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French Wine Scholar 2023 > Loire * > Flashcards

Loire * Flashcards

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1
Q

What has been the Dutch impact on the Loire wine industry

A

1600s- Loire became an important supplier of wine to Holland and England.

River trade to Holland

Dutch traders influenced the locals to plant an Increasing percentage of the vineyards with white cuitivars, such as Folle Blanche. Dutch could produce , brandewijn (literally, ‘burnt wine), a Product that was distilled from these grapes and sold to the northern European markets for the next two centuries

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2
Q

Describe the effect of the Loire River on winemaking

A

The river helps to warm/moderate temperature of the vineyards that flank it.
Sand and gravel deposits near river
Ample water

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3
Q

Describe the effect of the Loire River on wine transport

A

River traffic in Roman times
The Loire’s current is so strong that river traffic only flowed in one direction: downriver.
Traffic difficult for a third of the year, as the water level could be low.
For many years, wines travelled in flat-bottomed boats called “gabarres”, ‘sapines” or “auvergnates” to Nantes. On arrival, the boats were disassembled and used for building material.

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4
Q

What are main tributaries of Loire

A

Sèvre Nantaise and the Maine.

Also…
Nievre, Maine and the Erdre on its right bank, and the rivers Allier, Cher, Indre, Vienne, and the Sèvre Nantaise on the left bank.

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5
Q

Define sur-lie

A

‘on the lees’, customarily applied to white wines with some form of lees contact. Remaining on their lees after fermentation, increases flavour and texture.

Wine law mandates that wines labelled sur lie must be bottled in cellars between March 1st and December 31st of the year after harvest. Because of this stipulation, other growing areas with longer lees aging such as the Muscadet Sèvre et Maine DGCS cannot put sur lie on the label.

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6
Q

Define passerillage

A

twisting stalks to stop the sap.

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7
Q

Define monopole

A

Burgundian term for wholly owned vineyard or climat.

Eg Coulée de Serrant AOC owned by Joly family

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8
Q

Define sélection de grains nobles

A

the richest, most sumptuous ripeness category

The term Sélection de Grains Nobles can be placed on the Coteaux du Layon label if the Chenin Blanc grapes were affected by noble rot and they achieved 19% potential alcohol. However, this term has not been embraced and it is rarely used.

Also on Coteaux de l’Aubance

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9
Q

Define dénominations
géographiques complémentaires,

A

more restricted zones of production within an existing AOC.

Five dénominations géographiques complémentaires have been authorized within Touraine A.O.C.:

seven approved dénominations géographiques complémentaires (DGCS), with two more in the queue in Muscadet Sevre et Maine

Six Communal dénominations géographiques complémentaires are allowed to add their names to the label in Coteaux du Layon.

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10
Q

Define primeur

A

In Anjou, Gamay and can also be vinified as primeur and launched the third Thursday of November of the same year the grapes were harvested.

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11
Q

Define argiles à silex

A

Clay with flints (silex)

also called perruches found in Vouvray, Montlouis and eastern Touraine

Gives gunflint/smoky note to wine

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12
Q

Define aubuis

A

Clay and limestone found on hillsides

Vouvray and MontLouis-sur-Loire

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13
Q

Define perruches

A

Flinty-clay ( also called argiles à silex) found in Vouvray, Montlouis and eastern Touraine

Gunfint/smoky note

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14
Q

Define tuffeau

A

Tuffeau is geologically known as Turonian chalk. It is formed during the late Cretaceous period approximately 89-93 million years ago.

Unexposed to air, it is soft, malleable and easily quarried. It hardens only after contact.
Cut blocks have been and are used for buildings, monuments and châteaux. In Saumur and Touraine there are kilometres of chalk caves used for growing mushrooms and aging wine. Some even function as homes (troglodyte dwellings).

Note that all chalk is technically limestone. For this reason, you will find tuffeau defined as both chalk and limestone in various texts.

Also known as White Anjou
Found Anjou, Saumur, Western Touraine to Vouvray, Bourgeuil (where “tuffeau wines” are more structured and complex ) and Chinon

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15
Q

Define caillottes

A

pebbles of limestone- rich Portlandian marl

Found in Central Loire
Sancerrer and Pouilly Fume

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16
Q

Define silex

A

flint - as argiles a silex and perruches

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17
Q

Define terres blanches

A

clay and limestone - Kimmeridgean marl rich in oyster fossils

Found in Central Loire

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18
Q

What are the 5 main subdivisions of the Loire going West to East

A

1 Pays Nantais = Lower Loire
2 Anjou-Saumur = Middle Loire 1
3 Touraine = Middle Loire 2
4 Centre Loire
5 Upper Loire

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19
Q

What are the most common VTS of the Loire

A

Guyot and Cordon

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20
Q

Which are the 4 need to know AOCs of Pays Nantais (west to east)

A

Muscadet
Muscadet Cotes de Grand Lieu
Muscadet Sevre et Maine
Muscadet Coteaux de Loire

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21
Q

How are the 4 AOCs of Pays Nantais similar

A

Maritime climate - humid
Flat
Gneiss and mica - acidic - little limestone - free draining
Melon de Bourgogne
Gamay (~5%)
all aged sur lie - but may not all have on label

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22
Q

How are the 4 AOCs of Pays Nantais dissimilar

A

Sur lie= only Coteaux de Loire and Cotes de Grandlieu can use - not Muscadet or Muscadet Sevre et Maine…. CHECK

Muscadet Sevre et Maine= largest by volume
Muscadet=largest by area

Muscadet=maybe less than 100% Melon

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23
Q

Which are the 2 need to know AOCs covering all of the Middle Loire

A

Cremant de Loire
Rose de Loire

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24
Q

Which are the 5 need to know AOcs of Anjou

A

Anjou
Anjou Villages
Anjou Brissac
Cabernet d’Anjou
Rose d’Anjou

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25
Q

How are the 5 AOCs of Anjou similar

A

Maritime climate with continental influences

Mix of black anjou (dark schist) and white anjou (tuffeau) soils

Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc

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26
Q

How are the 5 AOcs of Anjou dissimilar

A

Mix of styles in Anjou, Red in Anjou Villages and Brissac, rose in Cabernet d’Anjou and Rose d’Anjou

Grolleau for rose in Rose d’anjou, Cabernet otherwise

Lower yields Anjou>Villages>Brissac

Cabernet d’Anjou slightly sweeter than Anjou

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27
Q

Which are the 8 AOCs of Layon

A

Coteaux du Layon
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
Bonnezeaux
Anjou-couteaux de la Loire
Coteaux de L’aubance
Savennieres
Savenieres Roche aux moines
Coulee de Serrant

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28
Q

How are the 8 AOCs of Layon similar

A

Maritime climate with continental influences

Autumn mists

Mix of black anjou (dark schist), sand gravel and white anjou (tuffeau) oils

Sweet wines from Chenin Blanc

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29
Q

How are the 8 AOcs of Layon dissimilar

A

DGCs in Coteaux du Layon

Grand Cru in Coteaux du Layon and all Quarts de Chaume

Selection de Grains Nobles in Coteaux du Layon and Coteaux de l’Aubance

Min sweetness 3.4 expect for Serrant and Savenieries Roche (3), Quarts (8), Bonnezeaux (5.1) Savenierres (EU) Layon Grand Cru (8)

Lower yields in Grand Crus, Savennieres Roche, Coulee de Serrant

Coulle de Serrant is monopole owned by Joly family - biodynamic

Typical style sweet except for Coulee

Must put sweetness on label= Savennieries, Roche, Coulee

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30
Q

What are the EU rules for sweetness

A

Dry = under 0.4%
Medium dry = 0.4-1.2%
Medium sweet = 1.2%-4.5%
Sweet= Over 4.5%

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31
Q

Which are the 2 need to know AOCs for Saumur

A

Saumur
Saumur-Champigny

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32
Q

What is the distinguishing soil for the 2 AOCs of Saumur and Saumur-Champigny

A

Tuffeau

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33
Q

How are the 2 AOCs for Saumur dissimilar

A

Saumur concentrates on sparkling (high yields) from Chenin Blanc (9/12 sur lie)

Saumur-Champigny reds from Cabernet Franc

Saumu has one DGC for red wines

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34
Q

Which AOC covers all of the Touraine area and what style does it concentrate on

A

Touraine AOC
60% dry white
Variety of other styles - Chenin Blanc mousseaux, Cabernet Franc rose, Sauvignon Blanc dry white, Cot or Cabernet Franc for red

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35
Q

Which are the main red ‘need to know’ AOCs in Touraine that specialise in red wines

A

Bourgueil
Saint Nicholas-de-Bourgueil (used to be part of Borgueil)
Chinon

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36
Q

Which Touraine AOC specialises in rose gris

A

Touraine Noble Joue

Vin gris from 3 Pinots

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37
Q

How are the 3 AOCs in Touraine that specialise in red wine similar

A

Chinon
Bourgeul
St Nicholoas Bourgeuil

Wines based on Cabernet Franc

Up to 10% Cabernet Sauvignon

Rose permitted

Tuffeau and gravel soils= tuffeau or gravel wines

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38
Q

How are the 3 AOCs in Touraine that specialise in red wine dissimilar

A

Chinon largest by volume

Chinon can produce dry whites

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39
Q

Which 2 Touraine AOCs specialise in dry, sweet and sparkling wines from Chenin Blanc

A

Vouvray
Montlouis-sur-loire

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40
Q

How are the 2 Touraine AOCs specialise in dry, sweet and sparkling wines from Chenin Blanc similar

A

Chenin Blanc sparkling - mousseaux and petillant

Soils of aubuis and perruches (chalky clay and flinty clay)

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41
Q

How are the 2 Touraine AOCs specialise in dry, sweet and sparkling wines from Chenin Blanc dissimilar

A

Vouvray may have small amount of Orbois

Vouvray largest Loire producer of AOC whites (although sparkling 60% of production)

Montlouis => organic

Montlouis= Petillant originel (hand harvest, 1 ferment, 9/12 on less, no dosage on disgorgement)

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42
Q

Which are the 5 Touraine AOCs that lie in the east of the region and on the left bank of the Loire and what is their main 2 features

A

Valencay= Sauvignon Blanc and goats cheese
Cheverney=Sauvignon Blanc and dry/warm
Cour-Cheverny=Romartin and nested within Cheverny
Orleans=Chardonnay and Orleans town
Orleans-Clery=Cabernet Franc and nested within Orleans

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43
Q

Which two AOCs cover all of the Middle Loire and what are their main features

A

Cremant de Loire=Large cremant houses (blends mostly Chenin Blanc)
Rose de Loire=smallest rose production compared to Anjou, must be dry

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44
Q

Which are the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire

Some Party People Make Quick Rums

A

Sancerre
Pouilly Fume
Pouilly-sur-Loire
Mentou Salon
Quincy
Reuilly

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45
Q

Which of the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire concentrates on Chasselas

A

Pouilly-sur-Loire

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46
Q

Which is the main white grape of the remaining 5 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire

A

Sauvignon blanc

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47
Q

What different soil types are the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire

A

argiles a silex (flint/clay)
Caillotes
Terres blanches

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48
Q

What does Fume mean in Pouilly Fume

A

Smoked or gunflint aromas

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49
Q

Which is the other main Loire tributary that is near the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire

A

Cher

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50
Q

What is the chain des Puys

A

Chain of extinct volcanoes

puts vineyards in a rain shadow

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51
Q

In which area is the Upper Loire

A

Auvergne

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52
Q

What are the soils of the upper Loire

A

mix of sedimaentary and volcanic

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53
Q

What are the grapes of the Upper Loire

A

Chardonnay and Gamay

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54
Q

What is the regional IGP for the Loire

A

Val de Loire IGP

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55
Q

Define pet-nat

A

pet-nat, name coined by the natural wine movement for an amorphous group of very varied lightly sparkling wines, usually with some residual sugar and made by the méthod ancestrale

The first aoc created specifically for a style that has become increasingly fashionable in the 21st century was montlouis Pétillant Naturel

It involves bottling young wines before all the residual sugar has been fermented into alcohol. Fermentation continues in bottle and gives off carbon dioxide. Today it is becoming increasingly common in parts of France such as the Loire and the Jura, and is spreading throughout the wine world, but variants on this theme are still made in gaillac, limoux, and for clairette de die Méthode Ancestrale (see below).

The resulting wine, generally stoppered by a crown cap, is sweeter and less fizzy than a traditional method sparkling wine and no dosage is allowed. The wine may in some cases be decanted off the deposit and rebottled under pressure in a form of transfer method.

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56
Q

Define mousseaux

A

French for sparkling. Some mousseux wines are made by the traditional method (see sparkling winemaking) while others may be made by the much less painstaking charmat process

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57
Q

Define charmant process

A

process which involves provoking a second fermentation in a pressure tank.

Mousseaux wines

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58
Q

Define cremant process

A

traditional method

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59
Q

Define “fines bulles”

A

In Loire, the entire category of sparkling wines =(pétillant, mousseux, crémant) is referred to as Fines Bulles (fine bubbles).

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60
Q

Which AOCs in Loire use grapes with botryris

A

Coteaux du Layon
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
Bonnezeaux
Anjou-couteaux de la Loire
Coteaux de L’aubance
Savennieres
Savenieres Roche aux moines
Coulee de Serrant

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61
Q

What are these …..

Château-Thébaud, Clisson, Gorges, Goulaine, Monnières-Saint-
Fiacre, Mouzillon-Tillières and Le Pallet, Vallet, La Haye-Fouassiere

A

the nine approved DGCs of Muscadet Sèvre et Maine

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62
Q

Which is France’s longest river

A

Loire 1000km

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63
Q

What is the climate of Nantes

A

Maritime

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64
Q

What is the climate of Angers Saumur and Tour/Chinon regions

A

Maritime with continental influence

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65
Q

What is the climate of the Centre and Upper Loire

A

Continental climate

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66
Q

Which grapes are in this top 5 breakdown
25%/16%/15%/14%/7%

A

Cabernet Franc
Sauvignon Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Melon de Bourgogne
Gamay

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67
Q

Whose marriage was in 1152

A

Henry Plantagenet to Eleanor of Aquitaine

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68
Q

Define ‘angevin’

A

The empire of Eleanor and Henry
All of England and Western france

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69
Q

What is significant about 1429 to the Loire

A

Joan of Arc met the Dauphin at Chinon Chateau to drive out English

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70
Q

What connects Amboise, Blois and Chambord

A

Great Chateau

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71
Q

What influenced the wine trade in the 16-17c

A

1 1577 Parlaiment of Paris=> greater plantings in Orleans
2 Dutch required white wine to create brandewijn brandy (burntwine)

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72
Q

Who fought the Vendee wars in 18c

A

Counter revolutionary Catholic royalists vs Republicans

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73
Q

What were gabarres, sapines and auvergnates

A

Boats on Loire
(always travelled westwards)

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74
Q

What was replanted after Phylloxera

A

Melon de Bourgogne
Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc
Savignon Blanc

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75
Q

In which Loire Valley Château did Joan of Arc meet the Dauphin of France?

Saumur

Blois

Chinon

Amboise

Chambord

Chenonceau

A

Chinon

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76
Q

What product did Dutch traders produce from grapes grown in the Loire Valley?

Advocaat

Jenever

Brandewijn

Curaçao

A

Brandewijn

77
Q

Which Production split is
83.5%
9%
7,5%

A

AOC
IGP
Vine de France

78
Q

Match each Area to its grapes
1Touraine - A. Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir
2Central Loire- B. Melon de Bourgogne
3Nantais - C. Chardonnay and Gamay
4Upper Loire-D. Chenin Blanc & Cabernet Franc, Cot and Gamay
5 Anjou/Layon - E. Chenin Blanc, Grolleau Gris, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau Noir

A

3=B
5=E
1=D
2=A
4=C

79
Q

Style production is split
44%/25%/18%/13%
What does each represent

A

White, rose, red, sparkling

80
Q

Which are the top 3 Loire AOCs

A

Cabernet d’anjou
Touraine
Muscadet Sevre et Maine

81
Q

What is the climate of the Centre-Loire?


Maritime

Mediterranean

Continental

Alpine

A

Continental

82
Q

The Loire produces more red wine than white.

True or False?

A

False

83
Q

What canopy management techniques are used to optimize ripeness

A

short pruning, debudding and green harvesting

84
Q

When does harvest normally first begin

A

15 Sept in Pays Nantais

Harvest can continue into November

85
Q

Which are the most common Loire training systems

A

Guyot and Cordon

86
Q

Most Loire wines go through malolactic fermentation - True or False

A

False

87
Q

What is Malvoisie

A

Loire name for Pinot Gris

88
Q

Some AOCs, which make wines in a variety of sweetness levels must state the sweetness level on the label.

Give an example

A

Savennières, Savennières-Roche aux Moins, Coulée de Serrant, Anjou and Cour-Cheverny

89
Q

Which 2 methods are used for rose

A

direct press and saignee

90
Q

How are Anjou roses made off-dry

A

Fermentation is stopped by chilling before all the sugar is converted

91
Q

What term is traditionally used in the Loire to describe a wine that is Medium Sweet?

Doux

Tuffeau

Moelleux

Montlouis

A

Moelleux

92
Q

Which of these are typical wine making techniques for white wine in the Loire? Select all that apply.

Fermentation in temperature controlled vats

Malolactic Conversion

Lees Aging

Barrel Fermentation

Barrel Aging

A

Fermentation in temp controlled vats

Lees Aging

93
Q

What geographical character makes Nantais wines have more character

A

Soils with volcanic and mineral nuances
Pourous soils (otherwise would be high yielding fruit)

94
Q

Which subregional Muscadet AOC is smallest and most eastern

A

Coteaux de Loire

Cotes de GrandLieu (most western)

95
Q

Which is the most planted grape in Pays Nantais

A

Melon de Bourgogne =75%

96
Q

Where would Pinot Gris and Grolleau Gris be found

A

Rose/Gris grapes in Loire

Pinot Gris (Malvoisie)=Coteaux Anciens
Grolleau Gris=Fiefs Vendeens

97
Q

Which grape can be included (upto 10%) in Muscadet AOC

A

Chardonnay

98
Q

What is the Grandlieu of Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu

A

Lake

99
Q

Whcih AOC produces 75% of Muscadet wine

A

Muscadet Sevre et Maine AOC

100
Q

What are the following
Chateau Thebauld
Gorges
Goulaine
Le Pallet

A

4 of the 9 DCGs of Muscadet SeM

101
Q

When must sur lie wines be bottled

A

between March 1st and December 31st of year after harvest

102
Q

Which AOC area of Pays Nantais produces the most wine?


Muscadet

Muscadet Sèvre et Maine

Fiefs Vendéens

Gros Plant du Pays Nantais

Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu

A

Muscadet Sevre et Maine

103
Q

Which of these is the main grape used to make Muscadet wines?


Sauvignon Blanc

Chenin Blanc

Chardonnay

Melon de Bourgogne

Gros Plant

A

Melon de Bourgogne

104
Q

What is another name for Turonain chalk

A

Tuffeau

105
Q

What is another name for Orbois

A

Arbois

106
Q

What are the two main red grapes of Anjou-Saumur

A

Cabernet Franc, CabernetSauvignnon

some Grolleau Noir

107
Q

What is this a list of
Goulaine
Mouzillon-Tillieres
Gorges
Clisson
Monnieres
Chateau Thebaud
Le Pallet
Hayes-Fouassiere
Vallet

9

A

DGCs in Muscadet Sevres et Maine= Cru Communaux

108
Q

Which grapes are hand-harvested in the Loire

A

Those for Cremant and sweet wines

109
Q

How long do more complex sweet wines usually spend aging before bottling

A

8 months to several years

110
Q

For off-dry rosé from Anjou-Saumur, fermentation is stopped by chilling. Why?

A

To retain some sweetness

111
Q

Other than for Gamay, which of these techniques are used for red wines in Loire

  1. whole bunch or destemming
  2. 1-4 days maceration or 1-4 weeks
  3. Malocatic - yes or no?
  4. Chaptalision- yes or no
A

Destemming
1-4 weeks
Malolactic
Chaptalise only if permitted by AOC and conditions

112
Q

When do wines need to be bottled to besur lie

A

Wines labeled sur lie must be bottled between March 1st and December 31st of the year after harvest.

This means that other growing areas with longer lees aging – such as the Muscadet Sèvre et Maine DGCs – cannot put sur lie on the label.

113
Q

Which AOC area of Pays Nantais produces the most wine?


Muscadet

Muscadet Sèvre et Maine

Fiefs Vendéens

Gros Plant du Pays Nantais

Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu

A

Sevre et Maine

114
Q

Which of these is the main grape used to make Muscadet wines?


Sauvignon Blanc

Chenin Blanc

Chardonnay

Melon de Bourgogne

Gros Plant

A

Melon de Bourgogne

115
Q

Which main grapes are used in Anjou-Saumur - red, white, rose

A

Red=Cabernet and Grolleau Noir
White=Chenin Blanc
Rose=Grolleau Gris and Sauvignon Gris

116
Q

What types of wine does Anjou AOC normally make

A

Dry White from Chenin Blanc (+Chard + Sauv Blnc)
Dry reds from Cabernet Franc (+Cab Sauv, Grolleau and Pineau d’Aunis)
or Anjou Gamay
Sparkling Anjou

117
Q

Cabernet d’anjou wines have perceptible sweetness - True or False

A

True

118
Q
A
119
Q

Rose de Loire - is it dry or semi-sweet rose

A

Dry

120
Q

Some of AOC Anjou is also covered by AOC Nantais True or False

A

True

121
Q

Savrnnieres AOC just produces dry whites from Chenin - True or False?

A

False - some sweet from Chenin

122
Q

Savennieres Roche aux Moins AOC differs from Savennieres in which 3 ways

A

Yields are lower. Hand harvesting is manadatory (min 2 tries). No chaptalisation

123
Q

Who is Nicolas Joly

A

Owner of Monopole Coulee de Serrant AOC in Savennieres. Biodynamic viticulture. 2 tries min, low yields, hand harvest

124
Q

In Coteaux de Layon Premier Cru which of the following is true 1. It is an AOC; 2 grapes have to be botrytised, 3 yields are lower than Coteaux de Layon

A

3 only is true - it’s a DGC, overripe grapes but not botrytised

125
Q

Match the AOC to the minimum sweetness level Coteaux de Layon, Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru, Coteaux de Layon Premier Cru Chaume, Bonnezeaux…. 3.4%, 5.1%, 8%, 8.5%

A

Coteaux de Layon=3.4%
Bonnezeaux=5.1%
Coteaux de Layon Premier Cru=8%
Quarts de Chamue=8.5%

126
Q

How does rose d’anjou differ from Rose de Loire

A

Rose d’Anjou is off-dry

127
Q

Saumur mousseaux wines are only white - True or False

A

False - can be rose

128
Q

Saumur produces more still than sparkling wine - true or false

A

False - more sparkling

129
Q

Which has more demanding production methods - mousseux, cremant or petillant

A

Cremant - Mousseaux needs no aging and lower ATM (but not as low as Petillant)

130
Q

How many french regions produce Cremant

A

“8 - Loire, Alsace, Bourgogne, Limoux, Bordeaux, Jura, Savoie and Die.
“

131
Q

Which of these wine styles isnotmade in Anjou AOC? - dry white, red, rose, sparkling white, sparkling rose

A

Rose

132
Q

Which is sweeter style - Cabernet d’Anjou or Rose d’Anjou

A

Cabernet d’Anjou

133
Q

Where is Romartin grown

A

Cour-Cheverny AOC

134
Q

What is cot also known as

A

Malbec

135
Q

There is a dividing line at Tours for red grapes in Touraine - what is the divide? Is the divide for reds or reds and roses

A

Cabernet Franc to West, Cot to East. Roses must be a blend (no single one over 70%

136
Q

Does Touraine AOC have a primeur wine?

A

Yes - from Gamay

137
Q

Are Touraine roses dry or do they have some sweetness?

A

All are dry and must be a blend

138
Q

What is this a list of - Amboise, Azay-le-Rideau, Chenonceaux, Mesland, Oisly

A

DGCs of Touraine

139
Q

Which AOC primarily blends Meunier, Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris as a dry rose

A

Tourraine Noble Joue

140
Q

Which AOC shares its name with a goats cheese and has perruches and makes wines in 3 styles

A

Valancay

141
Q

Which are the 4 AOCs of Touraine that make sparkling wine - which one requires 12 months lees aging and which one makes Pet Nat

A

Touraine, Vouvray (12 months), MontLouis (PetNat), Cremant de Loire

142
Q

Which grape variety is the principal grape of Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil? - Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Cabernet Franc, Pinot d’aunis

A

Cabernet Franc

143
Q

Which, historially was the most important white grape in Central Loire and what is it now?

A

Chasselas and now Sauvignon Blanc

144
Q

What is the primary red grape in Central Loire

A

Pinot Noir

145
Q

Define Caillottes

A

Pebbles of limestone rich Portlandian marl found in Pouilly Fume and Sancerre

146
Q

What makes terres blanches soils special

A

Kimmeridgean marl - found in Sancerre and Pouilly Fume => powerful wines which age well

147
Q

What is the french words silex and argiles

A

flint and clay => gunflint style in Sancerre and Pouilly Fume

148
Q

Other than callotes, terres balnches and silex - which other soil type in found in Pouilly Fume?

A

Sand (sables) and Gravel

149
Q

Which 2 Centre-Loire AOCs are located on the Cher River

A

Quincy and Reuilly

150
Q

Which Centre-Loire AOC is the most hilly and highest in elevation

A

Sancerre

151
Q

Which is the most easterly and southern sub-region of Loire

A

Upper Loire

152
Q

What sort of climate do you find in the upper Loire

A

Continental

153
Q

Which of these lists the four AOCs of the Upper Loire?

1 Saint-Pourçain, Valençay,
Côte Roannaise, Côtes du Forez
2 Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d’Auvergne,
Côte Roannaise, Cheverny
3 Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d’Auvergne,
Côte Roannaise, Côtes du Forez
4 Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d’Auvergne,
Château-Thébaud, Côtes du Forez

A

Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d’Auvergne,
Côte Roannaise, Côtes du Forez

154
Q

How does sur lie aging impact the finished wine

A

Protects wine from oxidation, adds texture and aroma

155
Q

Which of these is the most widely grown grape in the Loire?- Melon, Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin, Cabernet Franc

A

Cabernet Franc (25%)

156
Q

Which is the smallest of the Muscadet AOCs? - Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire, Muscadet, Gros Plant du Pays Nantais, Muscadet Sevre et Maine

A

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire

157
Q

WhWhich grape variety will be permitted to constitute up to 10% of the blend in Muscadet AOC wines from the 2021 vintage?ic

A

Chardonnay

158
Q

Which of these is not a DGC in Muscadet Sèvre et Maine AOC?- Clisson, Gorges, Chateau-Maine, Goulaine, Mouzillon-Tilleres, Le Pallet, Vallet, La Haye-Fouassiere

A

Chateau Maine

should be Chateau-Thebaud

159
Q

What is the principal white grape of the Lower Loire?

A

Melon de Bourgogne

160
Q

What is the prinicpal white grape of the Middle Loire?

A

Chenin Blanc

161
Q

What is the principal white grape of the Centre-Loire?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

162
Q

What is the principal red grape of the Middle Loire?

A

Cabernet Franc

163
Q

What is the principal red grape of the Centre-Loire?

A

Pinot Noir

164
Q

What is the climate of the lower Loire

A

Maritime

165
Q

What is the climate of the Middle Loire?

A

Continental wth Maritime influences

166
Q

What is the climate of the Centre Loire?

A

Continental

167
Q

What is the Pays Nantais is also
known as?

A

Lower Loire

168
Q

The Loire River takes its name from the latin word “liger”. What does liger mean?

A

Silt

169
Q

What does “fines bulles” refer to?

A

Sparkling wines - cremant, pettilant, mousseaux and pet-nat

170
Q

Who was Henry Plantagenet?

A

Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, King Henry II of England. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine 12c

171
Q

What is “tuffeau”?

A

Turonian chalk found in middle Loire - Porous

172
Q

Where is “Black Anjou”?

A

West Anjou
Dark schist and sandstone

173
Q

Where is “White Anjou”?

A

East Anjou
White tuffeau of Turonian chalk

174
Q

What are “perruches”?

A

Flinty clay in Middle Loire

175
Q

Name the only Grand Cru in the Loire Valley?

A

Quarts de Charme

176
Q

What does “silex” refer to?

A

Flint in Central Loire

177
Q

What does “terres blanches” refer to?

A

White limestone (Kimmeridgean) marl in Central Loire

178
Q

What does “caillottes” refer to?

A

small Limestone rich pebbles (Portlandian?) in Central Loire

179
Q

What is the name of the regional IGP for the Loire Valley?

A

Val de Loire

180
Q

What is the principal grape used in the production of sweet wines in the Loire?

A

Chenin Blanc

181
Q

Côt is a Loire synonym for which grape?

A

Malbec

182
Q

Crémant de Loire production is concentrated in which part of the region?

A

Middle Loire

183
Q

Coulée de Serrant is a monopole.

True or False?

A

True

184
Q

What is Touraine Noble Joué?

A

Rose - Pinot blend

185
Q

What is the “Chaine des Puys”?

A

Volcanic mountain in Upper Loire - protects vineyards in rain shadow

186
Q

Gros Plant is a Loire synonym for which grape?

A

Folle Blanche

187
Q

Savennières Roche Aux Moines is a monopole.

True or False?

A

False

188
Q

DGC is an acronym for which term?

A

Denomination Geographic Complementaire

French Wine Scholar 2023 (23 decks)

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