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BIOL1025 - Fundamentals of cell biology and physiology > Chloroplast and photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chloroplast and photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

photosynthesis description

A

main source of new energy

efficiency 4.5% max and 1-2% actual

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2
Q

energy cycle

A

water with solar energy + photosynthesis light reaction and leaving oxygen
=4H+ + 4e- organic molecule

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3
Q

energy cycle reverse

A

4H+ + 4e- go to combustion and respiration and oxygen and leaving energy

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4
Q

overall equation in energy cycle

A

CO2 + 2H2O -> (CH2O) + O2 + H2O

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5
Q

light reaction use..

A

intermediate store of energy - C reaction

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6
Q

intermediate energy

A

ATP and NADPH

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7
Q

light reaction z-scheme

A 
converting light (photons) - chemical energy
process of electron movement from PSII to PSI
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8
Q

PSII function

A

donation of electron to quinone result in charge separation across membrane - splitting water

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9
Q

electrons in PSII

A

reduce oxidised chlorophyll from charge separation

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10
Q

reaction centre in PSII

A

light excites electrons to primary electron acceptor

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11
Q

quinone in PSII

A

become strong reducing agent (electron donor)

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12
Q

chlorophyll in PSII

A

strong oxidising agent (electron acceptor)

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13
Q

organisation in PSII

A

reaction centre pair of chl a with slightly lower energy

held by D1/D2

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14
Q

D1/D2 protein in PSII

A

damaged therefore it is constantly replaced

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15
Q

parts of electron transport chain

A

pheophytin
plastoquinone
cytochrome b{E}f complex
Plastocyanin(PC)

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16
Q

pheophytin

A

modified chlorophyll (no Mg)

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17
Q

plastoquinone

A

small lipid soluble molecule

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18
Q

cytochrome b{e}f complex

A

2 beta-type + f cytochromes and Fe-S protein

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19
Q

chlorophyll - ground state

A

energy in Chl captured

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20
Q

PSII found in

A

chloroplast and cyanobacteria = oxygenation of planet

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21
Q

PSI

A

takes electron from PSII - used to generate energy rich compound - NADPH

22
Q

PSI - ferredoxin

A

small, water soluble, Fe-S protein

feed electrons to FNR

23
Q

FNR

A

ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase

24
Q

FNR function

A

enzyme, reducing NADP+ - NADPH

25
Q

plastocyanin - PSI

A

passes electron to P700

26
Q

phosphorylation

A

light dependent ATP generated via formation of electrochemical H+ proton
H+ travel down gradient generate ATP (use ATP synthase)

27
Q

light reaction of photosynthesis - antenna complex

A

light-harvesting antenna complex

increase efficiency

28
Q

action spectrum

A

how efficient wavelength of light are absorbed

29
Q

more pigments

A

increases range of wavelength of light are absorbed

30
Q

reaction of centre function - pigment

A

absorb only 1 photon/sec

not enough for charge separation and photosynthesis

31
Q

received extra energy from other molecules - stages

A

carotenoid to chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a to P680*

32
Q

function stages in received extra energy

A

pass resonance energy transfer to P680

33
Q

structure- tetrapyrrole

A

has a lipid attached so they are able to sit in thylakoid membrane

34
Q

ATP synthase

A

CF{0}-CF{1}

large enzyme complex

35
Q

CF{0}

A

in membrane - spins

36
Q

CF{1}

A

out of membrane

37
Q

ATP synthase production

A

4 protons per ATP

38
Q

linear phosphorylation

A

have H+ during PSII and PSI

back though ATP synthase and used NADP and H+

39
Q

what is required in Calvin/ Calvin-Benson cycle

A

13 steps

13 enzymes

40
Q

what is required from CO2 to G3P

A

uses intermediate molecules ATP and NADPH

41
Q

cycle of dark reaction

A

RuBP + C = 3 phosphoglycerate by Rubisco
ATP + 3 phosphoglycerate = 1,3-bisphosphateglycerate
+ NADPH = G3P - C is taken to make G3P sugar
G3P(5c) with ATP = RuBP

42
Q

1 molecule of G3P requires

A

9ATP and 6NADPH

43
Q

Rubisco

A

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxyl oxygenase

44
Q

Rubisco function

A

converts 1,5-bisphosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate

ability to use oxygen and carbon dioxide

45
Q

rubisco - structure

A 
8 large (56kDa) subunit
8 small (14kDa) subunit
46
Q

large subunit encoded

A

by plastid

47
Q

small subunit encoded

A

by nuclear genomes

48
Q

problem of rubisco

A

able to use oxygen instead of carbon dioxide

recovering oxygen - energetically costly

49
Q

Rubisco when temperature increase

A

increase problem

50
Q

why it increase temperature is bad

A

stomata close prevents water loss = decrease gas exchange and availability of carbon dioxide

51
Q

decrease gas exchange and availability of carbon dioxide causes

A

increase in rubisco activity but affinity of carbon dioxide decrease - more oxygen used

52
Q

in Maze

A

has C4

store carbon dioxide in leaves therefore more efficient

BIOL1025 - Fundamentals of cell biology and physiology (21 decks)

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