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French Wine Scholar 2023 > Rhone * > Flashcards

Rhone * Flashcards

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1
Q

Which areas surround Rhone?

A

Going clockwise…to the
North=Lyon and Beaujolais
East=Prealps
South=Provence and Languedoc
West=Massif Central

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2
Q

How long is the Rhone river in Rhone

A

192km from Vienne to the sea

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3
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the Rhone?

A

1 Northern Rhone: Vienne to Valence 72km
2 Southern Rhone: Montelimar to Nimes
3 Les Cotes du Rhone: Vienne to Avignon (except cru areas)

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4
Q

What two common factors affect the climate in Northern and Southern Rhone

A

Rhone river
Mistral

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5
Q

Describe the typical vineyard of northern Rhone

A

Terraced steep slopes (S, SE facing for sun)
Banks of Rhone
Syrah Guyot trained to tee-pee stakes (=echelas)
Individual family holdings
Manual harvesting
Bottlings by negociants
Stones from top of hill replaced after harvest

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6
Q

Describe the typical vineyard of southern Rhone

A

Vineyards on flatter land
Vines grow south flattened by Mistral
Grenache grown on Gobelet, untrellised, close to ground
Co-ops

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7
Q

Describe the climate of the Northern Rhone

A

Sunny
Continental with some Med influence
Mistral
Cooler than S Rhone

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8
Q

What are the typical soils of Northern Rhone

A

Granite subsoil
Mica schist topsoil - poor nutrients

Crozes Hermitage= Galets, clay, loess/molasse
Hermitage=Granite with some clay and sand

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9
Q

Which are the 3 main white grapes of Northern Rhone

A

Viognier, Marsanne, Roussane

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10
Q

What are the main characteristics of Viognier

A

Aromatic
Adds perfume
Helps set colour
Blending partner to reds

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11
Q

What are the main characteristics of Marsanne

A

Full bodied
Aromatic complexity
Softens tannins
Can flab
Blending partner to reds
Not allowed in CNdP

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12
Q

What are the main characteristics of Roussanne

A

Adds perfume
Lower quality than Marsanne and not as hardy
Russet skin tones
Blending partner to reds
Allowed in CNdP

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13
Q

What are the main characteristics of Syrah

A

Productive, disease resistant,
Reductive
Pepper spice
Ages well

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14
Q

What aging vessels are used in Northern Rhone

A

Red=beton (=concrete), inox (=SS0 or foudres (large wooden casks)
White=neutral vessels as for fermentation or some oak

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15
Q

What are the common characteristics of the 8 AOCs of Northern Rhone

A

1 All lie in Cotes du Rhone production area
2 Each considered a cru
3 None authorised to make rose

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16
Q

Which are the 8 AOCs of Northern Rhone

A

1 Cote Rotie
2 Condrieu
3 Chateau Grillet
4 Saint-Joseph
5 Cornas
6 Saint-Peray
7 Hermitage
8 Crozes-Hermitage

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17
Q

What are the main points to remember about Cote Rotie

A

Red wines
20% Viognier may be added
Some steepest slopes in France
Right bank

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18
Q

What are the main points to remember about Condrieu

A

White wines - dry and sweet (rare)
Viognier
Right bank

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19
Q

What are the main points to remember about Chateau Grillet

A

Dry white
Viognier
2 yrs aging
Right bank
One of only 2 monpoles (single owner AOC) outside Burgundy

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20
Q

What are the main points to remember about Saint Joseph

A

Dry red (86%) and dry white (14%)
Quality varies with aspect
Matures more quickly than other N Rhone crus
Right bank

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21
Q

What are the main points to remember about Cornas

A

Red, 100% Syrah
“Burned Earth”
Right bank

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22
Q

What are the main points to remember about Saint Peray

A

Dry white, some sparkling
Marsanne and Roussanne
Some Steep slopes of deep valley
Right bank

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23
Q

What are the main points to remember about Hermitage

A

Red (2/3), dry white, Vin de Paille
Syrah, Marsanne, Roussanne
One of oldest vineyards
Numerous lieux-dits
Long lived
White may be co-fermented with red
Left bank

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24
Q

What are the main points to remember about Crozes-Hermitage

A

Largest cru
Red and dry white
Varied soils
White co-fermented with red
Lighter, faster maturing than Hermitage

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25
Q

Which northern Rhone winemaking area lies outside the Cotes du Rhone zone of production

A

The Diois - four AOCs around the town of Die

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26
Q

Specify the climate, topography, soils, wine style and primary grape in the Diois

A

For Clairette de Die ( =96% production)
Continental climate with alpine influence
Large seasonal and diurnal variation
High vineyards
Limestone and clay
Sparkling white and rose
Clairette and Clairette Rose (ancestral/traditional method)

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27
Q

What is the general climate of the Southern Rhone

A

Mediterranean
Sunny
Average 700mm rain
Mistral
Mountains of Dentelles de Montmirail and Mount Ventoux
Drought in summer

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28
Q

What is the topography of Southern Rhone

A

Broad rocky plains
Rugged mountains
Landscape resulted from glaciers and when Alps were formed

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29
Q

What are the 5 main soil types of the Southern Rhone

A

1 Rounded river stones (Galets)
2 Limestone (Garrigue)
3 Sandstone
4 Clay
5 Loess/Molasse (windblown silts and sands)

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30
Q

How many authorised grape varieties are there in the Southern Rhone -

and how many are responsible for 94% of production

A

over 30

Top 6

Grenache, Syrah, Carignan, Mourvedre, Cinsault, Grenache Blanc

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31
Q

How many grape varieites can be included in Cotes du Rhone AOC

A

23

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32
Q

What are the 6 major white grapes of the Southern Rhone

A

Alphabetically

1 Bourboulenc - high acidity
2 Clairette - big leaves protect from sun
3 Grenache Blanc - main grape, oxidative
4 Marsanne
5 Rousanne
6 Viognier

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33
Q

What are the 3 main red grapes of the Southern Rhone

A

1 Grenache - high alcohol, tolerates heat, low alcohol, oxidative
2 Syrah - higher acidity and tannins
3 Mourvedre - adds acid, colour, tannins, alcohol

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34
Q

What is the traditional VTS of the Southern Rhone

A

Gobelot

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35
Q

What VTS do new vineyards in the Southern Rhone use?

A

Trellis with Guyot training

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36
Q

How have viticultural practices changed because of climate change

A

Lack of ground water to irrigate
Sustainable viticulture
New varieties - drought/heat resistant
Canopy management/ shade panels to prevent scorching
Adjust to increased alcohol levels
Pick earlier
Plant higher

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37
Q

How has blending changed in Southern Rhone

A

Previously pick field blend and co-ferment
Now harvest and vinify each variety separately

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38
Q

What aging vessels are used in Southern Rhone

A

Red=beton (=concrete), inox (=SS0 or foudres (large wooden casks)
White=neutral vessels as for fermentation or some oak

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39
Q

Which is more subject to vintage variation - Northern or Southern Rhone

A

Northern Rhone

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40
Q

What is the hierarchy of Cotes du Rhone

A

1 Cotes du Rhone AOC
2 Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC
3 Cotes du Rhone Villages + Village Name AOC
4 Crus

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41
Q

Out of the 300 wine producing villages in Cotes du Rhone, how many are with the CdR AOC, and how many can put their village name on the label

A

171, 22

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42
Q

How many Southern Rhone crus are there

A

9

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43
Q

What is the minimum for GSM in Cotes du Rhone red and rose

A

60%, Grenache mandatory

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44
Q

What is the minimum for GSM in Cotes du Rhone Villages red

A

66% must be at least 2 of GSM and one must be Grenache

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45
Q

What is the core white blend of the Southern Rhone

A

Grenache Blanc, Bourboulenc, Clairette, Marsanne and Rousanne

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46
Q

What is the core red blend of the Southern Rhone

A

Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre

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47
Q

Which are the 3 cru AOCs of the North east Southern Rhone

A

Vinsobres, Rasteau and Cairanne

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48
Q

Which are the 3 cru AOCs of the Southern Rhone which are in the foothills of the Dentelles de Montmiral

A

Gigondas, Vacqueyras and Beaumes de Venise

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49
Q

Which are the 3 cru AOCs that lie on the open valley floor of the Southern Rhone

A

Chateauneuf du Pape, Lirac, Tavel

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50
Q

Which two Southern Rhone AOCs produce fortified sweet wines

A

Rasteau and Beaumes de Venise

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51
Q

Which are the 3 main cru AOCs of the Southern Rhone which are not in the cotes du Rhone zone of production

A

Ventoux, Luberon and Costieres de Nimes

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52
Q

What are the main points to remember about Vinsobres

A

Red only
Terraced
Gravel limestone
30% Organic/sustainable
GSM

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53
Q

What are the main points to remember about Rasteau

A

Red and fortifieds
Reds GSM
Unique mesoclimate
South facing ampitheatre
Marl, clay, sand, gravel
Known for fortified
-Min sweetness 4.5%
-all styles
-Grenache at least 90%
-aging (ex roses)

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54
Q

What are the main points to remember about Cairanne

A

New AOC 2018
Stony pebbles
GSM Reds
Clairette white blends
50% exported

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55
Q

What are the main points to remember about Gigondas

A

Red and rose
North west, west facing vineyards
Marl, limestone, sand
GSM - fresh but structured
Hardly any rose

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56
Q

What are the main points to remember about Vacqueyras

A

DryWhite, rose and red
Foothills of Dentelles
Warmer than Gigondas
Complex soils
GSM

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57
Q

What are the main points to remember about Beaumes de Venise

A

Foothills of Dentelles = windbreak
Marl, limestone, clay
GSM
Also VDN from Muscat

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58
Q

What are the main points to remember about Chateauneuf-du-Pape

A

Drywhites and reds
Largest Southern Rhone Cru
13 grape types (18 with colour variations)
Limestone, clay, sandstone, galets
One of Least restrictive AOCs in France
50% exported

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59
Q

What are the main points to remember about Tavel

A

Rose production only
9 grapes (15 with colour variations)
No one more than 60% - must have Grenache
Limestone, sand, galets
Vinification by maceration only

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60
Q

What % of Grenache must be in White/rose Rasteau VDN

A

At least 90%

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61
Q

When are white Rasteau VDN released and what is special for ambre (oxidative)

A

1 May in year after harvest
More than 3/12 in bottle

For ambre 1 March in 3rd year after harvest

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62
Q

What 2 styles are red Rasteau VDNs

A

Grenat (reductive) or Tuile (oxidative)

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63
Q

What is the minimum Grenache in red Rasteau VDN

A

> 75% Grenache Noir
90% All types Grenache

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64
Q

What is the aging time for red Rasteau VDN (both styles)

A

Grenat= 1 May in year after harvest
More than 3/12 in bottle

Tuile= 1 March in 3rd year after harvest

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65
Q

What does hor’s d’age mean for Rasteau VDN

A

5 years of oxidative aging

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66
Q

What does rancio mean for Rasteau VDN

A

Wines that have achieved a rancio taste

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67
Q

What is the minimum Grenache and aging in rose Rasteau VDN

A

> 90% all types of Grenache
No aging requirement

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68
Q

What style is normal for Beaumes de Venise VDN

A

White, fresh, reductive
Muscat a Petits Grains
>10% sugar
>15% abv

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69
Q

Ventoux, Luberon and Costieres de Nimes lie inside the Cotes du Rhone zone of production - True or False

A

False

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70
Q

What are the 5 main points about Ventoux

A

SE fringes of Rhone
Mostly red and rose
Med with alpine influences
Rose via saignee
Co-ops

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71
Q

What are the 3 main points about Luberon

A

Between Rhone and Provence
More than 50% is rose
Med climate with continental influence

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72
Q

What are the 4 main points about Costieres de Nimes

A

Right bank of Rhone river
Between Rhone and Languedoc
Hot drought summer but cool nights
Syrah dominant
Mostly red and rose

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73
Q

What parallel north does Rhone lie on

A

Between 44-45

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74
Q

What are the 3 sub-divisions of the Rhone region

A

1 Cotes du Rhone
2 Northern Rhone
3 Southern Rhone

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75
Q

Which is flatter - northern or Southern Rhone

A

Southern Rhone

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76
Q

The Dios vineyards are part of Les Cotes du Rhone area - True or False

A

False

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77
Q

Which feels the Mistral more - Northern or Southern Rhone

A

Northern because the wind funnels through steep narrow slopes

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78
Q

Gallic Celtic tribes were established in the Rhône Valley when traders and settlers arrived from the eastern Mediterranean around what era and who were the newcomers

A

600 BC - Phoceans from Greece/Turkey

Founded Marseille and then traded using Rhone

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79
Q

Who arrived in 121 BC and what did they establish

A

Romans
Vine terraces in Northern Rhone

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80
Q

In the 14th century, the Papal Palace moved from Rome to where

A

Avignon

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81
Q

What is the wine connection to Pope John XXII’s summer residence

A

Chateauneuf-du-Pape

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82
Q

Growers within the Vicariate of Uzès began calling their wines by what name in 17c
- and what idicated their authenticity

A

Coste du Rhone

Regulations were introduced in 1650 to guarantee the origin and the quality of these wines, such was their renown.

Also King Louis XV in 1737

Barrels branded with CDR

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83
Q

Why was Mouvedre slow to be replaced after phylloxera

A

Difficult to graft onot suitable rootstock partner

33%=> 4% plantings

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84
Q

What temperature did the Rhone valley fall to in 1956

A

-15c

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85
Q

Where copies Rhone wine styles

A

California - Rhone Rangers
Australian shiraz/viognier

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86
Q

Who originally planted the vineyards of the Northern Rhône?

Phoenicians

Greeks

Phocaeans

Romans

A

Romans

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87
Q

Whose summer palace was built north of Avignon?

Pope Clement III

Pope John XXII

Pope Benedict XII

Pope Urban V

A

Pope John XXII

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88
Q

What is the main red grape variety of the northern Rhone

A

Syrah

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89
Q

Which are the 3 white grape varieites of the Northern Rhone - often co-fermented with red or seperately made

A

Viognier, Marsanne and Roussanne

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90
Q

What makes Viognier attractive

A

Aromatic
Adds lift and perfume to Syrah

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91
Q

Which is considered finer - Marsanne or Rousanne

A

Marsanne - higher extract,
Roussanne - adds perfume

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92
Q

How many grapes did Inter Rhone record as planted in the Rhone and how many can be used in the wines

A

34 and 23
Inter Rhône – the Rhône Valley’s inter-professional organization – records 34 grape varieties planted throughout the Rhône Valley. Twenty-three of these may be incorporated into the wines of Côtes du Rhône AOC.

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93
Q

What is lacking in Grenache that it needs a blend with Syrah and Mouvedre in Southern Rhone

A

Moderate colour and acid - eg from Syrah

Oxidative - where Syrah and Mourvedre are reductive

Mourvedre brings alcohol, tannin, acid and pigment

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94
Q

Name one of the other red grapes of the Southern Rhone

A

Cinsalut
Carignan
Counoise
Marselan

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95
Q

Name one of the gris grapes used to make rose wines

A

Clairette gris
Grenache Gris
Piquepoul Gris

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96
Q

What are the 6 main white grapes of the southern Rhone and what do they bring to the blend

A

1 Grenache Blanc=Extract/flavour
2 Bourboulenc=High acidity
3 Clairette=large leaves against sunburn
4 Marsanne
5 Rousanne
6 Viognier

7 Muscat aa Petit Grains - for VDN

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97
Q

What benefits does Viognier give when co-fermented with Syrah?
 Select all that apply

Adds body to the wine

Helps with the wine’s color

Adds texture

Adds aroma

Produces a longer lived wine

A

Helps with colour and adds aroma

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98
Q

What makes Clairette a good variety for the Southern Rhône?

Keeps high acidity in hot conditions

Very drought tolerant

Large vine leaves protect grapes from sunburn

Thick skins help prevent sunburn

A

Large vine leaves protect grapes from sunburn

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99
Q

Generally what are the soils of the Northern Rhone

but what is particular about
a) Hermitage
b) Crozes Hermitage

A

Shist and granite

a) Clay and sand
b) Galets, clay and windblown loess/molasse

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100
Q

Match the grape to the soil type

stony/clay and sand
white/red

A

stony=red (Syrah)
caly and sand = white

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101
Q

What is the particular type of VTS in the Northern Rhone for windy sites

A

Echelas and trellis
Teepee of 2/3 stakes over 2 vines

More protection against wind damage in steep vineyards

Otherwise Guyot

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102
Q

What is the solution to slopewash

A

Vignerons carry stones back up the slope after rains

Not required if there are Terraces

103
Q

The AOCs of Northern Rhone normally hand harvest - true or false

A

True

104
Q

What can you say about vintage variation in the Northern Rhone

A

Quite likely
2008=wet
2016=great

105
Q

White wines of the Northern Rhone are typically fermented in neutral vessels but those of Hermitage often spend time in oak - True or False

A

True

106
Q

There are 2 traditional sweet wines from the Northern Rhone - what are they called

A

Condrieu Doux - Vendage Tardive (less than 10%)

Vin de Paille Hermitage - dried Marsanne/Roussanne on straw mats for 6 weeks+

107
Q

Which 2 of these wines are more powerful with denser tannins

Cornas
Cote Rotie
Hermitage
Saint-Joseph

A

Cornas
Hermitage

108
Q

Define beton

A

neutral aging vessels

109
Q

Define inox

A

Stainless steel vats

110
Q

Define foudres

A

Large inert barrels of various sizes

111
Q

Define Demi-muids

A

600 litre oak barrels

112
Q

What does the term échelas refer to in the Northern Rhône?

Stakes used to support vines

Name for fermenting barrels in Côte Rôtie

Large, round rocks in the soils

The tracks used by carts for transporting the harvest up the steep slopes

A

Stakes

113
Q

The dessert wine, Hermitage Vin de Paille is made using grapes that have been?

Frozen

Botryized

Late-harvested

Dried

A

Dried

114
Q

What are the 5 soil types of the Southern Rhone

Initials G, G, S, C, L

A

Galets=Round river stone (CdP)
Garrigue=limestone
Sandstone
Clay
Loess/Molasse=windblown silts -

115
Q

What is the typical VTS of the Southern Rhone

A

Gobelet traitional
Guyot modern

116
Q

Which AOC of the Southern Rhone mandates hand harvesting

A

Beaumes de Venise

117
Q

Name a mountain range near the Southern Rhone

A

Dentelles de Montmirail

118
Q

Describe differences in the viticulture from Southern and Northern Rhone

A

Southern =
Flatter
Gobelet vs Eschelas
Machine vs Hand (ex BdV)
More wide spacing
Irrigation on request
Drought problem soled by water transfer project
Less vintage variation

119
Q

What are producers doing to combat climate change

A

Water transfer project
Higher elevations
Shade panels
Misters
Disease resistant crosses
Later ripening
Drought resistant rootstocks

120
Q

Name an AOC in the Southern Rhone that might age their white wines in oak

A

Chateauneuf-du-Pape

121
Q

What methods are used to make rose wines in the Southern Rhone

A

Saignee
Maceration
Direct press

122
Q

Hostorically Rhone vineyards were planted with a mix of varieties. What is the consequence of this?

A

Harveted and vinifiied together so mostly a blend

Now often vinify seperately

123
Q

Which of these vessels is normally used for aging Southern Rhone red wines
Beton
Demi-muids
Foudres
Inox

A

All of them can be used

124
Q

Define special cuvee in the Southern Rhone

A

Wine made from a particularly good parcel of fruit or small amount vinified slightly differently (eg aged in small oak barrels)

125
Q

Which is the main training method in the Southern Rhône?

Guyot

Gobelet

Cordon

Éventail


A

Gobelot

126
Q

What are these for and names of 4 types used in Rhone
(middle picture)

A

Aging vessels

Inox
Beton
Demi-muid
Foudres

127
Q

The majority of Cotes du Rhone comes from the Northern Rhone - True or False

A

False
All Northern Rhone AOCs can make CdR but few do.
Majority is from the Southern Rhone

128
Q

How many Southern Rhone AOCs are NOT permitted to make CdR

A

7
Ventoux, Luberon, Costières de Nîmes, Côtes du Vivarais, Duché d’Uzès, Grignan-les-Adhémar and Clairette de Bellegarde

129
Q

What % of Rhone production is Cotes du Rhone AOC

A

40%

130
Q

Which city determines different blending rules for CdR depending on whether the location is north or south

A

Montelimar

131
Q

Is the Diois region part of Northern or Southern Rhone

A

Northern - but is NOT part of CdR production

132
Q

How many Cru in Northern and Southern Rhone can be included in the Cotes du Rhone Production zone

A

8 Northern Cru
9 Southern Cru

133
Q

What is the blending requirement for red southern Cotes du Rhone

A

At least 2 of Grenache, Syrah or Mourvedre must be >60%

Grenache is mandatory

134
Q

What is the blending requirement for red northern Cotes du Rhone

A

At least one of Grenache, Syrah or Mourvedre must be >60% of the blend

135
Q

How many villages can make Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC

A

95 (out of 171- and a possible 300 wine making villages in the Rhone)

136
Q

How many villages can make Cotes du Rhone Village and include their village name on the label (DGCs)

A

22
Nyons promoted to DGC
Laudun promoted to AOC

137
Q

How many village AOCs (Crus) are there within the Cotes du Rhone

A

17 (8 in Northern and 9 in Southern)

138
Q

How were Nyons and Laudun promoted

A

Nyons promoted to a DGC
Coted du Rhone Villages named Village

Laudun promoted to an AOC

139
Q

What is the main grape used in a white Cotes du Rhone

A

Grenache Blanc

other main are Bourboulenc, Clairette, Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier

140
Q

Cinsault is often added to which wine to give finesse, perfume and fruit without contributing much tannin or pigment

A

Rose of Cotes du Rhone AOC

141
Q

How does the red blending rule change for reds from Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC

A

A minimum of 66% of blend must be at least 2 of G,S,M and one must be Grenache

142
Q

What is this a list of

Chusclan, Gadagne, Laudun, Massif d’Uchaux, Nyons, Plan de Dieu, Puyméras, Roaix, Rochegude, Rousset-les-Vignes, Sablet, Saint-Andéol, Saint- Gervais, Saint-Maurice, Saint-Pantaléon-les- Vignes, Sainte-Cécile, Séguret, Signargues, Suze- la-Rousse, Vaison-la-Romaine,Valréas and Visan.

A

22 DGCs of Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC

143
Q

Which grape variety must be included in red Côtes du Rhône blends that are vinified south of Montélimar?


Syrah

Mourvèdre

Carignan

Grenache

Cinsaut

Counoise

A

Grenache

144
Q

Which grape variety is usually dominant in white Côtes du Rhône blends from the Southern Rhône?

Bourboulenc

Grenache Blanc

Marsanne

Roussanne

Viognier

A

Grenache Blanc

145
Q

What % of wine production is from the AOCs of the Northern Rhone

A

4%

146
Q

Why are Syrah and Viognier planted in the Northern Rhone

A

Early ripening varieites - as temperature drops earlier in Northern Rhone

147
Q

What are the 8 need to know crus of the Northern Rhone

A

2 steep
Cote Rotie
Condriueu
1 small, 1 large
Chateau Grillet
Saint-Joseph
2 Hermitages
Hemitage
Crozes Hermitage
2 at the end
Cornas
Saint Peray

148
Q

Which wines from Cote Rotie use Viognier

A

Only makes red wines
Can use up to 20% viognier in field blend

149
Q

What is the minium RS for sweet wines of Condrieu

A

4.5%

Only around 5% now sweet
Viognier

150
Q

Which is the smallest AOC in the Northern Rhone

A

Chateau Grillet
Monopole
Dry white only - like Condrieu

24/12 aging on oak

151
Q

Which AOC in the Northern Rhone has wines that mature more quickly

A

Saint Joseph

86% red
>90% Syrah
Can co-ferment with Marsanne/Rousanne

152
Q

Which 3 Northern Rhone Cru AOCs make white and red wines

A

Saint Joseph
Hermitage
Crozes Hermitage

153
Q

Which Northern Rhone Crus only make red wine

A

Cote Rotie
Cornas

154
Q

Which is the largest AOC in the Northern Rhone

A

Crozes Hermitage

155
Q

What is the production split between red and white Hermitage

A

2/3rd red
1/3 white

156
Q

In Crozes Hermitage and Hermitage which grapes can be co-fermented and up to what %

A

Up to 15% Marsanne/Roussanne

157
Q

Which AOC is described as an island of the south in the north

A

Cornas= burnt earth
100% Syrah

158
Q

Which Northern Rhone AOC makes dry and sparkling white only

A

Saint Peray
Cool

159
Q

What type of climate does the Northern Rhône enjoy?


Mediterranean

Maritime

Continental

Temperate

A

Continental

160
Q

The Northern Rhône accounts for what percentage of the Rhône Valley’s production area?


14%

8%

24%

4%

8%

A

4%

161
Q

What do each of the Southern Rhone grapes of GSM bring to the blend

A

Grenache- Brings– Fruit, Juiciness, Acidity, Higher In ABV., Pale In Color

Syrah- Brings– Color/Darkness, Tannin, Spice, Minerality, Lower In Acidity

Mourvedre- Brings– Tannin, Structure, Earthiness, Ageworthiness

162
Q

Which are the 3 Southern Rhone AOCs that lie on the valley floor

A

Chateauneuf-du-Pape
Tavel
Lirac

163
Q

Which are the 3 Southern Rhone AOCs that are NE hilltop towns

A

Vinsobres
Rasteau
Cairanne

164
Q

What are the 3 Southern Rhone villages in the foothills of the Dentelles de Montmirail

A

Gigondas
Vacqueyras
Beaumes de Venise

165
Q

Which is the largest of the Southern Rhone AOCs

A

Chateuaneuf-du-Pape

166
Q

Which AOC of the Southern Rhone is rose only

A

Tavel

Made via maceration (saignee plus)

167
Q

Which of the Southern Rhone AOCs make dry reds and whites

A

Chateauneuf-du-Pape
Lirac

Cairanne

Vacqueyras

168
Q

Which of the Southern Rhone AOCs has galets

A

Chateauneuf-du-Pape and Tavel

169
Q

Which of the Southern Rhone AOCs only makes red wines

A

Vinsobres

Beaumes de Venise

170
Q

In which AOC of Southern Rhone is nearly half exported

A

Cairanne
Makes dry reds and whites

171
Q

Rasteau makes red wines and fortified wines only - True or False

A

True

172
Q

Which Southern Rhone AOCs make rose

A

Lirac
Tavel

Gigondas (mostly red)
Vacqueryras

173
Q

Beaumes de Venise makes fortified wines - True or False

A

False
Beaumes de Venise AOC makes only red wines – Muscat de Beaumes de Venise is a separate AOC

174
Q

What % of Beaumes-de-Venise red wine must be Grenache

A

> 60% must be GSM
Grenache must be in the blend but no %

175
Q

What % of Chateauneuf-du-Pape is exported

A

About 50%

176
Q

Which Southern Rhone AOC is known for poor soils and makes dry white, rose and red wines

A

Lirac

177
Q

Which are the need to Know AOCs of the Southern Rhone which lie outside the Cotes du Rhone zone of production

A

Ventoux
Luberon
Costieres de Nimes

4 more which are not need to know

178
Q

Which is the largest of the ‘other’ Southern Rhone AOCs and is it more red or white or rose?

A

Ventoux
Red over half
Rose 36%
White less than 14%

179
Q

Which ‘other’ Southern Rhone AOC has more rose than red production

A

Luberon

180
Q

Which ‘other’ Southern Rhone AOC has some of the highest temperatures in France

A

Costieres de Nimes

181
Q

What type of climate does the Southern Rhône enjoy?


Mediterranean

Maritime

Continental

Temperate

A

Mediterranean

182
Q

Which of these is the main training method in the Southern Rhône?


Guyot

Cordon

Éventail


Gobelet

Chablis

A

Gobelet

183
Q

Which 2 of the Southern Rhone Cru Villages produce sweet fortified wines VDNs

A

Rasteau
Muscat de Beaumes de Venise

184
Q

Describe the difference between Blanc, Ambre, Grenat and Tuile VDNs in Rasteau

A

Blanc=Reductive, white style use Grenache Blanc and Gris 3/12 aging in bottle

Ambre=Oxidative white, all Grenaches, 1/3, after 3yrs aging

Grenat=Reductive, red style, grenaches, >75% Grenache Noir, 3/12 aging in bottle

Tuile=Oxidative red style, all greanaches, >75% Greanche Noir, 1 March after 3yrs aging

185
Q

What are ‘hors de age’ VDNs in Rasteau

A

5 years of oxidative aging

186
Q

What are ‘rancio’ VDNs in Rasteau

A

Wines aged to achieve a rancio taste

187
Q

Which Rasteau VDN style most closely resembles Muscat de Beaumes de Venise VDN typical style and what is the difference

A

Blanc

butBeaumes use Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc and Rasteau Grenache Blanc

188
Q

What is the minimum alcohol level of a Rasteau VDN and Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise wine?

14%

21%

19%

15%

A

15%

189
Q

A white Rasteau VDN that has been aged until at least 1st March of the 3rd year after harvest is called, what?

Blanc

Hors d’âge

Ambré

Grenat

Tuilé

A

Ambre

190
Q

Where is the Diois region

A

25 mi/40 km southeast of Cornas and marks the southwestern edge of the pre-Alpine region known as the Massif du Vercors.

191
Q

The Diois is one of France’s highest wine regions- True of False

A

True

192
Q

What are the white grapes of the Diois

A

Clairette, Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc, Chardonnay and Aligote

193
Q

What are the red Diois grapes

A

Gamay, Pinot Noir, Syrah and Muscat a Petits Grains Rouge

194
Q

What type of wines is the Diois region best known for

A

White sparkling

Clairette de Die Méthode Dioise Ancestrale)

or the traditional method (Clairette de Die or Crémant de Die).

195
Q

What is the wine responsible for 96% of the Diois production

A

Clairette de Die AOC

196
Q

The Diois enjoys a continental climate – but what other important influences affect the area’s growing conditions?

Mediterranean influences

Oceanic influences

The Mistral wind

Alpine influences

A

Alpine
The alpine influences are from the from the nearby Massif du Vercors.

197
Q

Which Clairette de Die style is normally sweet

A

Clairette de Die Méthode Dioise Ancestrale

198
Q

What is the effect of cool evenings on a vine during the growing season?

A

Cool evenings retain aromas and acidity

Warm evenings lower aromatics
Malic acid breaks down in heat

199
Q

The Rhône Valley is affected by the Mistral – but what is the Mistral?



A hot summer weather pattern

Heavy spring rain

A northerly cooling wind

Harsh autumn frosts


A

Northerly cooling wind

200
Q

Which is the northernmost cru of the Northern Rhône?

Condrieu


Côte Rôtie

Cornas

Saint-Joseph


A

Cote Rotie

201
Q

Which two Rhône AOCs make Vins Doux Naturels?


Rasteau

Vacqueyras

Lirac

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise


A

Rateau and Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

202
Q

Tick all the white grape varieties that can be used in Hermitage AOC?


Marsanne

Roussanne

Viognier

Muscat à Petits Grains Blanc


A

Marsanne and Rousanne

203
Q

Côtes du Rhône Villages AOC can be made in both the Northern and Southern Rhône?
 True or False?

A

False - all in South

204
Q

What is the southernmost AOC in the Rhône valley?


Ventoux

Luberon

Côtes du Vivarais

Costières de Nîmes

A

Costieres de Nimes

205
Q

Which of these soil types is NOT found in Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC?

Limestone

Sandstone

Galets

Granite

A

Granite

206
Q

What wine styles are made in Condrieu?

Red and Dry White

Dry White and Sweet White

Dry White only

Sweet White only

A

Dry and sweet white

207
Q

Which of these grapes is not permitted in the Northern Rhône crus?

Clairette

Marsanne

Roussanne

Viognier


A

Clairette

208
Q

Which of these is the primary grape variety of Clairette de Die Méthode Dioise Ancestrale?

Clairette

Chardonnay

Aligoté

Muscat à Petits Grains

A

Muscat a Petits Grains

209
Q

Which 2 Northern Rhone Cru AOCs are East of the Rhone river

A

Hermitage and Crozes Hermitage

210
Q

Which is the largest of the Crus in the Southern Rhône?


Tavel

Gigondas

Châteauneuf-du-Pape

Beaumes de Venise


Cairanne

A

Chateauneuf-du-Pape

211
Q

Which of these Southern Rhône Cru AOCs only produces Red wine?



Rasteau

Beaumes de Venise


Gigondas

Châteauneuf-du-Pape

A

Beaumes de Venise

212
Q

Which is the odd one out?

Côte Rôtie

Cornas

Vinsobres

Cairanne

Lirac

Gigondas

Ventoux

A

Ventoux
All the others are in the Côtes du Rhône production zone – Ventoux is not.

213
Q

Which is the most planted grape in the Côtes du Rhône area?

Syrah

Grenache

Mourvèdre

Bourboulenc

A

Grenache

214
Q

Of the seven Southern Rhône AOCs outside the Côtes du Rhône AOC area, which has the largest production?


Ventoux

Luberon

Côtes du Vivarais

Duché d’Uzès

Costières de Nîmes


A

Ventoux

215
Q

Which is the principal method of vine training in the Southern Rhône?

Cordon

Guyot

Éventail

Gobelet

A

Gobelet

216
Q

Which Northern Rhône Crus allow the use of Viognier?

Select all that apply

Condrieu

Saint-Joseph

Château-Grillet

Cornas

Hermitage

Côte Rôtie


A

Condrieu, Chateau Grillet, Cote Rotie

217
Q

Which Northern Rhône Cru is known for Sparkling Wine?


Condrieu

Saint-Péray

Saint-Joseph

Cornas

Hermitage

A

Saint Peray

218
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar level for Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise?


10% /100 g/l

15% /150 g/l

20% /200 g/l

8% /80 g/l

A

10%

219
Q

What is the climate of the Northern Rhône?

A

Continental with med influences

220
Q

What is the climate of the Southern Rhône?

A

Mediterranean

221
Q

There is no sparkling wine made in the Rhône Valley.

True or False?

A

False - St Peray and Diois

None in Cotes du Rhone AOCs

222
Q

What is the Mistral

A

Strong wind from North, channels down Rhone

223
Q

The Tavel AOC only produces rosé wines. True or False?

A

True

224
Q

What are galets

A

Round river Stones found near Chateauneuf du Pape

225
Q

Which Rhone appellation is a monopole

A

Chateau Grillet - near to Condrieu

226
Q

Which 2 Southern Rhone Crus are on the right bank of the Rhone river

A

Lirac and Tavel

227
Q

The entire Rhône Valley produces Côtes du Rhône AOC.

True or False?

A

False
There are Rhône Valley appellations outside the Côtes du Rhône zone of production.

228
Q

How do vines benefit from being located in the foothills of the Dentelles de Montmirail?

A

Wind block and sun trap
Cool evenings

229
Q

Which Rhône AOCs produce VDN wines?

A

Muscat de Beaumes de Venise
Rasteau

230
Q

What is the southernmost appellation in the Rhône Valley?

A

Costieres de Nimes

231
Q

Which Rhône AOC’s name means “burned earth” in Celtic?

A

Cornas

232
Q

In which century did the Papacy move to Avignon?

A

14c

233
Q

Which two “other Rhône Valley” appellations have UNESCO recognition?

A

Luberon and Ventoux

234
Q

Which Northern Rhône appellations allow white grape varieties to be co-fermented with Syrah in their red wines?

A

Cote Rotie- Viognier

Hermitage
Crozes Hermitage
St Joseph- Marsanne and Rousanne

235
Q

In which Rhone region does the teperature drop in early autumn

A

Northern Rhone= short ripening window

236
Q

What are the vine threats of the Southern Rhone

A

Heat and drought

237
Q

What are the major grapes of the Diois

A

Clairette
Muscat a Petit Grains
Chardonnay
Aligote

Gamay

238
Q

What position is the Rhone for AOC wine production in France

A

2nd

After Bordeaux, before Loire
2.8m

239
Q

How much of Rhone’s production is bottled as regional Cote du Rhone

A

Almost half

240
Q

What is the most important industry for employment in the Rhone

A

Wine

241
Q

What trends has Rhone seen in is market for
1 Export sales in value
2 Export volume
3 Red wines
4 Rose wines

A

1 Rise 64%
2 Rise 9%
3 Fall 88=>79%
4 Rise 11=>19%

242
Q

Which regions do these measures represent

Montelimar to Nimes
Vienne to Valence
Vienne to Nimes
Vienne to Avignon

A

Southern Rhone
Northern Rhone
Rhone Valley
Cotes du Rhone

243
Q

Which sub-region has the rift valley

A

Northern Rhone

244
Q

Which AOC makes late harvest viognier

A

Condrieu

245
Q

Which AOC makes vin de Paille

A

Hermitage

Chave revived with ripe Marsanne (not later harvested)

246
Q

Which Rhone AOC was the last to be planted with vines

A

Chatueauneuf-du-Pape
- because of stone

Jimmy

247
Q

What are the parents of Syrah

A

Mondeuse blanche and Dureza.

248
Q

What is a parent of Viognier

A

Mondeuse blanche

249
Q

Which Northern Rhone AOC has limestone which would favour white grapes

A

St Peray

250
Q

At what potential abv must VDN grapes be harvested

A

14.5%

251
Q

What volume of 96% grape spirit is added to make VDNs

A

around 5-10%

252
Q

What is the difference between mutage and mutage sur marc

A

Mutage=Spirit is added to a must without solids
Mutage sur marc=Spirit is added to a must with solids (normally only with reds)

253
Q

For VDNs the spirit can be added at one of three points in vinification - describe them

A

1 As grapes are pressed and juice starts to ferment (mutage)

2 Grapes pressed and crushed, spirit added just after maceration and at point of fermentation Mutage

3 Grapes crushed and juice ferments. Spirit added for maceration/fermentation. Mutage sur marc

French Wine Scholar 2023 (23 decks)

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