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French Wine Scholar 2023 > Loire * > Flashcards

Loire * Flashcards

1
Q

What has been the Dutch impact on the Loire wine industry

A

1600s- Loire became an important supplier of wine to Holland and England.

River trade to Holland

Dutch traders influenced the locals to plant an Increasing percentage of the vineyards with white cuitivars, such as Folle Blanche. Dutch could produce , brandewijn (literally, ‘burnt wine), a Product that was distilled from these grapes and sold to the northern European markets for the next two centuries

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2
Q

Describe the effect of the Loire River on winemaking

A

The river helps to warm/moderate temperature of the vineyards that flank it.
Sand and gravel deposits near river
Ample water

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3
Q

Describe the effect of the Loire River on wine transport

A

River traffic in Roman times
The Loire’s current is so strong that river traffic only flowed in one direction: downriver.
Traffic difficult for a third of the year, as the water level could be low.
For many years, wines travelled in flat-bottomed boats called “gabarres”, ‘sapines” or “auvergnates” to Nantes. On arrival, the boats were disassembled and used for building material.

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4
Q

What are main tributaries of Loire

A

Sèvre Nantaise and the Maine.

Also…
Nievre, Maine and the Erdre on its right bank, and the rivers Allier, Cher, Indre, Vienne, and the Sèvre Nantaise on the left bank.

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5
Q

Define sur-lie

A

‘on the lees’, customarily applied to white wines with some form of lees contact. Remaining on their lees after fermentation, increases flavour and texture.

Wine law mandates that wines labelled sur lie must be bottled in cellars between March 1st and December 31st of the year after harvest. Because of this stipulation, other growing areas with longer lees aging such as the Muscadet Sèvre et Maine DGCS cannot put sur lie on the label.

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6
Q

Define passerillage

A

twisting stalks to stop the sap.

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7
Q

Define monopole

A

Burgundian term for wholly owned vineyard or climat.

Eg Coulée de Serrant AOC owned by Joly family

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8
Q

Define sélection de grains nobles

A

the richest, most sumptuous ripeness category

The term Sélection de Grains Nobles can be placed on the Coteaux du Layon label if the Chenin Blanc grapes were affected by noble rot and they achieved 19% potential alcohol. However, this term has not been embraced and it is rarely used.

Also on Coteaux de l’Aubance

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9
Q

Define dénominations
géographiques complémentaires,

A

more restricted zones of production within an existing AOC.

Five dénominations géographiques complémentaires have been authorized within Touraine A.O.C.:

seven approved dénominations géographiques complémentaires (DGCS), with two more in the queue in Muscadet Sevre et Maine

Six Communal dénominations géographiques complémentaires are allowed to add their names to the label in Coteaux du Layon.

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10
Q

Define primeur

A

In Anjou, Gamay and can also be vinified as primeur and launched the third Thursday of November of the same year the grapes were harvested.

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11
Q

Define argiles à silex

A

Clay with flints (silex)

also called perruches found in Vouvray, Montlouis and eastern Touraine

Gives gunflint/smoky note to wine

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12
Q

Define aubuis

A

Clay and limestone found on hillsides

Vouvray and MontLouis-sur-Loire

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13
Q

Define perruches

A

Flinty-clay ( also called argiles à silex) found in Vouvray, Montlouis and eastern Touraine

Gunfint/smoky note

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14
Q

Define tuffeau

A

Tuffeau is geologically known as Turonian chalk. It is formed during the late Cretaceous period approximately 89-93 million years ago.

Unexposed to air, it is soft, malleable and easily quarried. It hardens only after contact.
Cut blocks have been and are used for buildings, monuments and châteaux. In Saumur and Touraine there are kilometres of chalk caves used for growing mushrooms and aging wine. Some even function as homes (troglodyte dwellings).

Note that all chalk is technically limestone. For this reason, you will find tuffeau defined as both chalk and limestone in various texts.

Also known as White Anjou
Found Anjou, Saumur, Western Touraine to Vouvray, Bourgeuil (where “tuffeau wines” are more structured and complex ) and Chinon

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15
Q

Define caillottes

A

pebbles of limestone- rich Portlandian marl

Found in Central Loire
Sancerrer and Pouilly Fume

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16
Q

Define silex

A

flint - as argiles a silex and perruches

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17
Q

Define terres blanches

A

clay and limestone - Kimmeridgean marl rich in oyster fossils

Found in Central Loire

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18
Q

What are the 5 main subdivisions of the Loire going West to East

A

1 Pays Nantais = Lower Loire
2 Anjou-Saumur = Middle Loire 1
3 Touraine = Middle Loire 2
4 Centre Loire
5 Upper Loire

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19
Q

What are the most common VTS of the Loire

A

Guyot and Cordon

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20
Q

Which are the 4 need to know AOCs of Pays Nantais (west to east)

A

Muscadet
Muscadet Cotes de Grand Lieu
Muscadet Sevre et Maine
Muscadet Coteaux de Loire

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21
Q

How are the 4 AOCs of Pays Nantais similar

A

Maritime climate - humid
Flat
Gneiss and mica - acidic - little limestone - free draining
Melon de Bourgogne
Gamay (~5%)
all aged sur lie - but may not all have on label

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22
Q

How are the 4 AOCs of Pays Nantais dissimilar

A

Sur lie= only Coteaux de Loire and Cotes de Grandlieu can use - not Muscadet or Muscadet Sevre et Maine…. CHECK

Muscadet Sevre et Maine= largest by volume
Muscadet=largest by area

Muscadet=maybe less than 100% Melon

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23
Q

Which are the 2 need to know AOCs covering all of the Middle Loire

A

Cremant de Loire
Rose de Loire

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24
Q

Which are the 5 need to know AOcs of Anjou

A

Anjou
Anjou Villages
Anjou Brissac
Cabernet d’Anjou
Rose d’Anjou

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25
How are the 5 AOCs of Anjou similar
Maritime climate with continental influences Mix of black anjou (dark schist) and white anjou (tuffeau) soils Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc
26
How are the 5 AOcs of Anjou dissimilar
Mix of styles in Anjou, Red in Anjou Villages and Brissac, rose in Cabernet d'Anjou and Rose d'Anjou Grolleau for rose in Rose d'anjou, Cabernet otherwise Lower yields Anjou>Villages>Brissac Cabernet d'Anjou slightly sweeter than Anjou
27
Which are the 8 AOCs of Layon
Coteaux du Layon Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru Bonnezeaux Anjou-couteaux de la Loire Coteaux de L'aubance Savennieres Savenieres Roche aux moines Coulee de Serrant
28
How are the 8 AOCs of Layon similar
Maritime climate with continental influences Autumn mists Mix of black anjou (dark schist), sand gravel and white anjou (tuffeau) oils Sweet wines from Chenin Blanc
29
How are the 8 AOcs of Layon dissimilar
DGCs in Coteaux du Layon Grand Cru in Coteaux du Layon and all Quarts de Chaume Selection de Grains Nobles in Coteaux du Layon and Coteaux de l'Aubance Min sweetness 3.4 expect for Serrant and Savenieries Roche (3), Quarts (8), Bonnezeaux (5.1) Savenierres (EU) Layon Grand Cru (8) Lower yields in Grand Crus, Savennieres Roche, Coulee de Serrant Coulle de Serrant is monopole owned by Joly family - biodynamic Typical style sweet except for Coulee Must put sweetness on label= Savennieries, Roche, Coulee
30
What are the EU rules for sweetness
Dry = under 0.4% Medium dry = 0.4-1.2% Medium sweet = 1.2%-4.5% Sweet= Over 4.5%
31
Which are the 2 need to know AOCs for Saumur
Saumur Saumur-Champigny
32
What is the distinguishing soil for the 2 AOCs of Saumur and Saumur-Champigny
Tuffeau
33
How are the 2 AOCs for Saumur dissimilar
Saumur concentrates on sparkling (high yields) from Chenin Blanc (9/12 sur lie) Saumur-Champigny reds from Cabernet Franc Saumu has one DGC for red wines
34
Which AOC covers all of the Touraine area and what style does it concentrate on
Touraine AOC 60% dry white Variety of other styles - Chenin Blanc mousseaux, Cabernet Franc rose, Sauvignon Blanc dry white, Cot or Cabernet Franc for red
35
Which are the main red 'need to know' AOCs in Touraine that specialise in red wines
Bourgueil Saint Nicholas-de-Bourgueil (used to be part of Borgueil) Chinon
36
Which Touraine AOC specialises in rose gris
Touraine Noble Joue Vin gris from 3 Pinots
37
How are the 3 AOCs in Touraine that specialise in red wine similar
Chinon Bourgeul St Nicholoas Bourgeuil Wines based on Cabernet Franc Up to 10% Cabernet Sauvignon Rose permitted Tuffeau and gravel soils= tuffeau or gravel wines
38
How are the 3 AOCs in Touraine that specialise in red wine dissimilar
Chinon largest by volume Chinon can produce dry whites
39
Which 2 Touraine AOCs specialise in dry, sweet and sparkling wines from Chenin Blanc
Vouvray Montlouis-sur-loire
40
How are the 2 Touraine AOCs specialise in dry, sweet and sparkling wines from Chenin Blanc similar
Chenin Blanc sparkling - mousseaux and petillant Soils of aubuis and perruches (chalky clay and flinty clay)
41
How are the 2 Touraine AOCs specialise in dry, sweet and sparkling wines from Chenin Blanc dissimilar
Vouvray may have small amount of Orbois Vouvray largest Loire producer of AOC whites (although sparkling 60% of production) Montlouis => organic Montlouis= Petillant originel (hand harvest, 1 ferment, 9/12 on less, no dosage on disgorgement)
42
Which are the 5 Touraine AOCs that lie in the east of the region and on the left bank of the Loire and what is their main 2 features
Valencay= Sauvignon Blanc and goats cheese Cheverney=Sauvignon Blanc and dry/warm Cour-Cheverny=Romartin and nested within Cheverny Orleans=Chardonnay and Orleans town Orleans-Clery=Cabernet Franc and nested within Orleans
43
Which two AOCs cover all of the Middle Loire and what are their main features
Cremant de Loire=Large cremant houses (blends mostly Chenin Blanc) Rose de Loire=smallest rose production compared to Anjou, must be dry
44
Which are the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire | Some Party People Make Quick Rums
Sancerre Pouilly Fume Pouilly-sur-Loire Mentou Salon Quincy Reuilly
45
Which of the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire concentrates on Chasselas
Pouilly-sur-Loire
46
Which is the main white grape of the remaining 5 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire
Sauvignon blanc
47
What different soil types are the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire
argiles a silex (flint/clay) Caillotes Terres blanches
48
What does Fume mean in Pouilly Fume
Smoked or gunflint aromas
49
Which is the other main Loire tributary that is near the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire
Cher
50
What is the chain des Puys
Chain of extinct volcanoes puts vineyards in a rain shadow
51
In which area is the Upper Loire
Auvergne
52
What are the soils of the upper Loire
mix of sedimaentary and volcanic
53
What are the grapes of the Upper Loire
Chardonnay and Gamay
54
What is the regional IGP for the Loire
Val de Loire IGP
55
Define pet-nat
pet-nat, name coined by the natural wine movement for an amorphous group of very varied lightly sparkling wines, usually with some residual sugar and made by the méthod ancestrale The first aoc created specifically for a style that has become increasingly fashionable in the 21st century was montlouis Pétillant Naturel It involves bottling young wines before all the residual sugar has been fermented into alcohol. Fermentation continues in bottle and gives off carbon dioxide. Today it is becoming increasingly common in parts of France such as the Loire and the Jura, and is spreading throughout the wine world, but variants on this theme are still made in gaillac, limoux, and for clairette de die Méthode Ancestrale (see below). The resulting wine, generally stoppered by a crown cap, is sweeter and less fizzy than a traditional method sparkling wine and no dosage is allowed. The wine may in some cases be decanted off the deposit and rebottled under pressure in a form of transfer method.
56
Define mousseaux
French for sparkling. Some mousseux wines are made by the traditional method (see sparkling winemaking) while others may be made by the much less painstaking charmat process
57
Define charmant process
process which involves provoking a second fermentation in a pressure tank. Mousseaux wines
58
Define cremant process
traditional method
59
Define “fines bulles"
In Loire, the entire category of sparkling wines =(pétillant, mousseux, crémant) is referred to as Fines Bulles (fine bubbles).
60
Which AOCs in Loire use grapes with botryris
Coteaux du Layon Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru Bonnezeaux Anjou-couteaux de la Loire Coteaux de L'aubance Savennieres Savenieres Roche aux moines Coulee de Serrant
61
What are these ..... Château-Thébaud, Clisson, Gorges, Goulaine, Monnières-Saint- Fiacre, Mouzillon-Tillières and Le Pallet, Vallet, La Haye-Fouassiere
the nine approved DGCs of Muscadet Sèvre et Maine
62
Which is France's longest river
Loire 1000km
63
What is the climate of Nantes
Maritime
64
What is the climate of Angers Saumur and Tour/Chinon regions
Maritime with continental influence
65
What is the climate of the Centre and Upper Loire
Continental climate
66
Which grapes are in this top 5 breakdown 25%/16%/15%/14%/7%
Cabernet Franc Sauvignon Blanc Chenin Blanc Melon de Bourgogne Gamay
67
Whose marriage was in 1152
Henry Plantagenet to Eleanor of Aquitaine
68
Define 'angevin'
The empire of Eleanor and Henry All of England and Western france
69
What is significant about 1429 to the Loire
Joan of Arc met the Dauphin at Chinon Chateau to drive out English
70
What connects Amboise, Blois and Chambord
Great Chateau
71
What influenced the wine trade in the 16-17c
1 1577 Parlaiment of Paris=> greater plantings in Orleans 2 Dutch required white wine to create brandewijn brandy (burntwine)
72
Who fought the Vendee wars in 18c
Counter revolutionary Catholic royalists vs Republicans
73
What were gabarres, sapines and auvergnates
Boats on Loire (always travelled westwards)
74
What was replanted after Phylloxera
Melon de Bourgogne Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc Savignon Blanc
75
In which Loire Valley Château did Joan of Arc meet the Dauphin of France? Saumur Blois Chinon Amboise Chambord Chenonceau
Chinon
76
What product did Dutch traders produce from grapes grown in the Loire Valley? Advocaat Jenever Brandewijn Curaçao
Brandewijn
77
Which Production split is 83.5% 9% 7,5%
AOC IGP Vine de France
78
Match each Area to its grapes 1Touraine - A. Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir 2Central Loire- B. Melon de Bourgogne 3Nantais - C. Chardonnay and Gamay 4Upper Loire-D. Chenin Blanc & Cabernet Franc, Cot and Gamay 5 Anjou/Layon - E. Chenin Blanc, Grolleau Gris, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau Noir
3=B 5=E 1=D 2=A 4=C
79
Style production is split 44%/25%/18%/13% What does each represent
White, rose, red, sparkling
80
Which are the top 3 Loire AOCs
Cabernet d'anjou Touraine Muscadet Sevre et Maine
81
What is the climate of the Centre-Loire?
 Maritime Mediterranean Continental Alpine
Continental
82
The Loire produces more red wine than white. True or False?
False
83
What canopy management techniques are used to optimize ripeness
short pruning, debudding and green harvesting
84
When does harvest normally first begin
15 Sept in Pays Nantais Harvest can continue into November
85
Which are the most common Loire training systems
Guyot and Cordon
86
Most Loire wines go through malolactic fermentation - True or False
False
87
What is Malvoisie
Loire name for Pinot Gris
88
Some AOCs, which make wines in a variety of sweetness levels must state the sweetness level on the label. Give an example
Savennières, Savennières-Roche aux Moins, Coulée de Serrant, Anjou and Cour-Cheverny
89
Which 2 methods are used for rose
direct press and saignee
90
How are Anjou roses made off-dry
Fermentation is stopped by chilling before all the sugar is converted
91
What term is traditionally used in the Loire to describe a wine that is Medium Sweet? Doux Tuffeau Moelleux Montlouis
Moelleux
92
Which of these are typical wine making techniques for white wine in the Loire? Select all that apply. Fermentation in temperature controlled vats Malolactic Conversion Lees Aging Barrel Fermentation Barrel Aging
Fermentation in temp controlled vats Lees Aging
93
What geographical character makes Nantais wines have more character
Soils with volcanic and mineral nuances Pourous soils (otherwise would be high yielding fruit)
94
Which subregional Muscadet AOC is smallest and most eastern
Coteaux de Loire Cotes de GrandLieu (most western)
95
Which is the most planted grape in Pays Nantais
Melon de Bourgogne =75%
96
Where would Pinot Gris and Grolleau Gris be found
Rose/Gris grapes in Loire Pinot Gris (Malvoisie)=Coteaux Anciens Grolleau Gris=Fiefs Vendeens
97
Which grape can be included (upto 10%) in Muscadet AOC
Chardonnay
98
What is the Grandlieu of Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu
Lake
99
Whcih AOC produces 75% of Muscadet wine
Muscadet Sevre et Maine AOC
100
What are the following Chateau Thebauld Gorges Goulaine Le Pallet
4 of the 9 DCGs of Muscadet SeM
101
When must sur lie wines be bottled
between March 1st and December 31st of year after harvest
102
Which AOC area of Pays Nantais produces the most wine?
 Muscadet Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Fiefs Vendéens Gros Plant du Pays Nantais Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu
Muscadet Sevre et Maine
103
Which of these is the main grape used to make Muscadet wines?
 Sauvignon Blanc Chenin Blanc Chardonnay Melon de Bourgogne Gros Plant
Melon de Bourgogne
104
What is another name for Turonain chalk
Tuffeau
105
What is another name for Orbois
Arbois
106
What are the two main red grapes of Anjou-Saumur
Cabernet Franc, CabernetSauvignnon some Grolleau Noir
107
What is this a list of Goulaine Mouzillon-Tillieres Gorges Clisson Monnieres Chateau Thebaud Le Pallet Hayes-Fouassiere Vallet 9
DGCs in Muscadet Sevres et Maine= Cru Communaux
108
Which grapes are hand-harvested in the Loire
Those for Cremant and sweet wines
109
How long do more complex sweet wines usually spend aging before bottling
8 months to several years
110
For off-dry rosé from Anjou-Saumur, fermentation is stopped by chilling. Why?
To retain some sweetness
111
Other than for Gamay, which of these techniques are used for red wines in Loire 1. whole bunch or destemming 2. 1-4 days maceration or 1-4 weeks 3. Malocatic - yes or no? 4. Chaptalision- yes or no
Destemming 1-4 weeks Malolactic Chaptalise only if permitted by AOC and conditions
112
When do wines need to be bottled to besur lie
Wines labeled sur lie must be bottled between March 1st and December 31st of the year after harvest. This means that other growing areas with longer lees aging – such as the Muscadet Sèvre et Maine DGCs – cannot put sur lie on the label.
113
Which AOC area of Pays Nantais produces the most wine?
 Muscadet Muscadet Sèvre et Maine Fiefs Vendéens Gros Plant du Pays Nantais Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu
Sevre et Maine
114
Which of these is the main grape used to make Muscadet wines?
 Sauvignon Blanc Chenin Blanc Chardonnay Melon de Bourgogne Gros Plant
Melon de Bourgogne
115
Which main grapes are used in Anjou-Saumur - red, white, rose
Red=Cabernet and Grolleau Noir White=Chenin Blanc Rose=Grolleau Gris and Sauvignon Gris
116
What types of wine does Anjou AOC normally make
Dry White from Chenin Blanc (+Chard + Sauv Blnc) Dry reds from Cabernet Franc (+Cab Sauv, Grolleau and Pineau d'Aunis) or Anjou Gamay Sparkling Anjou
117
Cabernet d'anjou wines have perceptible sweetness - True or False
True
118
119
Rose de Loire - is it dry or semi-sweet rose
Dry
120
Some of AOC Anjou is also covered by AOC Nantais True or False
True
121
Savrnnieres AOC just produces dry whites from Chenin - True or False?
False - some sweet from Chenin
122
Savennieres Roche aux Moins AOC differs from Savennieres in which 3 ways
Yields are lower. Hand harvesting is manadatory (min 2 tries). No chaptalisation
123
Who is Nicolas Joly
Owner of Monopole Coulee de Serrant AOC in Savennieres. Biodynamic viticulture. 2 tries min, low yields, hand harvest
124
In Coteaux de Layon Premier Cru which of the following is true 1. It is an AOC; 2 grapes have to be botrytised, 3 yields are lower than Coteaux de Layon
3 only is true - it’s a DGC, overripe grapes but not botrytised
125
Match the AOC to the minimum sweetness level Coteaux de Layon, Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru, Coteaux de Layon Premier Cru Chaume, Bonnezeaux…. 3.4%, 5.1%, 8%, 8.5%
Coteaux de Layon=3.4% Bonnezeaux=5.1% Coteaux de Layon Premier Cru=8% Quarts de Chamue=8.5%
126
How does rose d'anjou differ from Rose de Loire
Rose d'Anjou is off-dry
127
Saumur mousseaux wines are only white - True or False
False - can be rose
128
Saumur produces more still than sparkling wine - true or false
False - more sparkling
129
Which has more demanding production methods - mousseux, cremant or petillant
Cremant - Mousseaux needs no aging and lower ATM (but not as low as Petillant)
130
How many french regions produce Cremant
"8 - Loire, Alsace, Bourgogne, Limoux, Bordeaux, Jura, Savoie and Die. "
131
Which of these wine styles is not made in Anjou AOC? - dry white, red, rose, sparkling white, sparkling rose
Rose
132
Which is sweeter style - Cabernet d'Anjou or Rose d'Anjou
Cabernet d'Anjou
133
Where is Romartin grown
Cour-Cheverny AOC
134
What is cot also known as
Malbec
135
There is a dividing line at Tours for red grapes in Touraine - what is the divide? Is the divide for reds or reds and roses
Cabernet Franc to West, Cot to East. Roses must be a blend (no single one over 70%
136
Does Touraine AOC have a primeur wine?
Yes - from Gamay
137
Are Touraine roses dry or do they have some sweetness?
All are dry and must be a blend
138
What is this a list of - Amboise, Azay-le-Rideau, Chenonceaux, Mesland, Oisly
DGCs of Touraine
139
Which AOC primarily blends Meunier, Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris as a dry rose
Tourraine Noble Joue
140
Which AOC shares its name with a goats cheese and has perruches and makes wines in 3 styles
Valancay
141
Which are the 4 AOCs of Touraine that make sparkling wine - which one requires 12 months lees aging and which one makes Pet Nat
Touraine, Vouvray (12 months), MontLouis (PetNat), Cremant de Loire
142
Which grape variety is the principal grape of Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil? - Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Cabernet Franc, Pinot d'aunis
Cabernet Franc
143
Which, historially was the most important white grape in Central Loire and what is it now?
Chasselas and now Sauvignon Blanc
144
What is the primary red grape in Central Loire
Pinot Noir
145
Define Caillottes
Pebbles of limestone rich Portlandian marl found in Pouilly Fume and Sancerre
146
What makes terres blanches soils special
Kimmeridgean marl - found in Sancerre and Pouilly Fume => powerful wines which age well
147
What is the french words silex and argiles
flint and clay => gunflint style in Sancerre and Pouilly Fume
148
Other than callotes, terres balnches and silex - which other soil type in found in Pouilly Fume?
Sand (sables) and Gravel
149
Which 2 Centre-Loire AOCs are located on the Cher River
Quincy and Reuilly
150
Which Centre-Loire AOC is the most hilly and highest in elevation
Sancerre
151
Which is the most easterly and southern sub-region of Loire
Upper Loire
152
What sort of climate do you find in the upper Loire
Continental
153
Which of these lists the four AOCs of the Upper Loire?
 1 Saint-Pourçain, Valençay,  Côte Roannaise, Côtes du Forez  2 Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d'Auvergne,  Côte Roannaise, Cheverny  3 Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d'Auvergne,  Côte Roannaise, Côtes du Forez  4 Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d'Auvergne,  Château-Thébaud, Côtes du Forez 
Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d'Auvergne,  Côte Roannaise, Côtes du Forez 
154
How does sur lie aging impact the finished wine
Protects wine from oxidation, adds texture and aroma
155
Which of these is the most widely grown grape in the Loire? - Melon, Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin, Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Franc (25%)
156
Which is the smallest of the Muscadet AOCs? - Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire, Muscadet, Gros Plant du Pays Nantais, Muscadet Sevre et Maine
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire
157
WhWhich grape variety will be permitted to constitute up to 10% of the blend in Muscadet AOC wines from the 2021 vintage?ic
Chardonnay
158
Which of these is not a DGC in Muscadet Sèvre et Maine AOC?- Clisson, Gorges, Chateau-Maine, Goulaine, Mouzillon-Tilleres, Le Pallet, Vallet, La Haye-Fouassiere
Chateau Maine should be Chateau-Thebaud
159
What is the principal white grape of the Lower Loire?
Melon de Bourgogne
160
What is the prinicpal white grape of the Middle Loire?
Chenin Blanc
161
What is the principal white grape of the Centre-Loire?
Sauvignon Blanc
162
What is the principal red grape of the Middle Loire?
Cabernet Franc
163
What is the principal red grape of the Centre-Loire?
Pinot Noir
164
What is the climate of the lower Loire
Maritime
165
What is the climate of the Middle Loire?
Continental wth Maritime influences
166
What is the climate of the Centre Loire?
Continental
167
What is the Pays Nantais is also known as?
Lower Loire
168
The Loire River takes its name from the latin word “liger”. What does liger mean?
Silt
169
What does “fines bulles” refer to?
Sparkling wines - cremant, pettilant, mousseaux and pet-nat
170
Who was Henry Plantagenet?
Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, King Henry II of England. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine 12c
171
What is “tuffeau”?
Turonian chalk found in middle Loire - Porous
172
Where is “Black Anjou”?
West Anjou Dark schist and sandstone
173
Where is “White Anjou”?
East Anjou White tuffeau of Turonian chalk
174
What are “perruches”?
Flinty clay in Middle Loire
175
Name the only Grand Cru in the Loire Valley?
Quarts de Charme
176
What does “silex” refer to?
Flint in Central Loire
177
What does “terres blanches” refer to?
White limestone (Kimmeridgean) marl in Central Loire
178
What does “caillottes” refer to?
small Limestone rich pebbles (Portlandian?) in Central Loire
179
What is the name of the regional IGP for the Loire Valley?
Val de Loire
180
What is the principal grape used in the production of sweet wines in the Loire?
Chenin Blanc
181
Côt is a Loire synonym for which grape?
Malbec
182
Crémant de Loire production is concentrated in which part of the region?
Middle Loire
183
Coulée de Serrant is a monopole. True or False?
True
184
What is Touraine Noble Joué?
Rose - Pinot blend
185
What is the “Chaine des Puys”?
Volcanic mountain in Upper Loire - protects vineyards in rain shadow
186
Gros Plant is a Loire synonym for which grape?
Folle Blanche
187
Savennières Roche Aux Moines is a monopole. True or False?
False
188
DGC is an acronym for which term?
Denomination Geographic Complementaire

French Wine Scholar 2023 (23 decks)

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