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BIOL1025 - Fundamentals of cell biology and physiology > Endocrinology (5) - reproduction > Flashcards

Endocrinology (5) - reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

GnRH - gonadotropin RH - function

A

hits gonadotrope in Ant. Pit = LH and FSH - binds to Gonads makes /modify main sex steroids

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2
Q

example of sex steroids and function

A

oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone

sexual development, gamete maturation, reproduction, other tissues with various effects

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3
Q

male - GnRH production rates

A

pulsatile (circhoral)

rate of pulse = hormone produce(majority)

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4
Q

male - too high or no GnRH

A

downward pathway stops

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5
Q

male - LH and FSH bind to certain cells and its function

A

LH - Leydig cells
FSH - Sertoli cells
increases masculinisation and spermatogenesis

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6
Q

testicles consist of

A

septum - has seminiferous tubules - backed up in capsular region

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7
Q

forming mature sperm

A

immature sperm in tubules pushed through testis to efferent ductile to epididymis + liquid and by tail of epididymis - motile and mature

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8
Q

spermatogenesis

A

in seminiferous tubule - whole process of sperm maturation

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9
Q

spermiogenesis

A

differentiation of 1n cells - in tail etc - last step

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10
Q

Sertoli cells - nurse cells

A

cells in capsule - germ cells (mitosis) 90 degrees towards centre
= primary spermatocytes - leaves BM and enter mitotic stage

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11
Q

basal compartment

A

within barrier from barrier from blood supply - blood testis barrier intact

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12
Q

hormonal level - Leydig cell

A

LH bind - cholesterol desmolase (on) = progesterone and alpha 17 hydroxylase
= testosterone - 5mg/day
+ androstenedione - lipid soluble - release and diffuse into Sertoli cells

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13
Q

hormonal level - Sertoli cell

A

FSH bind - androgen receptor on - testosterone bind =5aR
= decrease testosterone = dihydrotestosterone - strong androgen x5 more potent
drive secondary male reproductive organ formation

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14
Q

role of testosterone

A

non- reproductive - anabolic affects and androgenic effects (sex organ)
activate genes in Sertoli cells - spermatogenesis differentiation and mitosis and meiosis
-ve feedback - decrease GnRH and FSH and LH - Ant. Pit. - directly and indirectly

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15
Q

female hormone - sections

A

follicular/ proliferation

luteal stage

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16
Q

first stage - follicular

A

GnRH pulse generator in hypo - circhoral

frequency of pulse = which H is dominant

17
Q

female - LH and FSH bind to

A

LH - Thecal cells

FSH - glomerulosa cells

18
Q

ovarian follicle growth signal

A

drive every month - 10 to 25 oocyte

19
Q

primary follicle

A

granulosa cells surround oocyte

20
Q

secondary follicle

A

thecal cell surrounds primary follicle

21
Q

Graafian follicle

A

mature fully grown follicle - one per month and has central hole

22
Q

atresia

A

most oocytes/follicles die during growth

23
Q

Thecal cell

A

LH bind

cholesterol desmolase and alpha 17 hydroxylase (on) = androstenedione and testosterone - released into body as well

24
Q

Granulosa cells (close to thecal cells)

A

FSH binds
aromatase gene (on) - oestrogen synthetase
takes androstenedione and testosterone - modify ring
= 17-beta-estrodial

25
Q

functions of 17b-estrodial

A

non-reproductive - bone health
growth of cells
production of FSH and LH receptors at granulosa cells
decrease in GnRH and FSH and LH - -ve feedback

26
Q

17b-estrodial - growth of cells function

A

growth of uterus and cell division - granulosa cells

27
Q

17b-estrodial - production of FSH and LH receptors

A

stimulate granulosa cells to make more FSH and LH receptors

FSH - increase 17b-estrodial - +ve feedback

28
Q

more than one follicle

A

multiple pregnancies
increase chance when women at >40
genetic - poor regulation of FSH - fail -ve feedback loop

29
Q

ovulation causes on hormones - LH

A

increase LH and estrodial in -ve feedback loop - increase GnRH release = +ve feedback
= increase LH (and FSH) = ovulation - dominant follicle ruptures and release oocyte in tract

30
Q

luteal stage

A

follicle left - follicular cell changes and granulosa cell expands - alter biology and biochemistry = corpus luteum

31
Q

more than 2 CL (corpus luteum)

A

-ve feedback and FSH competition

= >1 oocyte released - artificial superovulation - IVF

BIOL1025 - Fundamentals of cell biology and physiology (21 decks)

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