Loire * Flashcards
What has been the Dutch impact on the Loire wine industry
1600s- Loire became an important supplier of wine to Holland and England.
River trade to Holland
Dutch traders influenced the locals to plant an Increasing percentage of the vineyards with white cuitivars, such as Folle Blanche. Dutch could produce , brandewijn (literally, ‘burnt wine), a Product that was distilled from these grapes and sold to the northern European markets for the next two centuries
Describe the effect of the Loire River on winemaking
The river helps to warm/moderate temperature of the vineyards that flank it.
Sand and gravel deposits near river
Ample water
Describe the effect of the Loire River on wine transport
River traffic in Roman times
The Loire’s current is so strong that river traffic only flowed in one direction: downriver.
Traffic difficult for a third of the year, as the water level could be low.
For many years, wines travelled in flat-bottomed boats called “gabarres”, ‘sapines” or “auvergnates” to Nantes. On arrival, the boats were disassembled and used for building material.
What are main tributaries of Loire
Sèvre Nantaise and the Maine.
Also…
Nievre, Maine and the Erdre on its right bank, and the rivers Allier, Cher, Indre, Vienne, and the Sèvre Nantaise on the left bank.
Define sur-lie
‘on the lees’, customarily applied to white wines with some form of lees contact. Remaining on their lees after fermentation, increases flavour and texture.
Wine law mandates that wines labelled sur lie must be bottled in cellars between March 1st and December 31st of the year after harvest. Because of this stipulation, other growing areas with longer lees aging such as the Muscadet Sèvre et Maine DGCS cannot put sur lie on the label.
Define passerillage
twisting stalks to stop the sap.
Define monopole
Burgundian term for wholly owned vineyard or climat.
Eg Coulée de Serrant AOC owned by Joly family
Define sélection de grains nobles
the richest, most sumptuous ripeness category
The term Sélection de Grains Nobles can be placed on the Coteaux du Layon label if the Chenin Blanc grapes were affected by noble rot and they achieved 19% potential alcohol. However, this term has not been embraced and it is rarely used.
Also on Coteaux de l’Aubance
Define dénominations
géographiques complémentaires,
more restricted zones of production within an existing AOC.
Five dénominations géographiques complémentaires have been authorized within Touraine A.O.C.:
seven approved dénominations géographiques complémentaires (DGCS), with two more in the queue in Muscadet Sevre et Maine
Six Communal dénominations géographiques complémentaires are allowed to add their names to the label in Coteaux du Layon.
Define primeur
In Anjou, Gamay and can also be vinified as primeur and launched the third Thursday of November of the same year the grapes were harvested.
Define argiles à silex
Clay with flints (silex)
also called perruches found in Vouvray, Montlouis and eastern Touraine
Gives gunflint/smoky note to wine
Define aubuis
Clay and limestone found on hillsides
Vouvray and MontLouis-sur-Loire
Define perruches
Flinty-clay ( also called argiles à silex) found in Vouvray, Montlouis and eastern Touraine
Gunfint/smoky note
Define tuffeau
Tuffeau is geologically known as Turonian chalk. It is formed during the late Cretaceous period approximately 89-93 million years ago.
Unexposed to air, it is soft, malleable and easily quarried. It hardens only after contact.
Cut blocks have been and are used for buildings, monuments and châteaux. In Saumur and Touraine there are kilometres of chalk caves used for growing mushrooms and aging wine. Some even function as homes (troglodyte dwellings).
Note that all chalk is technically limestone. For this reason, you will find tuffeau defined as both chalk and limestone in various texts.
Also known as White Anjou
Found Anjou, Saumur, Western Touraine to Vouvray, Bourgeuil (where “tuffeau wines” are more structured and complex ) and Chinon
Define caillottes
pebbles of limestone- rich Portlandian marl
Found in Central Loire
Sancerrer and Pouilly Fume
Define silex
flint - as argiles a silex and perruches
Define terres blanches
clay and limestone - Kimmeridgean marl rich in oyster fossils
Found in Central Loire
What are the 5 main subdivisions of the Loire going West to East
1 Pays Nantais = Lower Loire
2 Anjou-Saumur = Middle Loire 1
3 Touraine = Middle Loire 2
4 Centre Loire
5 Upper Loire
What are the most common VTS of the Loire
Guyot and Cordon
Which are the 4 need to know AOCs of Pays Nantais (west to east)
Muscadet
Muscadet Cotes de Grand Lieu
Muscadet Sevre et Maine
Muscadet Coteaux de Loire
How are the 4 AOCs of Pays Nantais similar
Maritime climate - humid
Flat
Gneiss and mica - acidic - little limestone - free draining
Melon de Bourgogne
Gamay (~5%)
all aged sur lie - but may not all have on label
How are the 4 AOCs of Pays Nantais dissimilar
Sur lie= only Coteaux de Loire and Cotes de Grandlieu can use - not Muscadet or Muscadet Sevre et Maine…. CHECK
Muscadet Sevre et Maine= largest by volume
Muscadet=largest by area
Muscadet=maybe less than 100% Melon
Which are the 2 need to know AOCs covering all of the Middle Loire
Cremant de Loire
Rose de Loire
Which are the 5 need to know AOcs of Anjou
Anjou
Anjou Villages
Anjou Brissac
Cabernet d’Anjou
Rose d’Anjou
How are the 5 AOCs of Anjou similar
Maritime climate with continental influences
Mix of black anjou (dark schist) and white anjou (tuffeau) soils
Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc
How are the 5 AOcs of Anjou dissimilar
Mix of styles in Anjou, Red in Anjou Villages and Brissac, rose in Cabernet d’Anjou and Rose d’Anjou
Grolleau for rose in Rose d’anjou, Cabernet otherwise
Lower yields Anjou>Villages>Brissac
Cabernet d’Anjou slightly sweeter than Anjou
Which are the 8 AOCs of Layon
Coteaux du Layon
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
Bonnezeaux
Anjou-couteaux de la Loire
Coteaux de L’aubance
Savennieres
Savenieres Roche aux moines
Coulee de Serrant
How are the 8 AOCs of Layon similar
Maritime climate with continental influences
Autumn mists
Mix of black anjou (dark schist), sand gravel and white anjou (tuffeau) oils
Sweet wines from Chenin Blanc
How are the 8 AOcs of Layon dissimilar
DGCs in Coteaux du Layon
Grand Cru in Coteaux du Layon and all Quarts de Chaume
Selection de Grains Nobles in Coteaux du Layon and Coteaux de l’Aubance
Min sweetness 3.4 expect for Serrant and Savenieries Roche (3), Quarts (8), Bonnezeaux (5.1) Savenierres (EU) Layon Grand Cru (8)
Lower yields in Grand Crus, Savennieres Roche, Coulee de Serrant
Coulle de Serrant is monopole owned by Joly family - biodynamic
Typical style sweet except for Coulee
Must put sweetness on label= Savennieries, Roche, Coulee
What are the EU rules for sweetness
Dry = under 0.4%
Medium dry = 0.4-1.2%
Medium sweet = 1.2%-4.5%
Sweet= Over 4.5%
Which are the 2 need to know AOCs for Saumur
Saumur
Saumur-Champigny
What is the distinguishing soil for the 2 AOCs of Saumur and Saumur-Champigny
Tuffeau
How are the 2 AOCs for Saumur dissimilar
Saumur concentrates on sparkling (high yields) from Chenin Blanc (9/12 sur lie)
Saumur-Champigny reds from Cabernet Franc
Saumu has one DGC for red wines
Which AOC covers all of the Touraine area and what style does it concentrate on
Touraine AOC
60% dry white
Variety of other styles - Chenin Blanc mousseaux, Cabernet Franc rose, Sauvignon Blanc dry white, Cot or Cabernet Franc for red
Which are the main red ‘need to know’ AOCs in Touraine that specialise in red wines
Bourgueil
Saint Nicholas-de-Bourgueil (used to be part of Borgueil)
Chinon
Which Touraine AOC specialises in rose gris
Touraine Noble Joue
Vin gris from 3 Pinots
How are the 3 AOCs in Touraine that specialise in red wine similar
Chinon
Bourgeul
St Nicholoas Bourgeuil
Wines based on Cabernet Franc
Up to 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
Rose permitted
Tuffeau and gravel soils= tuffeau or gravel wines
How are the 3 AOCs in Touraine that specialise in red wine dissimilar
Chinon largest by volume
Chinon can produce dry whites
Which 2 Touraine AOCs specialise in dry, sweet and sparkling wines from Chenin Blanc
Vouvray
Montlouis-sur-loire
How are the 2 Touraine AOCs specialise in dry, sweet and sparkling wines from Chenin Blanc similar
Chenin Blanc sparkling - mousseaux and petillant
Soils of aubuis and perruches (chalky clay and flinty clay)
How are the 2 Touraine AOCs specialise in dry, sweet and sparkling wines from Chenin Blanc dissimilar
Vouvray may have small amount of Orbois
Vouvray largest Loire producer of AOC whites (although sparkling 60% of production)
Montlouis => organic
Montlouis= Petillant originel (hand harvest, 1 ferment, 9/12 on less, no dosage on disgorgement)
Which are the 5 Touraine AOCs that lie in the east of the region and on the left bank of the Loire and what is their main 2 features
Valencay= Sauvignon Blanc and goats cheese
Cheverney=Sauvignon Blanc and dry/warm
Cour-Cheverny=Romartin and nested within Cheverny
Orleans=Chardonnay and Orleans town
Orleans-Clery=Cabernet Franc and nested within Orleans
Which two AOCs cover all of the Middle Loire and what are their main features
Cremant de Loire=Large cremant houses (blends mostly Chenin Blanc)
Rose de Loire=smallest rose production compared to Anjou, must be dry
Which are the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire
Some Party People Make Quick Rums
Sancerre
Pouilly Fume
Pouilly-sur-Loire
Mentou Salon
Quincy
Reuilly
Which of the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire concentrates on Chasselas
Pouilly-sur-Loire
Which is the main white grape of the remaining 5 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire
Sauvignon blanc
What different soil types are the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire
argiles a silex (flint/clay)
Caillotes
Terres blanches
What does Fume mean in Pouilly Fume
Smoked or gunflint aromas
Which is the other main Loire tributary that is near the 6 famous white AOCs of the Centre Loire
Cher
What is the chain des Puys
Chain of extinct volcanoes
puts vineyards in a rain shadow
In which area is the Upper Loire
Auvergne
What are the soils of the upper Loire
mix of sedimaentary and volcanic
What are the grapes of the Upper Loire
Chardonnay and Gamay
What is the regional IGP for the Loire
Val de Loire IGP
Define pet-nat
pet-nat, name coined by the natural wine movement for an amorphous group of very varied lightly sparkling wines, usually with some residual sugar and made by the méthod ancestrale
The first aoc created specifically for a style that has become increasingly fashionable in the 21st century was montlouis Pétillant Naturel
It involves bottling young wines before all the residual sugar has been fermented into alcohol. Fermentation continues in bottle and gives off carbon dioxide. Today it is becoming increasingly common in parts of France such as the Loire and the Jura, and is spreading throughout the wine world, but variants on this theme are still made in gaillac, limoux, and for clairette de die Méthode Ancestrale (see below).
The resulting wine, generally stoppered by a crown cap, is sweeter and less fizzy than a traditional method sparkling wine and no dosage is allowed. The wine may in some cases be decanted off the deposit and rebottled under pressure in a form of transfer method.
Define mousseaux
French for sparkling. Some mousseux wines are made by the traditional method (see sparkling winemaking) while others may be made by the much less painstaking charmat process
Define charmant process
process which involves provoking a second fermentation in a pressure tank.
Mousseaux wines
Define cremant process
traditional method
Define “fines bulles”
In Loire, the entire category of sparkling wines =(pétillant, mousseux, crémant) is referred to as Fines Bulles (fine bubbles).
Which AOCs in Loire use grapes with botryris
Coteaux du Layon
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
Bonnezeaux
Anjou-couteaux de la Loire
Coteaux de L’aubance
Savennieres
Savenieres Roche aux moines
Coulee de Serrant
What are these …..
Château-Thébaud, Clisson, Gorges, Goulaine, Monnières-Saint-
Fiacre, Mouzillon-Tillières and Le Pallet, Vallet, La Haye-Fouassiere
the nine approved DGCs of Muscadet Sèvre et Maine
Which is France’s longest river
Loire 1000km
What is the climate of Nantes
Maritime
What is the climate of Angers Saumur and Tour/Chinon regions
Maritime with continental influence
What is the climate of the Centre and Upper Loire
Continental climate
Which grapes are in this top 5 breakdown
25%/16%/15%/14%/7%
Cabernet Franc
Sauvignon Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Melon de Bourgogne
Gamay
Whose marriage was in 1152
Henry Plantagenet to Eleanor of Aquitaine
Define ‘angevin’
The empire of Eleanor and Henry
All of England and Western france
What is significant about 1429 to the Loire
Joan of Arc met the Dauphin at Chinon Chateau to drive out English
What connects Amboise, Blois and Chambord
Great Chateau
What influenced the wine trade in the 16-17c
1 1577 Parlaiment of Paris=> greater plantings in Orleans
2 Dutch required white wine to create brandewijn brandy (burntwine)
Who fought the Vendee wars in 18c
Counter revolutionary Catholic royalists vs Republicans
What were gabarres, sapines and auvergnates
Boats on Loire
(always travelled westwards)
What was replanted after Phylloxera
Melon de Bourgogne
Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc
Savignon Blanc
In which Loire Valley Château did Joan of Arc meet the Dauphin of France?
Saumur
Blois
Chinon
Amboise
Chambord
Chenonceau
Chinon
What product did Dutch traders produce from grapes grown in the Loire Valley?
Advocaat
Jenever
Brandewijn
Curaçao
Brandewijn
Which Production split is
83.5%
9%
7,5%
AOC
IGP
Vine de France
Match each Area to its grapes
1Touraine - A. Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir
2Central Loire- B. Melon de Bourgogne
3Nantais - C. Chardonnay and Gamay
4Upper Loire-D. Chenin Blanc & Cabernet Franc, Cot and Gamay
5 Anjou/Layon - E. Chenin Blanc, Grolleau Gris, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau Noir
3=B
5=E
1=D
2=A
4=C
Style production is split
44%/25%/18%/13%
What does each represent
White, rose, red, sparkling
Which are the top 3 Loire AOCs
Cabernet d’anjou
Touraine
Muscadet Sevre et Maine
What is the climate of the Centre-Loire?
Maritime
Mediterranean
Continental
Alpine
Continental
The Loire produces more red wine than white.
True or False?
False
What canopy management techniques are used to optimize ripeness
short pruning, debudding and green harvesting
When does harvest normally first begin
15 Sept in Pays Nantais
Harvest can continue into November
Which are the most common Loire training systems
Guyot and Cordon
Most Loire wines go through malolactic fermentation - True or False
False
What is Malvoisie
Loire name for Pinot Gris
Some AOCs, which make wines in a variety of sweetness levels must state the sweetness level on the label.
Give an example
Savennières, Savennières-Roche aux Moins, Coulée de Serrant, Anjou and Cour-Cheverny
Which 2 methods are used for rose
direct press and saignee
How are Anjou roses made off-dry
Fermentation is stopped by chilling before all the sugar is converted
What term is traditionally used in the Loire to describe a wine that is Medium Sweet?
Doux
Tuffeau
Moelleux
Montlouis
Moelleux
Which of these are typical wine making techniques for white wine in the Loire? Select all that apply.
Fermentation in temperature controlled vats
Malolactic Conversion
Lees Aging
Barrel Fermentation
Barrel Aging
Fermentation in temp controlled vats
Lees Aging
What geographical character makes Nantais wines have more character
Soils with volcanic and mineral nuances
Pourous soils (otherwise would be high yielding fruit)
Which subregional Muscadet AOC is smallest and most eastern
Coteaux de Loire
Cotes de GrandLieu (most western)
Which is the most planted grape in Pays Nantais
Melon de Bourgogne =75%
Where would Pinot Gris and Grolleau Gris be found
Rose/Gris grapes in Loire
Pinot Gris (Malvoisie)=Coteaux Anciens
Grolleau Gris=Fiefs Vendeens
Which grape can be included (upto 10%) in Muscadet AOC
Chardonnay
What is the Grandlieu of Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu
Lake
Whcih AOC produces 75% of Muscadet wine
Muscadet Sevre et Maine AOC
What are the following
Chateau Thebauld
Gorges
Goulaine
Le Pallet
4 of the 9 DCGs of Muscadet SeM
When must sur lie wines be bottled
between March 1st and December 31st of year after harvest
Which AOC area of Pays Nantais produces the most wine?
Muscadet
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine
Fiefs Vendéens
Gros Plant du Pays Nantais
Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu
Muscadet Sevre et Maine
Which of these is the main grape used to make Muscadet wines?
Sauvignon Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Chardonnay
Melon de Bourgogne
Gros Plant
Melon de Bourgogne
What is another name for Turonain chalk
Tuffeau
What is another name for Orbois
Arbois
What are the two main red grapes of Anjou-Saumur
Cabernet Franc, CabernetSauvignnon
some Grolleau Noir
What is this a list of
Goulaine
Mouzillon-Tillieres
Gorges
Clisson
Monnieres
Chateau Thebaud
Le Pallet
Hayes-Fouassiere
Vallet
9
DGCs in Muscadet Sevres et Maine= Cru Communaux
Which grapes are hand-harvested in the Loire
Those for Cremant and sweet wines
How long do more complex sweet wines usually spend aging before bottling
8 months to several years
For off-dry rosé from Anjou-Saumur, fermentation is stopped by chilling. Why?
To retain some sweetness
Other than for Gamay, which of these techniques are used for red wines in Loire
- whole bunch or destemming
- 1-4 days maceration or 1-4 weeks
- Malocatic - yes or no?
- Chaptalision- yes or no
Destemming
1-4 weeks
Malolactic
Chaptalise only if permitted by AOC and conditions
When do wines need to be bottled to besur lie
Wines labeled sur lie must be bottled between March 1st and December 31st of the year after harvest.
This means that other growing areas with longer lees aging – such as the Muscadet Sèvre et Maine DGCs – cannot put sur lie on the label.
Which AOC area of Pays Nantais produces the most wine?
Muscadet
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine
Fiefs Vendéens
Gros Plant du Pays Nantais
Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu
Sevre et Maine
Which of these is the main grape used to make Muscadet wines?
Sauvignon Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Chardonnay
Melon de Bourgogne
Gros Plant
Melon de Bourgogne
Which main grapes are used in Anjou-Saumur - red, white, rose
Red=Cabernet and Grolleau Noir
White=Chenin Blanc
Rose=Grolleau Gris and Sauvignon Gris
What types of wine does Anjou AOC normally make
Dry White from Chenin Blanc (+Chard + Sauv Blnc)
Dry reds from Cabernet Franc (+Cab Sauv, Grolleau and Pineau d’Aunis)
or Anjou Gamay
Sparkling Anjou
Cabernet d’anjou wines have perceptible sweetness - True or False
True
Rose de Loire - is it dry or semi-sweet rose
Dry
Some of AOC Anjou is also covered by AOC Nantais True or False
True
Savrnnieres AOC just produces dry whites from Chenin - True or False?
False - some sweet from Chenin
Savennieres Roche aux Moins AOC differs from Savennieres in which 3 ways
Yields are lower. Hand harvesting is manadatory (min 2 tries). No chaptalisation
Who is Nicolas Joly
Owner of Monopole Coulee de Serrant AOC in Savennieres. Biodynamic viticulture. 2 tries min, low yields, hand harvest
In Coteaux de Layon Premier Cru which of the following is true 1. It is an AOC; 2 grapes have to be botrytised, 3 yields are lower than Coteaux de Layon
3 only is true - it’s a DGC, overripe grapes but not botrytised
Match the AOC to the minimum sweetness level Coteaux de Layon, Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru, Coteaux de Layon Premier Cru Chaume, Bonnezeaux…. 3.4%, 5.1%, 8%, 8.5%
Coteaux de Layon=3.4%
Bonnezeaux=5.1%
Coteaux de Layon Premier Cru=8%
Quarts de Chamue=8.5%
How does rose d’anjou differ from Rose de Loire
Rose d’Anjou is off-dry
Saumur mousseaux wines are only white - True or False
False - can be rose
Saumur produces more still than sparkling wine - true or false
False - more sparkling
Which has more demanding production methods - mousseux, cremant or petillant
Cremant - Mousseaux needs no aging and lower ATM (but not as low as Petillant)
How many french regions produce Cremant
“8 - Loire, Alsace, Bourgogne, Limoux, Bordeaux, Jura, Savoie and Die.
“
Which of these wine styles isnotmade in Anjou AOC? - dry white, red, rose, sparkling white, sparkling rose
Rose
Which is sweeter style - Cabernet d’Anjou or Rose d’Anjou
Cabernet d’Anjou
Where is Romartin grown
Cour-Cheverny AOC
What is cot also known as
Malbec
There is a dividing line at Tours for red grapes in Touraine - what is the divide? Is the divide for reds or reds and roses
Cabernet Franc to West, Cot to East. Roses must be a blend (no single one over 70%
Does Touraine AOC have a primeur wine?
Yes - from Gamay
Are Touraine roses dry or do they have some sweetness?
All are dry and must be a blend
What is this a list of - Amboise, Azay-le-Rideau, Chenonceaux, Mesland, Oisly
DGCs of Touraine
Which AOC primarily blends Meunier, Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris as a dry rose
Tourraine Noble Joue
Which AOC shares its name with a goats cheese and has perruches and makes wines in 3 styles
Valancay
Which are the 4 AOCs of Touraine that make sparkling wine - which one requires 12 months lees aging and which one makes Pet Nat
Touraine, Vouvray (12 months), MontLouis (PetNat), Cremant de Loire
Which grape variety is the principal grape of Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil? - Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Cabernet Franc, Pinot d’aunis
Cabernet Franc
Which, historially was the most important white grape in Central Loire and what is it now?
Chasselas and now Sauvignon Blanc
What is the primary red grape in Central Loire
Pinot Noir
Define Caillottes
Pebbles of limestone rich Portlandian marl found in Pouilly Fume and Sancerre
What makes terres blanches soils special
Kimmeridgean marl - found in Sancerre and Pouilly Fume => powerful wines which age well
What is the french words silex and argiles
flint and clay => gunflint style in Sancerre and Pouilly Fume
Other than callotes, terres balnches and silex - which other soil type in found in Pouilly Fume?
Sand (sables) and Gravel
Which 2 Centre-Loire AOCs are located on the Cher River
Quincy and Reuilly
Which Centre-Loire AOC is the most hilly and highest in elevation
Sancerre
Which is the most easterly and southern sub-region of Loire
Upper Loire
What sort of climate do you find in the upper Loire
Continental
Which of these lists the four AOCs of the Upper Loire?
1 Saint-Pourçain, Valençay,
Côte Roannaise, Côtes du Forez
2 Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d’Auvergne,
Côte Roannaise, Cheverny
3 Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d’Auvergne,
Côte Roannaise, Côtes du Forez
4 Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d’Auvergne,
Château-Thébaud, Côtes du Forez
Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d’Auvergne,
Côte Roannaise, Côtes du Forez
How does sur lie aging impact the finished wine
Protects wine from oxidation, adds texture and aroma
Which of these is the most widely grown grape in the Loire?- Melon, Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin, Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Franc (25%)
Which is the smallest of the Muscadet AOCs? - Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire, Muscadet, Gros Plant du Pays Nantais, Muscadet Sevre et Maine
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire
WhWhich grape variety will be permitted to constitute up to 10% of the blend in Muscadet AOC wines from the 2021 vintage?ic
Chardonnay
Which of these is not a DGC in Muscadet Sèvre et Maine AOC?- Clisson, Gorges, Chateau-Maine, Goulaine, Mouzillon-Tilleres, Le Pallet, Vallet, La Haye-Fouassiere
Chateau Maine
should be Chateau-Thebaud
What is the principal white grape of the Lower Loire?
Melon de Bourgogne
What is the prinicpal white grape of the Middle Loire?
Chenin Blanc
What is the principal white grape of the Centre-Loire?
Sauvignon Blanc
What is the principal red grape of the Middle Loire?
Cabernet Franc
What is the principal red grape of the Centre-Loire?
Pinot Noir
What is the climate of the lower Loire
Maritime
What is the climate of the Middle Loire?
Continental wth Maritime influences
What is the climate of the Centre Loire?
Continental
What is the Pays Nantais is also
known as?
Lower Loire
The Loire River takes its name from the latin word “liger”. What does liger mean?
Silt
What does “fines bulles” refer to?
Sparkling wines - cremant, pettilant, mousseaux and pet-nat
Who was Henry Plantagenet?
Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine, King Henry II of England. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine 12c
What is “tuffeau”?
Turonian chalk found in middle Loire - Porous
Where is “Black Anjou”?
West Anjou
Dark schist and sandstone
Where is “White Anjou”?
East Anjou
White tuffeau of Turonian chalk
What are “perruches”?
Flinty clay in Middle Loire
Name the only Grand Cru in the Loire Valley?
Quarts de Charme
What does “silex” refer to?
Flint in Central Loire
What does “terres blanches” refer to?
White limestone (Kimmeridgean) marl in Central Loire
What does “caillottes” refer to?
small Limestone rich pebbles (Portlandian?) in Central Loire
What is the name of the regional IGP for the Loire Valley?
Val de Loire
What is the principal grape used in the production of sweet wines in the Loire?
Chenin Blanc
Côt is a Loire synonym for which grape?
Malbec
Crémant de Loire production is concentrated in which part of the region?
Middle Loire
Coulée de Serrant is a monopole.
True or False?
True
What is Touraine Noble Joué?
Rose - Pinot blend
What is the “Chaine des Puys”?
Volcanic mountain in Upper Loire - protects vineyards in rain shadow
Gros Plant is a Loire synonym for which grape?
Folle Blanche
Savennières Roche Aux Moines is a monopole.
True or False?
False
DGC is an acronym for which term?
Denomination Geographic Complementaire
