Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL1025 - Fundamentals of cell biology and physiology > cell cycle lecture 1 > Flashcards

cell cycle lecture 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell replication occur via elaborate series of events - stages

A

S and M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stage S of cell replication

A

DNA synthesis - replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stage M

A

divide and distribute into 2 daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

difference between Xenopus and Drosophilia embryo

A

Drosphoilis embryo does not have cytokinesis so membrane does not separate nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chromatin - contain

A

complex of histones, non-histone proteins and nuclear DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

chromatin function

A

DNA compaction and involved in regulation of DNA activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nucleosome contain

A

DNA and protein (4 histones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nucleosome

A

basic structural units of chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

histone contain

A

tails - no specific structure

has 2 functional domain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 functional domains in histones

A

amino-terminal

histone fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

histone folds

A

interacting with each other to form dimers

has a hand-shake like interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

histone octamer

A

formed from dimers H3-H4 and H2A-H2B - 2 copies of each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

linker histones function

A

bind to DNA and nucleosome core

changes path of DNA that exits nucleosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DNA exiting nucleosome

A

affects linker DNA accessibility

organisation of higher order chromatin fibre and chromatin compaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

30nm fibre

A

found in in vitro but not in in vivo

interphase nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

11nm fibre

A

beads on a string

unpacked/decondensed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

unknown form of 30nm fibre

A

zig-zag model

determined by x-ray crystallography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

non-histone protein function

A

binds to areas of chromatin

play regulatory role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

non-histone protein structural function

A

50% protein mass of nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

higher order organisation of chromatin

A

chromatin arranged in loops and from higher loops

21
Q

protein used in the higher order organised chromatin

A

CTCF and Cohesin

22
Q

CTCF

A

protein that binds to DNA

23
Q

Cohesin

A

4 proteins that circles the DNA keeps loop strands

regulate size of loop

24
Q

TADs

A

topologically associating domain

groups of loops

25
Q

compartments

A

grouped TADS

can be transcriptionally active or inactive

26
Q

compartments belong to

A

individual chromosomal territories - occupied by single chromosomes decondensed after mitosis

27
Q

staining individual chromosomes

A

using fluorescent staining

multi-colour FISH

28
Q

visualising chromosomes shown

A

occupied certain areas of nucleus during interphase

not random

29
Q

placement of chromosome territories

A

some towards periphery - nuclear membrane and other towards centre of nucleus

30
Q

patterns of chromosome arrangement

A

specific to both cell and tissue type

31
Q

structure of mitotic chromosomes during mitosis

A

differs from organisation of interphase chromosome

32
Q

structure of mitotic chromosomes during metaphase

A

individual chromatid containing 1DNA molecule

joined by centromere

33
Q

region where DNA ends

A

telomeres

34
Q

organisation of folding of DNA

A 
DNA sequence  - 2nm
beads of string - 11nm
chromatin fibre - 30nm
folded into loops - 700nm
entire mitotic chromosome - 1400nm
35
Q

condensin

A

multiprotein complex

36
Q

condensin function

A

compresses fibres

37
Q

condensing list using condensin complex

A

linear fibres
linear looping
axial compression
lateral compression

38
Q

formation of chromatin looping in mitotic chromosomes

A

randomly formed

39
Q

looping structure

A

scaffolding through the centre of chromatid

40
Q

loops in interphase and mitosis

A

loops have different formations in interphase

41
Q

cohesin

A

organises interphase genome

42
Q

codensin

A

organises genomes during mitosis

43
Q

G1 phase

A

cell cycle gap phase between M and S phase

44
Q

G2

A

cell cycle gap phase between S to M phase

45
Q

interphase

A

period between end of M phase and beginning of the next

46
Q

mitosis

A

nuclear division in early M phase - duplicated chromosomes are segregated by mitotic spindle and package into nuclei

47
Q

cytokinesis

A

cell division

in late M phase - duplicated nuclei cytoplasmic components are distributed into daughter cells

48
Q

M phase

A

duplicate chromosomes segregated and packages into daughter nuclei and distributed into daughter cells

49
Q

S phase

A

DNA replication and chromosomes duplication occurs

BIOL1025 - Fundamentals of cell biology and physiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions