuclease

A

digest nucleic acid

42
Q

phospholipase

A

digests lipids

43
Q

phosphatase

A

digest phosphate groups

44
Q

sulfatase

A

catalyses hydrolysis of sulfate esters of complex macromolecules
e.g. glycosaminoglycans

BIOL1025 - Fundamentals of cell biology and physiology (21 decks)

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