Plastid (include Chloroplast) Flashcards

1
Q

plastid

A

membrane-bound organelles in cells (plant, algae etc)

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2
Q

example in plastid

A

chloroplast - predominant type in leaves and other aerial tissues

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3
Q

thylakoid

A

interconnected and closed continuum

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4
Q

thylakoid - contain

A

granum disks and multiple (stack) and stroma lamella

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5
Q

granum

A

spiral formation

budding of each side

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6
Q

chloroplast synthesises

A

purine and pyrimidine
FA and lipids
isoprenoids

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7
Q

isoprenoids

A

plant hormones (GA)
abscisic acid
strigolactones
haem

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8
Q

Haem

A

Tetrapyrrole

for cytochrome, peroxidase, catalase

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9
Q

reduction of nitrile and sulphate

A

nitrogen fixation - conversion of inorganic N

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10
Q

types of plastids

A
proplastid
chromoplast
amyloplast
leucoplast
elaioplast
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11
Q

proplastid

A

precursor of all plastids found in young meristematic region

divide at pace with cell division - continuity

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12
Q

chromoplast

A

non-photosynthetic , crystalline/needle structure

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13
Q

amyloplast

A

starch-storing - non-green tissue

e.g. potato tubers

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14
Q

leucoplast

A

involved in oil and lipid synthesis - plastoglobuli

varies in appearance and often surrounded by ER membrane

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15
Q

plastoglobuli

A

electron dense particles

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16
Q

elaioplast

A

had rounded and angular lipid bodies - store sterol esters

17
Q

found elaioplast

A

cell surrounding tapetum - develops pollen

18
Q

tapetum

A

anther cavity

19
Q

needle shape chromoplast

A

in birds of paradise flowers

20
Q

chromoplast contain

A

carotenoid e.g. carotene, xanthophyll for colour

21
Q

GA - plant hormone

A

gibberellic acid

22
Q

tapetum

A

anther cavity

23
Q

size and no. plastids

A

5-8μm long and 3-4μm thick

24
Q

correlation of size and number of plastid

A

increase in size = decreases number of plastid

25
Arabidopsis mesophyll
around 120 | 87 hypothetical proteins encoded
26
features of plastid
has internal membrane structure reduced genome translation reproduced by division
27
translation - protein synthesis uses
prokaryotic-like ribosomes
28
primary endosymbiotic event
form red algae, glaucocystophytes and green algae(land plants)
29
endosymbiosis
ancestral host cell engulf cyanobacterium gene is lost in nucleus - leakiness in chloroplast - divide and burst DNA goes to nucleus
30
engulfing cyanobacterium
its membrane and double membrane present but one of them gets lost
31
after DNA enters nucleus during endosymbiosis
integrates to nucleogenomes and new proteins are produced
32
translation of mRNA in cytoplasm with chaperone and target sequence at end terminus
N-terminal transit peptides | able to tell protein destination to and after going to chloroplast
33
tic-toc complex
translocon tic- translocon of inner chloroplast membrane toc - translocon of outer chloroplast membrane
34
Tim-tom complex
in outer of mitochondria
35
example of endosymbiosis
algae - chloroplast | able to engulf
36
example of plastid present in non-plant | large group intracellular
parasite - includes plasmodium falciparum causing malaria
37
plant plastid size and number
120-160kb | with 60-200 genes
38
reduced genome
single circular DNA size - 89kb to 400kb organised in polycistronic transcriptional unit contain multiple copies of genome (<150)
39
gymnosperms
only plastid that divide paternally - inherited