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French Wine Scholar 2023 > Provence > Flashcards

Provence Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Provence

A

Far South East of France
East of Rhone Valley
South West of Alps

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2
Q

Name the 5 DGCs (restricted area of production) within Cotes de Provence AOC

A

Fréjus, La Londe, Notre-Dame des Anges Pierrefeu, and Ste-Victoire.

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3
Q

Name the 9 Provence AOCs

A

1 Cotes de Provence
2 Coteaux d’aix-en-provence,
3 Bandol,
4 Les baux de provence,
5 Bellet,
6 Cassis,
7 Palette,
8 Coteaux varois en Provence.
9 Pierrevert

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4
Q

What else is Provence famous for?

A

Tourism
Culture/Arts
Italian influence

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5
Q

What are the 6 steps towards Provence rose category leader?

1 Who introduced vines
2 Who kept vines going in Middle Ages
3 Which country ruled and influenced the region
4 What was the best and worst bits of 19c
5 In 20c there were co-ops but alos what was introduced?
6 Where is market leader for rose

A

1 Romans introduced vines…or was it Phoceans?
2 Middle ages - clergy and nobility nuture wine industry
3 Ruled under Eastern Med - Italian influences - Genoa/Sardinia
4 Victory over Phylloxera in 19c and railway to Northern Europe
5 20c co-operatives and AOC Cotes de Provence, AOC Couteaux Aix de Provence and then AOC Coteaux Various de Provence
6 Promotion of rose to market leader local demand for a dry wine refreshing enough to be drunk on a hot summer’s day but which still bears some relation to the red wine

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6
Q

Describe the general climate of Provence

A

Mediterranean
Mistral, predominantly cold, dry winds blowing from the North.
Sunny
Little rain primarily falls during spring and autumn.

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7
Q

Describe the topographical features of Provence

A

Sub alpine hills
Coast

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8
Q

Which are the mountains and soils for Provence St Victoire

A

Sainte-Victoire Mountain. Sainte-Baume=

The poor, relatively shallow soil here, formed of limestone and clay sandstone,

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9
Q

Which are the 3 tyoes of soils for Frejus

A

3 Types

Red soil of sandstone;
Loamy-clay;
Sandy

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10
Q

What are the features and soils for La Londe

A

coastal headland, to the southWest of the Massif des Maures. The vines grow across from the sea,
Bit of a mix of soils - sand and limestone

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11
Q

What are the features and soil for Pierrefeu

A

Western part of Côtes de Provence,
to the South are the Massif des Maures .

The soil of this region can be divided into three main categories: the

red sandy-clay soils
the stony soil (limestone deposits) of the plains
loamy-clay soil of the hillsides covered with schistose deposits.

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12
Q

What are the features and soil for Notre Dame des Anges

A

Massif des Maures (767 m),
Plaine des Maures National Nature Reserve.

1 schist along the edges of the Maures mountain range,
2 sand,
3 pelites whose red colour is one of the visible characteristics of this terroir,
4 old alluvial terraces of the Aille River with their “rounded pebbles” (galets roulés).

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13
Q

Match the mountain areas to the type of soil

Massif Central
Alps- Maritime /Pre Alps
Esterel
Maures
Sainte Victoire
Sainte Baume
Gorges du Verdon

Calcareous, granite, volcanic

A

Massif Central= Volcanic
Alps- Maritime /Pre Alps=Limestone, slate and granite/gneiss
Esterel=volcanic
Maures =crystalline?
Sainte Victoire=limestone
Sainte Baume=limestone
Gorges du Verdon=limestone

Two large geological features coexist in Provence: one crystalline and the other limestone. The western and northern parts of the Provençal vineyard consist of alternating hills and limestone ridges carved by erosion. There are remarkable sites such as the Sainte-Victoire mountain, the Sainte-Baume massif or the Gorges du Verdon.

Further east, the crystalline rock formations of the Maures and Tanneron face the sea. The landscapes are very different from the previous ones, with hills and small mountains with softer curves, covered with shrubs and forests. Continuing eastwards, between Saint-Tropez and Cannes, this crystalline ensemble is pierced by igneous trails with often astonishing rocks like the colourful porphyries of the Esterel volcanic massif.

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14
Q

Define maquis

A

A mix of resinous scrub that grows on acidic soils

Throughout Provence, wild, resinous shrubs like rosemary, juniper, thyme, and lavender grow almost everywhere. Many say these plants, collectively called “Garrigue” (on limestone/clay) or ‘Maquis” (when growing on crystalline schist), influence the character of the wines.

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15
Q

Define restanques

A

Low made made walls of river stone

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16
Q

Define vin cuit

A

Vin cuit or cooked wine is an artisanal dessert wine produced in Provence, France. It is made by heating grape juice without boiling it so that the grape juice becomes concentrated and syrupy. It is then fermented in barrels.

The alcohol content is around 14%.

Vin cuit is not a fortified wine. Its Italian counterpart is the vino cotto.

Production of this wine style is limited. It is regularly served on Christmas Eve.

Because the sweetness was achieved by artificially increasing the sugar content through cooking, the vin cuit is called “vin doux artisanal” (artisan sweet wine) in France, as opposed to the “vin doux naturel” (natural sweet wine, equivalent to the German liqueur wine), in which the fermentation of unthickened grape must is stopped by adding high-percentage drinking alcohol, thereby retaining much of the natural original sweetness of the grape in the wine.

Provençal winemakers who have revived the production of Vin cuit are seeking AOC certification.

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17
Q

What are the main soil type in Provence

A

The western countryside is veined with limestone, where the land was covered in ancient times by a warm, shallow sea. Travel east, and the soil is mostly crystalline schist (granite) and volcanic in one small area.

T

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17
Q

What is the grape cinsault like

A

red grape variety
Languedoc region
has much in common with grenache.
good drought resistance and its
best wines with low yields
lighter, softer, and, in extreme youth, more aromatic and charmingly cherry-fruited

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18
Q

Identify the primary grape varieties for red, white and rose production

A

Red/Rose= Cinsault, Grenache, Mourvedre, Syrah, Tibouran,
White=Clairette, Semillon, Ugni Blanc, Vermentino

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19
Q

What is the grape Grenache like

A

Popular red grape from Spain
Grenache enjoys the climate in Provence. Hot summer days, cool nights, a touch of moisture followed by the wind to dry off the leaves,

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20
Q

What is the grape Mourvedre like

A

Difficult red grape from Spain=Monastrell

Loves hot weather and being near the sea
In Provence Mourvèdre produces wines considered useful for their structure, intense fruit, and, in good years, perfume often redolent of blackberries.
In Bandol, it is typically blended with Grenache and Cinsault, and the statutory minimum for Mourvèdre is now 50%.

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21
Q

What is the grape Clairette like

A

Synonym for a lot of white grape varieties
Clairette provides a backup for vignerons, adding aromatic complexity and alcohol to the wines. The resultant wines are perfumed and fragrant, but can be a touch soapy if the level of acidity does not balance the body weight.

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22
Q

What is the grape Vermentino

A

Also known as Rolle
considered more characterful than Clairette, is often the predominant variety, giving structure and weight to the wines as well as some herby, mineral characters.

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23
Q

AOC Cotes de Provence
Climate
Topography
Soils
Wine Styles
Primary Grapes

A

Climate= Med with Mistral
Topography= varied, largest AOC in region, mountains to North and East, coast of Med
Soils=varied
Wine styles= 80% dry rose
Primary grapes=standard Provencal

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24
Q

AOC Coteaux d’aix en Provence
Climate
Topography
Soils
Wine Styles
Primary Grapes

A

Climate= med with Mistral
Topography=near coast, altitudes up to 400m
Soils=Varied - acidic with Garrigue
Wine styles= dry rose
Primary grapes=standard Provencal

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25
Q

AOC Varois en Provence
Climate
Topography
Soils
Wine Styles
Primary Grapes

A

Climate= Med with Mistral
Topography= VAR region, hills of St Baume
Soils=limestone
Wine styles= dry rose
Primary grapes= standard Provencal

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26
Q

AOC Cassis
Climate
Topography
Soils
Wine Styles
Primary Grapes

A

Climate=Med with Mistral
Topography=outskirts Marseille, ampitheatre, Cap Canille protects
Soils=clay limestone
Wine style=white
Primary grapes=Clairette, Marsanne

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27
Q

AOC Bandol
Climate
Topography
Soils
Wine Styles
Primary Grapes

A

Climate=Med with Mistral
Topography=outskirts Marselle, south facing terrances inland, restanques,
Soils=clay/limestone
Wine style= Red
Primary grape= Mourvedre

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28
Q

AOC Les Baux de Provence
Climate
Topography
Soils
Wine Styles
Primary Grapes

A

Climate=Med with Mistral, warmer and wetter than other regions
Topography=Far north west. Alpinnes
Soils=limestone rubble
Wine style=Red (some rose)
Primary grapes=Grenache, Mourvedre, Syrah, Cinsualt

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29
Q

AOC Pallete
Climate
Topography
Soils
Wine Styles
Primary Grapes

A

Climate=Med with Mistral
Topography=east of Aix en Provence, river Arc, one main estate
Soils=limestone outcrop
Wine style=Red
Primary grapes=large variety

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30
Q

AOC Bellet
Climate
Topography
Soils
Wine Styles
Primary Grapes

A

Climate= Med, slightly cooler than Nice
Topography= near Nice, one main estate
Soils=The Var river and the alpine rivers which run into the river have created vast gravel beds in the lower part of the Var river.

The gravel and ‘galet‘ (stones rolled round and smooth in water) are gathered from the river bed for building (and keeping the river clear to prevent flooding).

The region of Bellet lies to the right of this

The hills on either side of the river have similar soil composition. The soil is sedimentary, pebbly with the round galets and fine sand compacted together to form a rock called poudingue with streaks of clay (argileuses).
Wine style=equal all 3 colours
Grapes= Standard Provencal

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31
Q

Starting letters S, F, L N and P

Identify the five DGCs within Cotes de Provence AOC

with production standards

Dénominations Géographiques Complémentaires (DGCs) are more restricted zones of production within an existing AOC.

A

Sainte Victoire
Frejus
La Londe
Notre dame des Anges
Pierrefeu

Grapes must come from designated plots
limited varietals in blend
Lower

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32
Q

3 levels

Describe the classification system within Cotes de Provence AOC

Quality standards - low to highest

A

AOC Cotes de Provence
AOC Cotes de Provence + DGC
AOC Cotes de Provence + Cru Classe (18 of these)

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33
Q

Grape characteristic, timing,

Detail the unique harvest parameters for grapes destined for rose production

A

Degree of ripeness vs acidity of the grapes and the different varieties used.
Healthy fruit and early acid adjustment are highly recommended.
Harvest overnight or early morning for cool grapes and avoid long transport times and maceration in transport bins.

Harvest in this area usually takes place from the end of August to the end of September, mainly during a 3 week period and it’s beginning is dictated by the relative heat and sun-load of the vintage year.

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34
Q

ways to deal with higher temps/sunlight , less or more sever rainfall

Detail the 5 steps that producers are taking to mitigate rising tmperatures

A

Prune early-Harvest early
Prune more severly - lower yield?
Canopy management providing shade on south and west
Sowing cover crops - maintains moisture and helps in severe storms
drip irrigation

Lower yield can make grapes ripen too fast

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35
Q

List the variables responsible for the wide-ranging palette of colours found in Provence rose

A

1 Varietal
2 Terroir
3 Skin contact- phenolics in skins
4 Method - press or saignee
5 Decolourisation

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36
Q

What is the difference between Vins de Soif and Vins de Gastronomie

A

Vins de Soif=easy drinking/ready to drink
Vins de Gastronomie=food wine

Also vin d’emotion= wine fro contemplation/ great quality

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37
Q

also known as skittle

What is a flute a corset

A

Bottle with slender middle
Negociant bottled wines only

Many provencal growers would produce a unique bottle shape

The ‘flute a corset Provençal’, nicknamed the ‘Mae West’ (for obvious reasons) is only allowed to be used for domaine bottled wines and permission to use this bottle, nicknamed the ‘aubergine’ is reserved for use by négociant bottled wines but this is less strictly controlled. Only appellation Côtes de Provence wines are permitted to use either of these bottles. The original design for both bottles was for fractionally slimmer, taller bottles but current bottles are almost imperceptibly fatter and shorter. The reason? Purely practical - refrigerators, shelves and wine racks are built to cater for standard sizes and the original bottles, including some of the current special domaine bottles, did not, and still do not, fit.

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38
Q

Which wine region lies to the south and east of the Southern Rhône’s vineyards

A

Provence

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39
Q

What is to west of the Provence region

A

Rhone river and Languedoc

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40
Q

The climate of Provence is Mediterranean - but what other influences has it?

A

Alpine and Continental at inland elevations

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40
Q
A
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41
Q

The unusual fact about Provence’s climate is what?

A

It receives an exceptional amount of sunshine
2,700-3,000 per year

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42
Q

What is the major wind impacting Provence and whihc direction is it chanelled

A

The Mistral
South-Easterly

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43
Q

Which are the 2 Eastern peaks of Provence

A

Massif de l’Esterel (volcanic coastal mountains)
and the Massif des Maures

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44
Q

What are the 5 limestone peaks of the South, Central and Western Provence

A

Sainte-Baume, (Grotto=Toulon to Marseille)
Massif des Calanques, (Cassis)
Montagne Sainte-Victoire, (Cezanne/Aix)
Les Alpilles (Avignon) and
Mont Ventoux (Rhone)

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45
Q

Describe the topography of the far southwestern parts of Provence – around Arles

A

Camargue=Flat
Rhône Delta spreads and floods, forming a vast and largely vine-less salt marsh known as the Camargue.

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46
Q

What are the 2 resinous descriptions of vegetation grow on the principle soil types of Provence

A

Garrigue and Maquis

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47
Q

Which of Garrigue and Maquis loves acidic soils

A

Maquis is found on acidic quartz rich schist

Garrigue is found on limestone soils

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48
Q

What is the main soil type found in eastern part of Provence?

Schist

Limestone

Granite

Chalk

A

Schist

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49
Q

What were the tribe that arrived in Provence in 6c BCE

A

Phoceans from Greece (now Turkey)

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50
Q

Which was the French port founded by the Phocaens

A

Marseille

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51
Q

In the Middle Ages, Provence became involved in a power struggle between rulers from which regions

A

Barcelona, the Kingdom of Burgundy and the Holy Roman Empire

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52
Q

When did Provence officially first become part of France

A

late 1400s
King Louis XI=Louis the Prudent
Charles VIII=Charles the Affable

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53
Q

Who was Frederic Mistral

A

a poet who championed the Occitan language and Provençal folk art and culture
1830-1914

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54
Q

What natural wine related product is Provence famous for

A

Cork
Massif des Maures

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55
Q

Which was the first Provence AOC

A

Cassis, then Bandol

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56
Q

What is the name of the research centre for wine in Provence

A

Centre du Rose

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57
Q

What % of Provence production is rose

A

90%

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58
Q

What happened to Provence at the end of the 1400s?

Rosé wine production overtook red for the first time

It became a part of France

Vine growing became the major agricultural activity

Growers started to plant non-native grape varieties

A

It became part of France

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59
Q

Which civilization first introduced wine culture to Provence?

The Romans

The Iberians

The Phoenicians

The Phocaeans

A

Phocaeans

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60
Q

The top grapes grown in 1961 and 2017 are about the same % - which are they

A

1961=Carignan (then Ugni and Clairette)
2017=Grenache (then Cinsault and Syrah)

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61
Q

What are the 3 main white grapes of Provence

A

Clairette
Marsanne
Vermentino

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62
Q

Which are the 3 rose/gris grapes of Palette

A

Barbaroux, Clairette rose and Terret Gris

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63
Q

Which are the important to know red grapes grown in Provence

A

Grenache
Cinsault (delicate)
Mourvedre (Bandol)
Braquet Noir (Bellet)

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64
Q

Which of these red grapes is unique to Bellet AOC?

Tibouren

Brun Fourca

Braquet Noir

Caladoc

A

Braquet Noir

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65
Q

Rolle is a synonym for which grape?

Clairette

Vermentino

Marsanne

Piquepoul Blanc

Ugni Blanc

A

Vermentino

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66
Q

What is the main VTS of Provence

A

Gobelet (traditional)
Guyot (modern)

Traditionally vines are pruned by Guyot and trained by Gobelet
More trellising with mechanical night harvesting

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67
Q

What is a noteable feature of Provence harvest

A

Often at night (cooler)

68
Q

How much earlier will grapes be picked for rose than red

A

10-14 days earlier - to retian acidity

69
Q

How do winemakers add flavour and complexity in harvest

A

have 3 or more harvests

70
Q

What types of method are used for rose production in Provence

A

diret press and saignee

71
Q

Which grapes produce pink wines and which salmon

A

Syrah and Mourvedre=Pink
Tibouren=Salmon

72
Q

How does acidity affect the rose’s colour?

A

Higher acidity roses are more pink, lower are more salmon

73
Q

What factors impact a rose’s colour

A

Grapes
Acidity
Production type - direct press or saignee
Maceration time
Soils (eg volcanic=orange)
Oxygen expoure

74
Q

What is a vin de soif

A

Thirst-quenching wines – are light-bodied, crisp and refreshing, They are intended to be drunk as an aperitif.

75
Q

What is a vin de Gastronomie

A

gastronomic wines – are deeper in color, fuller-bodied and more structured. They are meant to be drunk with food.

76
Q

What is a vin de garde

A

Wine for ageing

77
Q

The white and red wines of the Provence AOCs – like the rosés – are blends of different grape varieties. Winemakers typically vinify each of the grape varieties separately and then blend them together to make the finished wine.
True or False

78
Q

Which Provence AOCs pecify a requirement for oak aging red wines

A

Provence AOC Fréjus, Bandol AOC and Palette AOC

79
Q

What are the climate change dangers for Provence

A

Increasing temperatures (hydric stress) = rye grass, agro forestry

80
Q

While older vines were planted using the gobelet method, how are newer vines generally trained?

Gobelet

Cordon

Chablis

Guyot

81
Q

Which of the following AOCs and DGCs of Côtes de Provence have rules that require their red wines are oak aged?

Select all that apply.

Côtes de Provence AOC Fréjus

Bandol AOC

Bellet AOC

Côtes de Provence AOC Sainte-Victoire

Palette AOC

Cassis AOC

Les Baux de Provence AOC

A

Cotes de Provence Frejus
Bandol and Palette

82
Q

Three Provence AOCs account for 96% of production - which are they?

A

Cotes de Provence (69%)
Coteaux d’Aix en Provence
Coteaux Varois en Provence

83
Q

What % of Cotes de Provence AOC is rose

84
Q

Which of these is not an authorised white grape in Cotes de Provence

Clairette,
Marsanne
Sémillon,
Ugni Blanc,
Vermentino.

85
Q

Which of these is not on the list as an authorised red grape in Cotes de Provence AOC
Cinsaut,
Grenache,
Mourvèdre,
Gamay
Syrah,
Tibouren

86
Q

The east and west of Cotes de Provence AOC have different soils

A

East=crystalline schist
West=limestone

Volcanic soils in L’esterel

87
Q

What are 2 fascinating facts about CdP DGC Sainte Victoire

A

Only DGC to use carbonic maceration for reds

Reds must be aged unitl 15/8

88
Q

What is 1 fascinating facts about CdP DGC Frejus

A

Red 6/12 in barrel and 15/1o sale

89
Q

What are 2 fascinating facts about CdP DGC La Londe

A

La Londe is the only DGC with white wines

Reds aged until 15/8

90
Q

What is a fascinating facts about CdP DGC Notre Dame des Anges

A

Reds aged until 15/8

91
Q

What is a fascinating fact
about CdP DGC Pierrefeu

A

Reds aged until 15/10

92
Q

what is the classification level for Cotes de Provence;
is it for wines or estates,
and how many are there currently

A

Cru Classe
Estates (not wines)
18 (was 23)

93
Q

How is a ‘quille’ linked to Provence

A

quille=bowling pin
Pin is the shape of a rose bottle

94
Q

Other than Cotes de Provence AOC what are the 8 other AOCs in the region

A

Coteaux d Aix en Provence
Coteaux Varois de Provence
Bellet
Pallette
Cassis
Bandol
Pierrevent
Les Baux de Provence

95
Q

What % of rose is the production of Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC

96
Q

Does Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC make dry white wines

A

Yes - from Vermentino, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Sémillon, Ugni Blanc.

97
Q

Which is the only Provence AOC to produce more white wine than red or rose

A

Cassis 71%

from Marsanne and Clairette

98
Q

Which AOCs require grapes to be hand harvested

A

Bandol - hillside vineyards facing south with walls of restanques

Palette (and handsorted)

99
Q

Reds and rosés from Bandol AOC are based on Mourvèdre – however, it cannot be more than 95% of the blend. Grenache and Cinsaut usually complete the mix. Bandol reds must be aged a minimum of 18 months in oak. True or False

100
Q

What grape would you normally find in a bottle of Bandol blanc

101
Q

Over 90% of Les Baux-de Provence’s production is red and rose - how is the 90% split between the 2

A

evenly between the 2

102
Q

What does Boux mean in French and which mineral are the hills rich in?

A

Rocky plateau
Bauxite

103
Q

What % of Le Baux is farmed organically, biodynamically or using lutte raisonnée.

104
Q

Which is the smallest AOC in Provence

A

Palette

Bellet larger

105
Q

Palette AOC covers dry reds, rose and white - true or false

106
Q

Which AOC in Provence covers sweet whites and sparkling wine

107
Q

Which grape must be included in a red Palette blend

108
Q

Palette AOC has aging requirements for its reds and whites - True or False

A

True

whites and rosés until April 1 of the year following harvest; April 1 of the 2nd year after harvest with 18 months in oak for reds.

109
Q

Which AOC has strong alpine influences and has wines similar to the Rhone region

A

Pierrevert

110
Q

Which Provence AOC is nearest to Nice

111
Q

Which are the dominant white and red grapes of Bellet

A

Vermentino and Braquet Noir

112
Q

Which is the multi-regional IGP shared with the Rhône Valley and Corsica.

A

Mediterranee IGP

113
Q

Which traditional wine is a speciality of Palette

114
Q

Just one Provence AOC produces more white wine than red or rosé – which one is it?

Coteaux Varois en Provence

Cassis

Les Baux de Provence

Pierrevert

Bellet

115
Q

Which of these is not a DGC within the Côtes de Provence AOC?

La Londe

Notre-Dame des Anges

Saint-Victoire

Pierrevert

A

Pierrevert

116
Q

Why do many producers, in Provence, harvest their vineyards at night?

A

Paler rose

Cooler grapes bleed less colour inot the juice during pressing and maceration

117
Q

What percentage (according to 2019 figures) of Côtes de Provence AOC production is Rosé?

61%

81%

91%

71%

118
Q

Which is Provence’s smallest AOC in area?

Palette

Bellet

Pierrevert

Bandol

Cassis

119
Q

What are the stone vineyard walls that support the terraces in Bandol called?

Calanques

Maures

Restanques

Baou

A

Restanques

120
Q

The reds and rosé of Bandol AOC are based on which grape?

Cinsaut

Grenache

Mourvèdre

Durif

121
Q

Which AOC in Provence is particularly known for organic and biodynamic farming?

Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence

Cassis

Les Baux de Provence

Bandol

122
Q

All of Provence’s AOCs can produce sparkling wine.

True or False?

A

False

Under current rules none of the region’s AOCs can produce sparkling wines.

123
Q

The acidity in a rosé wine can have an effect on its color. Match the acid levels with its color-type:

High/Low acid

Pink/Salmon

A

High=Pink
Low=Salmon

124
Q

By what name is the iconic Provencal bottle-shape known?

Clavelin

Flûte à Corset

Fillette

Flûte Provençal

Guyot

Mignonette

A

Flute a corset

125
Q

Which grape is dominant in Provence’s rosé blends?

Grenache

Mourvèdre

Carignan

Cinsaut

126
Q

None of Provence’s AOCs permit the production of sweet wines

True or False?

127
Q

Approximately how many hours of sun does Provence receive yearly?

Around 1,500

Around 2,000

Around 3,000

Around 3,500

A

Around 3,000

128
Q

Name the DGCs

uniquely makes white wines as well as reds and roses.

uniquely can use carbonic maceration for reds.

reds must spend six months in oak barrels or foudres.

reds are aged until October 15 of the year following harvest (2)

A

La Londe
Sainte Victoire
Frejus
Pierrefueu and Frejus

129
Q

Which is the most significant IGP in Provence?

Méditerranée IGP

Alpilles IGP

IGP Mont Caume

Comtés Rhodaniens IGP

A

Mediterranee IGP

130
Q

What is the name of the mountain range that stretches between Fréjus and Cannes?

Sainte-Baume

Massif des Maures

Massif de L’Esterel

Massif des Calanques

A

Massif de l’Esterel

131
Q

Which of these has an effect on the color of rosé wines?


Select all that apply

The grape variety/varieties used

The ripeness of the vintage

The temperature of the grapes at harvest

The winemaking method

The length of maceration

The grapes being exposed to oxygen

The soil type

A

All of them

132
Q

Which is Provence’s most northerly appellation?

Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC

Pierrevert AOC

Palette AOC

Bellet AOC

A

Pierrevert

133
Q

Which is the only Provence AOC that allows Chardonnay to be used?

Pierrevert

Palette

Bellet

Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence

134
Q

Which AOCs/DGCs mandate oak aging for their red wines?

A

Bandol, Palette, CdP DGC Frejus

135
Q

Which three Provence AOCs produce 96% of all Provence wines?

A

Cotes de Provence
Coteuax d’Aix en Provence
Coteux Varois en Provence

136
Q

What is the climate of Provence?

A

Mediterranean

some continental/alpine influence

137
Q

In what year was the Côtes de Provence AOC Classification System created?

138
Q

What is the northernmost AOC in Provence?

A

Pierrevert

139
Q

What are the two main soil types found in Provence?

A

Clay/limestone -
Granite scist, mica

some volcanic

140
Q

What are the names of the DCGs in Côtes de Provence AOC?

A

Notre dame des Anges
La Londe
Pierrefeu
Frejus
St Victoire

141
Q

What is maquis

A

Resinous undergrowth on acidic schist soils

142
Q

What is Provence’s largest AOC by size and volume

A

Cotes de Provence

143
Q

Why is Mourvèdre successful in Bandol AOC?

A

Late-ripening Mourvèdre thrives in long, hot, coastal Mediterranean growing seasons.

144
Q

Define vins de soif

A

Easy drinking wines that quench the thirst - aperitif

145
Q

Define vins de gastronomie

A

Well made, fuller bodied wines to drink with good food

146
Q

What Provence AOC is known for organic and biodynamic viticulture?

A

Les Baux de Provence

147
Q

Define “flûte à corset”

A

Provencal Rose bottle with hourglass ‘waist’ at centre

148
Q

Define vin cuit

A

Cooked wine from Palette
14%
not fortified

Reduced grape must by long cooking; a tradition in the Palette AOC

149
Q

Define Baou

A

Rocky outcrop

150
Q

Define ‘restanques’

A

Terraced stone walls in vineyards, especially in Bandol

151
Q

What area of Provence was once one of France’s largest cork forests?

A

Massif des Maures

152
Q

What percentage of Provence’s wine production is rosé?

153
Q

Why are the Provence harvest parameters for rosé more in line with those for white wine production?

A

Wish to retain acidity and pale colour

154
Q

Which AOCs mandate hand harvesting?

A

Bandol and Palette

155
Q

What is Provence’s smallest AOC by size?

156
Q

What are the primary red varieties used in Bellet/Vin de Bellet AOC red wines?

A

Braquet Noir and Fuella Nera/FolleNoir

157
Q

What is the cornerstone of the Bandol red blend?

158
Q

What are the dominant white grapes in the Cassis AOC?

A

Clairette and Marsanne

159
Q

Which 6 grapes represent 91% of plantings

A

Grenache
Cinsault
Syrah
Carignan
Vermentino
Mourvedre

GSM plus Carignan, Cinsault and Vermentino

160
Q

What is a Grand rose or Rose a conserver

A

Rose that will improve with 2-3 years bottle age

161
Q

No Provence AOCs allow for the use of white grapes in rose production - True or False

A

False

Eg Cassis where roses may incorporate upto 20% white grapes into the blend

162
Q

Grapes from a new vineyard of an estate in the 1955 classification can be bottled under a cru classe label - True or False

A

False

Original vineyard area only

163
Q

How m

164
Q

How many of the original 23 estates in the Cru Classe are in the Club de Crus Classes des Cotes de Provence

A

14 (out of 18 remaining)

165
Q

What types of wine does Bandol produce and what is its key grape

A

Dry white, rose, red
Key grape is Mourvedre

166
Q

What types of wine does Cassis produce and what is its 2 key grapes

A

Dry white (71%), rose, red
Key grapes are Clairette and Marsanne

167
Q

Which is the Village expected to be promoted to AOC in June 2022

168
Q

Which is the only wine region in the world, to focus primarily on the production of rosé

French Wine Scholar 2023 (23 decks)

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