Cytoskeleton part 2

Question 1

association of organelles and other cytoplasmic components with cytoskeleton

Answer 1

moves in straight lines

Question 2

Role of cytoskeleton

Answer 2

organising and controlling movement of some organelles

Question 3

saltatory movement

Answer 3

rapid bursts then pauses

Question 4

cellulose biosynthesis

Answer 4

protein complexes moves straight lines along filamentous pathway

Question 5

cytosolic ribosomes

Answer 5

found associated with protein filaments

Question 6

soluble enzymes

Answer 6

found in association with actin filaments in myofibrils and in stress fibres of fibroblasts

Question 7

motor proteins

Answer 7

microtubules motor using ATP derived energy

Question 8

2 groups of motor proteins

Answer 8

kinesin and dyneins

Question 9

kinesin

Answer 9

move to positive end

Question 10

dynein

Answer 10

moves to negative end

Question 11

examples of movement along MT

Answer 11

for transporting vesicles

integrity and reassembly of Golgi apparatus

Question 12

2 conformation that alternates motor protein

Answer 12

conformation stabilised by bound ATP, other by ADP and hydrolysis

Question 13

dynein function

Answer 13

cycling of conformational changes allow ‘shuffling’ along filament

Question 14

microtubule provide tracks for…

Answer 14

movement of vesicles along axons

Question 15

anterograde transport

Answer 15

movement from negative to positive from cell body

Question 16

retrograde transport

Answer 16

movement from positive to negative from axons - return

Question 17

time take during rapid transport

Answer 17

3mm/s , 250mm/day

Question 18

slow transport

Answer 18

1mm/day

Question 19

directionality of movement

Answer 19

due to polarity from positive to negative end in MT and MF

Question 20

movement without polarity

Answer 20

motor proteins move randomly

Question 21

globular head region

Answer 21

engages filaments and actively moves along it

Question 22

tail region

Answer 22

point attachment of motor protein and its cargo

Question 23

power stroke

Answer 23

ATP hydrolysis - conformational change
thrusting head backwards - tension in tail
tail and cargo moves forward

Question 24

recovery stroke

Answer 24

occurs when protein loosely attached to filaments

head slides along by thermal motion/diffusion

Question 25

what all stroke powered by

Answer 25

hydrolysis

Question 26

kinesins contain

Answer 26

dimer of heavy and light chain = tetrameric structure

Question 27

3 domain

Answer 27

large globular head stalk small globular head

Question 28

myosin function

Answer 28

as motor protein on actin filaments

Question 29

myosin V

Answer 29

vesicles and organelle transport

Question 30

myosin XI

Answer 30

movement - cytoplasmic streaming

Question 31

mobility and cytoskeleton requires

Answer 31

anchorage | active cytoskeleton

Question 32

function of mobility and cytoskeleton

Answer 32

able to anchor itself in body - other extracellular components net synthesis at leading edge, retraction at other end

Question 33

actin filaments in migrating cells

Answer 33

organisation varies significantly in different areas of cell

Question 34

leading edge

Answer 34

more organised and elongate forming net migration

Question 35

cilia diameter

Answer 35

200nm in diameter

Question 36

A tubule in cilia

Answer 36

has 13 protofilaments

Question 37

B tubule in cilia

Answer 37

has 10/11 protofilaments

Question 38

central pair in cilia

Answer 38

13 protofilaments

Question 39

9 + 2 pattern

Answer 39

9 (made from A and B tubule) around the outside and 2 complete MT

Question 40

how cilium moves - primary force

Answer 40

ATP driven cyclic movement of ciliary dynein

Question 41

cytoskeletons in cell division

Answer 41

for position, control of MT | have accurate partitioning of chromosomes division

Question 42

membrane - cytoskeleton interaction

Answer 42

connectivity from outside to inside

Question 43

method of interacting between cytoskeleton and plasma membrane

Answer 43

indirect vie specific group of actin binding protein

Question 44

Ezrrin-Radixin Moesin

Answer 44

signal activation of ERM interaction with actin

Question 45

signal causes

Answer 45

dissociation between MF and transmembrane protein binding

Question 46

extracellular component

Answer 46

interact indirectly vis integrin bind to talin - indirectly attach to actin

Question 47

cytoskeletal disorder

Answer 47

muscle cell membrane, dystrophin, dystrophin associated protein complex

Question 48

dystrophin

Answer 48

inside of cell and binds actin and N-terminus

Question 49

different mutation

Answer 49

causes different muscular dystrophin

Question 50

type 1 interaction

Answer 50

ABPs bind to membrane via interaction with lipd

Question 51

type 2 interaction

Answer 51

integral membrane proteins

Question 52

type 3 interaction

Answer 52

ABPs that associate with integral membrane protein

Question 53

outer doublet in cilium

Answer 53

A and B tubules